Objective: To investigate the prevalence of comorbidity of myopia, and overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students in Yanqing District, Beijing Municipality, so as to provide the evidence for \prevention and control of comorbidity. Methods: In September from 2020 to 2024, a stratified cluster sampling method was adopted annually to select primary, junior high school, senior high school, and vocational high school students in Yanqing District as survey subjects. Myopia was screened based on Screening Protocol for Myopia in Children and Adolescents. Height an weight were measured, and overweight and obesity were determined using the Screening for overweight and Obesity in School-Age Children and Adolescents. Results: A total of 9 883 individuals were surveyed, including 5 219 primary school students (52.81%), 2 486 junior high school students (25.15%), and 2 178 senior high school / vocational high school students (22.04%). There were 5 154 boys (52.15%) and 4 729 girls (47.85%). From 2020 to 2024, the numbers of primary and middle school students in Yanqing District with myopia, overweight, and obesity were 4 426, 1 897, and 3 164, respectively, with detection rates of 44.78%, 19.19%, and 32.01%. The detection rates of myopia, overweight, and obesity showed an increasing trend with the elevation of school stage (all P<0.05). The detection rate of myopia was higher in girls than in boys, while the detection rate of obesity was lower in girls than in boys (all P<0.05). There were 2 588 individuals with both myopia and overweight/obesity, representing a detection rate of 26.19%, which showed an increasing trend (P<0.05), rising from 25.04% in 2020 to 34.41% in 2024. The detection rates of comorbidity of myopia, and overweight and obesity among primary school, junior high school, and senior high school / vocational high school students were 13.22%, 36.93%, and 45.00%, respectively, showing an increasing trend with the elevation of school stage (P<0.05). The difference between genders was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Conclusions The detection rates of comorbidity of myopia, and overweight and obesity among primary and middle school students in Yanqing District is relatively high and shows an upward trend, with students in higher school stage being the key target group for prevention and control. It is recommended to strengthen health education on the co-prevention of multiple health issues and implement differentiated interventions based on school stages.

Objective: To explore the relationship between snack consumption and depressive symptoms in first year junior high school students with different left behind experiences in Yunnan Province, so as to provide a basis for improving depressive symptoms among first year junior high school students with different left behind experiences. Methods: From October to December 2022,a cluster random sampling method was used to select 8 500 first year junior high school students from 11 ethnic minority areas (Fugong County, Longling County, Longyang District, Luchun County, Mojiang County, Nanjian County, Qiaojia County, Shuangjiang County, Tengchong City, Yuanmou County, Zhenyuan County) in Yunnan Province for a questionnaire survey. The Chinese version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 was applied to assess depressive symptoms in first year junior high school students, and snack consumption was collected by employing food frequency questionnaire. The generalized linear model was used to analyze the association between first year junior high school students snack consumption and depressive symptoms, and the analysis was stratified according to left behind experience. Results: The detection rates of depressive symptoms among firstyear junior high school students with and without left behind experience were 36.25% and 26.91%, respectively. After controlling for confounding variables, the generalized linear model analysis showed that sweet snacks ( β=0.16, 95%CI =0.07-0.25), fast food ( β=0.14, 95%CI =0.04-0.23) and carbonated drinks ( β=0.09, 95%CI =0.01-0.17) of first year junior high school students with left behind experience (all P <0.05). Compared with those without such behavior, the risk of depressive symptoms was higher in consumption of fast food ( β=0.13, 95%CI =0.07-0.18) and carbonated drinks ( β=0.10, 95%CI =0.06-0.15)among first year junior high school students without left behind experience (both P <0.05). Conclusion Snack consumption among first year junior high school students in Yunnan may increase the risk of developing depressive symptoms, while first year junior high school students with left behind experience may have a greater risk of developing depressive symptoms.

