ObjectiveThis study aims to explore the potential of different orders of magnitude single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) locus combinations for predicting distant kinship relationships. A high-density SNP locus set was constructed, and a comprehensive assessment of its inference capability was conducted. MethodsFirstly, we selected three commercial chip panels, CGA (Chinese genotyping array, Illumina), GSA (Global screening array, Illumina), Affy (23MF_V2 high-density SNP array, Affymetrix) and merged them after quality control, forming a high-density SNP locus panel(1 180 k). Secondly, we selected 161 samples and collected their peripheral blood samples by using whole-genome sequencing technology. Within this sample population, the levels of kinship relationships fully covered the range from level 1 to level 9, and the number of kinship pairs at each level was consistently maintained at over 50 pairs. From 161 samples data of whole-genome sequencing, the 1 180 k locus set was extracted, which is referred to as the high-density SNP locus set in the following text. The kinship inference was conducted using the identity-by-descent (IBD) algorithm with the selected optimal parameters. To comprehensively evaluate the performance of the high-density SNP locus set in kinship inference, we compared it with the three commercial chip panels, the intersection of these three chip loci, and the control sets constructed by randomly reducing the number of the high-density SNP locus set. Based on the changes in the IBD lengths, as well as the dynamic trends in prediction accuracy, we conducted a scientific assessment of the kinship inference capability of the high-density SNP locus set. ResultsAfter screening, a set of 1 184 334 autosomal SNPs was obtained. During the process of screening the optimal IBD length threshold, the result revealed that 0 cM, 1 cM, and 2 cM all demonstrated good applicability. However, to avoid the issue of a large amount of redundant information caused by setting a too low IBD length threshold, this study ultimately selected 2 cM as the optimal threshold. Compared with the average results of three chip panels, the high-density SNP locus set increased the total IBD length and the average IBD length across levels 1-9; the accuracy of the confidence interval for level 8 was 70.97%, which represented a 3.50% improvement; the average confidence interval accuracy for levels 1-8 was 91.39%, representing a 1.00% increase; and the false negative rates at levels 8 and 9 were reduced by 2.42% and 6.76%, respectively. The system efficacy of the high-density SNP locus set for kinship inference of first to eighth degree relationships reached 98.91%. Through random reduction of the high-density SNP locus set results, it is found that increasing the number of SNPs with the panel, the detection efficiency of IBD length showed a significant upward trend. At the same time, the overall trend in the accuracy of kinship relationship prediction as well as the confidence interval accuracy also indicated that both metrics steadily increased with the addition of more loci. ConclusionThe results show that the high-density SNPs panel significantly enhances the efficacy of distant kinship inference, accurately covering kinship degrees, with the average confidence interval accuracy for first to eighth degree relationships stably above 90%. The study finds that increasing the number of SNPs panel can improve the ability to predict distant kinship.

Objective This study conducted molecular biological identification of the viruses carried by Culex pipiens pallens specimens collected in Shunyi District, Beijing in 2023, and observed the changes in the infection rate of the viruses carried by Cx. pipiens pallens at different collection times. Methods Cx. pipiens pallens were collected using carbon dioxide mosquito traps. The mosquito samples were ground in batches and analyzed by molecular biology technologies. The virus infection rate at different collection times was analyzed statistically. Results 17 strains of Culex pipiens pallens densovirus(CppDNV)were identified from Cx. pipiens pallens samples collected in Shunyi District, Beijing, in 2023. The nucleotide sequence analysis of the virus genome coding region showed that CppDNV was a single-stranded DNA virus with a total length of 3 335 nt, encoding 2 non-structural proteins(NS1, NS2)and 1 capsid protein(VP). The nucleotide(amino acid)sequence lengths of the three proteins were 2 376 nt(791 aa),1 092 nt(363 aa)and 1 071 nt(356 aa), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CppDNV was located in genus Brevihamaparvovirus. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in infection rates across collection times(χ2=4.429, P=0.194). Conclusions CppDNV was identified in Cx. pipiens pallens in Beijing, and it was stably maintained in this natural population.

Objective To investigate the species composition of mosquitoes and breeding conditions of larvae in the rice planting areas of Beijing, and to provide a scientific basis for mosquito control in rice fields. Methods Adult mosquitoes were collected using CO2-baited light traps, and mosquito larvae(including pupae)were sampled via the dipping method. Results A total of 4 genera and 6 species of adult mosquitoes were captured in the study area. The dominant species were Culex pipiens pallens, Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, and Anopheles sinensis. The average adult mosquito density was 5.11 specimens per trap-hour, with slightly lower density in July compared to August. For larvae and pupae,3 genera and 4 species were identified, dominated by Cx. tritaeniorhynchus, An. sinensis, and Aedes vexans. Conclusions The mosquito species composition in Beijing′s rice planting areas is diverse. Mosquito control strategies should prioritize the management of adult mosquitoes, while density control of mosquito larvae in paddy fields can be achieved through intermittent irrigation techniques.

The development of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis and treatment has undergone multiple paradigms, evolving from sporadic experiential practices to systematic approaches in syndrome differentiation and treatment and further integration of disease and syndrome frameworks. TCM is a vital component of the medical system, valued alongside Western medicine. Treatment based on syndrome differentiation embodies both personalized treatment and holistic approaches; however, the inconsistency and lack of stability in syndrome differentiation limit clinical efficacy. The existing integration of diseases and syndromes primarily relies on patchwork and embedded systems, where the full advantages of synergy between Chinese and Western medicine are not fully realized. Recently, driven by the development of diagnosis and treatment concepts and advances in analytical technology, Western medicine has been rapidly transforming from a traditional biological model to a precision medicine model. TCM faces a similar need to progress beyond traditional syndrome differentiation and disease-syndrome integration toward a more precise diagnosis and treatment paradigm. Unlike the micro-level precision trend of Western medicine, precision diagnosis and treatment in TCM is primarily reflected in data-driven applications that incorporate information at various levels, including precise syndrome differentiation, medication, disease management, and efficacy evaluation. The current priority is to accelerate the development of TCM precision diagnosis and treatment technology platforms and advance discipline construction in this area.

Objective To investigate the impact of catheter-associated urinary tract infection(CAUTI)on the prognosis of neurosurgical inpatients with indwelling catheters.Methods Neurosurgical inpatients with indwelling catheters and hospital stays＞2 days from January 2018 to December 2023 were selected as the study subjects.CAUTI during hospitalization was used as the exposure factor.A 1∶2 propensity score matc-hing method was applied to control for confounding factors,subsequently,63 patients were included in the CAUTI group and 121 in the non-CAUTI group.The impact of CAUTI on prognostic indicators in these pa-tients was analyzed.Results A total of 554 neurosurgical inpatients with indwelling catheters were included,among whom 70 developed CAUTI,yielding an infection rate of 12.64％.After propensity score matching,compared with the non-CAUTI group,the CAUTI group showed significantly longer hospital stays and in-dwelling catheter durations,higher total hospitalization costs,and higher out-of-pocket expenses,the differ-ences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).However,there was no significant difference in mortality be-tween the two groups(P＞0.05).Among the various medical cost items,significant differences were observed in medical service fees,diagnostic fees,other treatment fees,Western medicine fees,antibacterial drug fees,traditional Chinese medicine fees,consumable costs,and other expenses(P＜0.05),while no significant differ-ence was found in surgical treatment fees(P＞0.05).Conclusion CAUTI prolongs hospital stays and in-dwelling catheter durations,and increases medical costs.Effective measures should be taken to prevent and control CAUTI,thereby improving patient prognosis,reducing patients' direct financial burden,and enhancing the utilization of medical resources.