ObjectiveTo investigate the association between metabolic associated fatty liver disease （MAFLD） and the risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease （ASCVD）， and to provide data support for the prevention and treatment of such metabolic-associated diseases in clinical practice. MethodsAn observation cohort was established for the workers of Kailuan who underwent physical examination for the first time from June 2006 to October 2007 and had complete liver assessment data， without the history of malignant tumor， MAFLD or ASCVD. According to the presence or absence of MAFLD， the patients were divided into non-MAFLD group with 67 565 patients and MAFLD group with 29 004 patients， and according to the presence or absence of ASCVD， the patients were divided into non-ASCVD group with 69 141 patients and ASCVD group with 481 patients. The group t-test or the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used for comparison of continuous data between the two groups. The χ² test was used for comparison of categorical data between the two groups. The life-table method was used to calculate the cumulative incidence rates of new-onset ASCVD and MAFLD； the Kaplan-Meier method was used to plot the survival curves of the cumulative incidence rates of ASCVD in the MAFLD group and the non-MAFLD group and the cumulative incidence rates of MAFLD in the ASCVD group and the non-ASCVD group， and the log-rank test was used for comparison of cumulative incidence rates between two groups. A multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression model analysis was used to investigate the impact of MAFLD on the risk of ASCVD and the impact of ASCVD on the risk of MAFLD. ResultsCompared with the non-MAFLD group， the MAFLD group had significantly higher levels of body mass index （BMI）， waist circumference， systolic blood pressure （SBP）， diastolic blood pressure （DBP）， resting heart rate， alanine aminotransferase， uric acid （UA）， fasting blood glucose （FBG）， triglyceride （TG）， total cholesterol， low-density lipoprotein cholesterol， and high sensitivity C-reactive protein （hs-CRP）， as well as significanty lower levels of estimated glomerular filtration rate （eGFR） and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol （all P <0.05）. Compared with the non-ASCVD group， the ASCVD group had significantly higher levels of BMI， waist circumference， SBP， DBP， UA， FBG， TG， and hs-CRP and a significantly lower level of eGFR （all P<0.05）. The incidence rate of new-onset ASCVD continued to increase over time in the MAFLD group and the non-MAFLD group， while the incidence rate of new-onset MAFLD firstly increased and then remained stable over time in the ASCVD group and the non-ASCVD group. There were 4 263 cases （14.70%） of new-osnet ASCVD in the MAFLD group， with an incidence density of 12.90 per 1 000 person-years， while there were 6 529 cases （9.66%） of new-osnet ASCVD in the non-MAFLD group， with an incidence density of 8.24 per 1 000 person-years， and there were significant differences in the incidence density and cumulative incidence rate of ASCVD between the two groups （χ²=519.09 and 531.80， both P<0.05）. There were 148 cases （30.77%） of new-onset MAFLD in the ASCVD group， with an incidence density of 40.10 per 1 000 person-years， while there were 32 194 cases （46.56%） of new-onset MAFLD in the non-ASCVD group， with an incidence density of 57.59 per 1 000 person-years， and there were significant differences in the incidence density and cumulative incidence rate of MAFLD between the two groups （χ²=19.29 and 30.78， both P<0.05）. The corrected multivariate Cox proportional-hazards regression model analysis showed that MAFLD was a risk factor for new-onset ASCVD （hazard ratio ［HR］=1.11， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 1.06 — 1.16， P<0.001）， while ASCVD was a protective factor against new-onset MAFLD （HR=0.72， 95%CI： 0.61 — 0.85， P<0.001）. ConclusionThere is a significant association between MAFLD and ASCVD， with an increase in the risk of ASCVD in the MAFLD population and a reduction in the risk of MAFLD in the ASCVD population.

Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of Oncomelania hupensis snails in Yunnan Province fol-lowing interruption of schistosomiasis transmission, so as to provide the evidence for assessing the risk of schistosomiasis transmission and scientifically formulating the schistosomiasis surveillance program. Methods According to the requirements of the National Schistosomiasis Surveillance Scheme (2020 Edition), O. hupensis snail surveillance data were collected from 18 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (cities, districts) in Yunnan Province from 2020 to 2024, including area of snail survey, area of snail habitats, area of re-emerging snail habitats, number of frames surveyed, number of frames with O. hupensis snails, number of O. hupensis snails captured, and number of living snails, and the occurrence of frames with snails and mean density of living snails were calculated. Changes in snail status over the 5-year period from 2020 to 2024 and the differences in snail distributions specified by epidemic intensity, environmental type, and vegetation type were analyzed. Results The areas of snail survey increased from 1 727.96 hm² in 2020 to 3 894.45 hm² in 2024 (peak) across 18 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (cities, districts) in Yunnan Province during the period from 2020 through 2024. The areas of snail habitats increased from 70.36 hm² in 2020 to a peak in 2023 (172.04 hm²), followed by a reduction to 132.36 hm² in 2024, and the areas of re-emerging snail habitats increased from 42.71 hm² in 2020 to a peak in 2022 (78.43 hm²), followed by a reduction to 40.21 hm² in 2024. The occurrence of frames with snails and mean density of living snails increased from 1.24% (3 025/244 404) and (0.033 2 ± 0.038 7) snails/0.1 m² in 2020 to peaks at 2.03% (6 231/307 563) and (0.066 9 ± 0.068 4) snails/0.1 m² in 2023, followed by reductions to 1.04% (5 829/559 941) and (0.032 6 ± 0.057 7) snails/0.1 m² in 2024, respectively. There was a significant difference in the occurrence of frames with snails over the 5-year study period (χ² = 1 962.95, P < 0.05), and the occurrence of frames with snails reduced by 48.71% in 2024 relative to in 2023 (χ² = 1 411.05, P < 0.005); however, there was no significant difference in the mean density of living snails over the 5 years (H = 5.310, P > 0.05). There were significant differences in the occurrence of frames with snails (χ² = 481.27, P < 0.05) and mean density of living snails (H = 6.872, P < 0.05) in schistosomiasis-endemic areas with different epidemic intensities. The occurrence of frames with snails (χ² = 25.32 and 38.70, both P values < 0.017) and mean density of living snails (Z = 28.55 and 49.96, both P values < 0.017) were higher in schistosomiasis transmission-interrupted and eliminated areas with snails than in schistosomiasis-eliminated areas without snails, and the occurrence of frames with snails (χ² = 453.54, P < 0.017) and mean density of living snails (Z = −56.97, P < 0.017) were higher in schistosomiasis-eliminated areas with snails than in schistosomiasis transmission-interrupted areas with snails. O. hupensis snails were mainly distributed in paddy fields, dry farmlands and ditches; however, the occurrence of frames with snails (13.40%, 424/3 164) and mean density of living snails [(0.252 8 ± 0.158 7) snails/0.1 m²] were higher in ponds/weirs than in other types of environments (both P values < 0.05). Rice, dry farmland crops and weeds were main vegetations in which O. hupensis snails were distributed, and the occurrence of frames with snails (2.29%, 7 111/310 140) and mean density of living snails [(0.072 3 ± 0.018 9) snails/0.1 m²] were higher in weeds than in other types of environments (both P values < 0.05). Conclusions O. hupensis snails have been effectively controlled in Yunnan Province following implementation of integrated schistosomiasis control measures; however, there are still risk factors for schistosomiasis transmission, including reduced attention to schistosomiasis control and snail re-emergence. Improved control efforts and surveillance system construction and timely identification of risk factors of snail status and timely management are recommended to ensure the achievement of the target of schistosomiasis elimination as scheduled.

To analyze the clinical and genetic features of oculopharyngodistal myopathy (OPDM) patients and compare the phenotypic differences among various causative genes.