OBJECTIVE To summarize the clinical features and treatment methods of subglottic cysts in infants.METHODS A single-center retrospective study was conducted,enrolling twelve pediatric patients with subglottic cysts who were treated at Beijing Children's Hospital,Affiliated to Capital Medical University,between December 2016 and October 2024.Clinical data were collected and analyzed,including patient age,body weight,perinatal history,presenting symptoms,findings from flexible laryngoscopy and imaging studies,as well as surgical treatment modalities.RESULTS Among the 12 patients,8 were male and 4 were female,with a median age of 7 months.Preterm infants accounted for 83.3%(10/12),low birth weight was observed in 58.3%(7/12),and 75%(9/12)had a history of tracheal intubation.The primary clinical manifestations included stridor,respiratory distress,and feeding difficulties.All patients were diagnosed by laryngoscopy and imaging studies,which confirmed the presence of subglottic cysts.Among these,9 were located on the right side and 3 on the left.All patients underwent subglottic cyst excision under general anesthesia using suspension laryngoscopy combined with endoscopy.Among them,two cases experienced recurrence and required a second surgical procedure three months postoperatively.Histopathological examination revealed a cyst wall lined by stratified squamous epithelium and pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium.All patients were followed up for a period ranging from 6 months to 6 years,with no recurrence observed during this time.CONCLUSION Infants presenting with stridor and dyspnea should undergo prompt laryngoscopy for definitive diagnosis.Subglottic cysts should be highly suspected in preterm,low-birth-weight infants with a history of intubation who develop stridor or respiratory distress during development.Once diagnosed,surgical intervention should be performed promptly to avoid the need for a tracheostomy.Surgical excision under general anesthesia using suspension laryngoscopy combined with endoscopy is an effective treatment for subglottic cysts.

As a serine protease,thrombin can convert soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin and plays a pivotal role in the coagulation cascade.Therefore,the accurate quantitative assay of thrombin levels is of great value in the evaluation of coagulation function,clinical screening and prognostic monitoring of coagulation-related diseases,and screening of drugs for targeted therapy.Existing methods for thrombin detection can be divided into two categories,e.g.,the assay of concentration levels using nucleic acid aptamers as the affinity elements and the assay of activity levels based on the hydrolytic cleavage of substrate peptides.In recent years,electrochemical biosensors have attracted much attention in thrombin detection due to high sensitivity,high selectivity,simple instrument,fast response,and good portability.In this review,the latest research progress in methods for electrochemical detection of thrombin was summarized,focusing on the detection principles and the applied signal amplification strategies of related electrochemical biosensors.In addition,the challenges with respect to the practical use of electrochemical thrombin biosensors and the prospects were discussed.

OBJECTIVE: To study the results, re-donation situation and characteristics of single-reagent reactive blood donors who were put into the reentry strategy in Wuhan area, explore the rationality and effectiveness of the current reentry strategy, and provide data support for the improvement of the reentry process of blood donors. METHODS: From January 2020 to December 2023, blood donors who conform the reentry criteria and voluntarily applied for returning to Wuhan Blood Center were tested and the results were analyzed. According to the reentry strategy, serological testing and nucleic acid testing were carried out in parallel, serological testing was performed by ELISA with reagents from two different manufacturers, and the primary reactive samples were tested by double-well retest, and HBV/HCV/HIV nucleic acid detection was performed by RT-PCR with an individual donor test mode. Supplementary HBcAb testing was applied for HBV single reagent reactivity by chemiluminescence method. Supplementary TP-WB testing was applied for returning blood donors with repeated TP single reagent reactivity. If returning blood donors with HIV single reagent reactivity were repeated single reagent reactivity, the samples were sent to local CDC for confirmatory test. RESULTS: 7 098 blood donors were qualified for reentry, 716 donors voluntarily applied for reentry, 436 donors successfully reentry, 251 donors entered the next round, 29 donors could not reentry. The reentry rates for the past four years were 66.67%（42/63）, 54.73%（81/148）, 60.71%（136/224） and 62.99%（177/281）, respectively. Up to December 31, 2023, 275 donors donated blood again, and the donation rates for past four years were 76.19%（32/42）, 72.84%（59/81）, 61.76%（84/136） and 56.50%（100/177）, respectively. After donating blood, 31 donors were disqualified again by blood screening and subjected to permanent deferral. The results of returning to the team had statistical differences in reentry items, educational level, age, and marriage（P < 0.05）. CONCLUSION The current reentry strategy adopted by the blood donation and supply institution can effectively retain part of blood donors, reduce the negative emotions of blood donors and increase blood resources.
Humans ; Blood Donors ; China ; Hepatitis B ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Hepatitis C ; Male

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of different previous treatments on the efficacy of flumatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML). METHODS: The clinical data of 69 patients with CML treated with flumatinib in the Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University from 2019 to 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into a first-line flumatinib group and a first-line non-flumatinib group according to whether flumatinib was used as first-line treatment. The molecular response (MR) at 3, 6 and 12 months of treatment was compared between the two groups to evaluate the early efficacy. The first-line non-flumatinib group was further divided into imatinib group, nilotinib group, and dasatinib group according to the previous first-line drugs used. The efficacy data of these three groups at 3, 6 and 12 months after switching to flumatinib were collected, and the MR was evaluated to compare efficacy differences. RESULTS: The rate of early molecular response (EMR) in the first-line flumatinib group was significantly higher than that in the first-line non-flumatinib group (P < 0.05). At 6 months and 12 months of treatment, the proportion of patients achieving MR 4.5 in the first-line flumatinib group was significantly higher than that in the first-line non-flumatinib group (P < 0.05). Compared with the imatinib and nilotinib groups, the previous dasatinib group showed a significantly higher proportion of patients achieving MR 5.0 at 3, 6, and 12 months after switching to flumatinib (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Compared with the previous treatment with other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), initial use of flumatinib at diagnosis enable patients to achieve deeper molecular remission more rapidly. Compared with previous use of imatinib or nilotinib, previous use of dasatinib is associated with deeper molecular remission after switching to flumatinib.
Humans ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug therapy* ; Retrospective Studies ; Imatinib Mesylate/therapeutic use* ; Dasatinib/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome ; Pyrimidines/therapeutic use* ; Female ; Male ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Middle Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use*

OBJECTIVE: To study the efficacy and prognosis of patients with myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasms (MDS/MPN) treated with hypomethylating agents (HMA), and to analyze the factors that may affect their efficacy and prognosis, in order to provide a clinical basis for the choice of treatment options for patients with MDS/MPN. METHODS: 35 patients with newly diagnosed MDS/MPN who received hypomethylating therapy from January 2018 to April 2024 in the Department of Hematology of Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University were included. The patients were divided into decitabine group (15 cases) and azacitidine group (20 cases) according to the treatment regimen. The efficacy, median overall survival (OS), and median progression-free survival (PFS) of the patients after HMA treatment were evaluated. The differences in efficacy and survival between the two groups were compared, and factors affecting efficacy and prognosis of MDS/MPN patients were analyzed. RESULTS: The overall response rate (ORR) of the 35 MDS/MPN patients treated with HMA was 51.4%. The ORR was 73.3% in decitabine group and 35.0% in azacitidine group, with a statistically significant difference (P =0.041). Survival analysis showed that the median OS was 12 months and the median PFS was 10 months in the entire cohort of the patients. There was no difference in median OS between decitabine group and azacitidine group. The median PFS in decitabine group was 12 months, higher than that in azacitidine group (7 months), but the difference was not statistically significant (P =0.505). Multivariate analysis showed that the treatment regimen and platelet count were independent influencing factors for the efficacy of HAM treatment; The course and therapeutic efficacy of HMA treatment were independent influencing factors for OS in MDS/MPN patients. The main adverse reactions of HMA treatment were myelosuppression and pulmonary infection. Gastrointestinal reactions were more likely to occur in the azacitidine group than in the decitabine group, and the difference was statistically significant (P =0.027). CONCLUSION HMA treatment is effective and well-tolerated in some MDS/MPN patients. Decitabine shows superior efficacy compared with azacitidine and is less likely to cause gastrointestinal reactions. Patients who received ≥4 courses of HMAs and responded to hypomethylating therapy had longer OS.
Humans ; Prognosis ; Decitabine/therapeutic use* ; Azacitidine/therapeutic use* ; Male ; Female ; Myelodysplastic Syndromes/drug therapy* ; Middle Aged ; Myelodysplastic-Myeloproliferative Diseases/drug therapy* ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/therapeutic use* ; Treatment Outcome ; Aged ; Myeloproliferative Disorders/drug therapy* ; Adult ; DNA Methylation