Objective:To analyse the clinical characteristics of 214 cases of paediatric high altitude pulmonary edema（HAPE）and the efficacy of dexamethasone in adjunctive therapy.Methods:This retrospective study analyzed 214 pediatric cases of HAPE admitted to the Department of Paediatrics of the General Hospital of Tibetan Military between June 2015 to June 2017 and June 2019 to June 2021.Patients were divided into dexamethasone-treated group and dexamethasone-untreated group.Baseline data，clinical characteristics were collected to evaluate the treatment efficacy and drug side effects.Results:There were 107 children in each of the two groups with a median age of 8（5，11）years. The median age of the dexamethasone-treated group was 9（6，12）years and the mean age of the dexamethasone-untreated group was 7（3，10）years. The proportion of male children was 69.60%（149/214）；the onset of illness was mostly concentrated within 72 hours，accounting for 97.20%（208/214）of the cases；83.18%（178/214）of the cases had symptoms of combined upper respiratory tract infection before entering the plateau. The most important clinical symptoms of the children were cough（86.92%，186/214），cyanosis（70.09%，150/214），and shortness of breath（66.36%，142/214）. The proportion of auscultatory rhonchi was 83.18%（178/214），and all cases showed positive findings on chest radiography. After the dexamethasone regimen，the overall cure rate of the children was 94.39%，the average disappearance time of the symptoms and signs was（40.52±7.85）h，and the average hospital stay was（3.60±1.90）d. After treatment with the dexamethasone-free regimen，the overall cure rate was 92.52%，the mean time to disappearance of symptoms and signs was（42.10±7.62）h，and the mean length of stay in the hospital was(3.84±2.08)d. There was no significant difference in the cure rate，the disappearance time of symptoms and signs，and the average hospitalisation days between the two groups（ P>0.05），but a total of 11 children in the dexamethasone-treated group experienced adverse drug reactions，and no children in the dexamethasone-untreated group experienced adverse drug reactions. Conclusion:Han Chinese male children，particularly those with upper respiratory infections，should be closely monitored for HAPE risk within three days of ascending to high altitudes. This study does not recommend the use of dexamethasone for pediatric HAPE due to the lack of therapeutic benefits and potential adverse effects.

Objective To explore the effects of different concentrations of simvastatin on nerve regeneration after sciatic nerve injury.Methods Rats were randomly divided into the normal group,the control group,the low-dose group and the high-dose group,with 3 rats in each group.Except for the normal group,adult rat sciatic nerve crush injury models were established in the other groups.Rats in the normal group and the control group were orally administered with water,while those in the low-dose group and high-dose group were orally administered with 98%simvastatin at dosages of 4 mg/mL and 40 mg/mL,respectively.The sciatic nerve regeneration in rats was evaluated by sciatic function index(SFI),HE staining,luxol fast blue(LFB)staining and immunofluorescence staining,etc.Results The SFI of rats in the high-dose group 7 days and 14 days after surgery were higher than those in the control group(P<0.05);there was no significant difference in SFI of rats between the low-dose group and the control group 7 days and 14 days after surgery(P>0.05).HE staining and LFB staining results showed that compared with the control group,the number of neurons of rats in the high-dose group increased,the nerve fibers and myelin were clearer and denser,and the nerve function was significantly restored;while no significant improvement was observed in the sciatic nerve of rats in the low-dose group.The immunofluorescence staining results showed that compared with the control group,the immunofluorescence intensity in the high-dose group increased,while that in the low-dose group decreased,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion High-dose simvastatin can promote peripheral nerve regeneration by regulating the expression of M2 macrophages.

Objective:To investigate gut microbiota differences between individuals with and without colorectal adenoma(CRA)and to identify gut microbes associated with CRA.Methods:This cross-sectional study analyzed the gut microbiota of 100 patients with CRA and 68 individuals without CRA(aged 40-75 years)who underwent colonoscopies between March 2021 and March 2022 at Tianjin Nankai Hospital.Fecal samples were sequenced for the V3-V4 region of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene using the Illumina NovaSeq platform.Results:Compared to the non-CRA group,the CRA group exhibited reduced relative abundances of identified and unidentified Lachnospiraceae,with increased Faecalibacterium and Streptococcus.In the non-CRA group,the relative abundances of Coprococcus,unidentified Clostridiaceae,and Clostridium were higher.LEfSe analysis revealed significant enrichment of Gammaproteobacteria,Proteobacteria,Enterobacteriales,and Faecalibacterium in the CRA group,while the non-CRA group was enriched for Moraxellaceae,Acinetobacter,and Anaerostipes.Conclusions:These findings suggest a discernible disparity in the gut microbiota structure between CRA patients and individuals without adenoma.The enrichment of potential pathogenic taxa,such as Faecalibacterium and Streptococcus,in the CRA group suggests a possible association with adenoma development.

Objective To preliminarily explore the safety of collecting colostrum in the third trimester,and to evaluate postpartum breastfeeding in pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy.Methods Pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy who had prenatal examinations in Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital,Fudan University from Jul to Nov 2022 were prospectively divided into the colostrum collection group(n=52)in the third trimester and the control group(n=55)by randomized controlled grouping method.The t-test,χ2 test,Fisher's exact probability method and rank sum test were used for statistical analysis of the data to compare the delivery outcomes,neonatal outcomes and postpartum breastfeeding status between the two groups.Results There were no significant differences in the gestational weeks at delivery,delivery methods,breastfeeding rates at 42 days postpartum and 4 months postpartum between the two groups of pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy.There were also no significant differences in the Apgar scores at 1 minute and 5 minutes after birth and the neonatal hospitalization rate.The proportion of formula milk as the first supplementary feeding after delivery and the delayed lactation rate at 3 days postpartum in the colostrum collection group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05).The exclusive breastfeeding rates at 24 hours postpartum and 3 days postpartum in the colostrum collection group were significantly higher than those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion Collecting colostrum in the third trimester among pregnant women with hyperglycemia during pregnancy is safe,and it can reduce the rate of supplementary feeding with formula milk after delivery,and increase the exclusive breastfeeding rates at 24 hours postpartum and 3 days postpartum.

Objective To assess the dietary quality of preschool children and explore the relationship between feeding practices and dietary quality.Methods Relying on the Shanghai Maternal-Child Pairs Cohort,3 177 preschool children were selected as the subjects for this study,and questionnaire were surveyed on their dietary intake and feeding practice.The diet balance index was used to evaluate dietary quality among preschool children.High bound score(HBS),the low bound score(LBS),and the dietary quality distance(DQD)were calculated to respectively reflect overall dietary overconsumption,insufficiency,and imbalance.Logistic regression was utilized to analyze the association between feeding practice and dietary quality in preschool children.Results The HBS,LBS,and DQD of the subjects were 2(0,8),22.19±10.80,and 26.78±9.57,respectively.Only 7.68%of the children had a balanced dietary intake,with 74.73%and 33.99%of overall dietary intake being inadequate and excessive,respectively.Parental perceived weight were negatively associated with the risk of moderate to high over intake among children(aOR=0.79,95%CI:0.63-0.98).The higher the perceived responsibility(aOR=1.19,95%CI:1.03-1.37)score,the lower the monitoring score(aOR=0.83,95%CI:0.74-0.93),and the higher the likelihood that the child had a moderate to high under intake.The scores of pressure to eat were also positively correlated with the risks of under intake and moderate to high overall unbalance in preschool children(aOR=1.15-1.39,95%CI:1.02-1.63).Conclusion Preschool children commonly experience dietary imbalance,with inadequate and excessive intake coexisting.Parental perceived weight and monitoring were positively associated with preschoolers'dietary quality,whereas perceived responsibility and pressure to eat were negatively associated with it.