The expert consensus on the clinical treatment of herpes zoster with fire needling was developed, and the commonly used fire needling treatment scheme verified by clinical research was selected to form a standardized diagnosis and treatment scheme for acute herpes zoster and postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), so as to answer the core problems in clinical application. The consensus focuses on patients with herpes zoster, and forms recommendations for 9 key clinical issues, covering simple fire needling and TCM comprehensive therapy based on fire needling, including fire needling combined with cupping, fire needling combined with Chinese herb, fire needling combined with cupping and Chinese herb, fire needling combined with filiform needling, fire needling combined with moxibustion, and provides specific recommendations and operational guidelines for various therapies.
Humans ; Herpes Zoster/therapy* ; Acupuncture Therapy/instrumentation* ; Consensus ; Clinical Protocols

At present, the cause of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) in China has entered a new period of high-quality development. How to strengthen the foundation for the TCM industry from the source is an important issue that deserves the attention of the authorities, industry, and academia. This study systematically analyzed the regulatory system of TCM raw materials and preparations. The study took the TCM industry chain and the product life cycle as a clue and focused on the dimensions of TCM resource protection and plant cultivation(farming), production and quality supervision of TCM raw materials and preparations, and their market access and distribution. It analyzed the current situation of the regulation of TCM raw materials and preparations under the regulatory system of drugs, discussed the main problems, and put forward corresponding suggestions. The results can provide an important reference value for the subsequent improvement of the regulatory system of drugs and the construction of a prominent regulatory system of drugs in accordance with TCM characteristics.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal/economics* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; China ; Quality Control ; Humans ; Plants, Medicinal/chemistry*

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion is one of the most commonly used supportive treatments for children with hematological diseases. This guideline provides guidance and recommendations for blood transfusions in children with aplastic anemia, thalassemia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, and thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the blood transfusion provisions for children with hematological diseases in the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion", aiming to assist in the understanding and implementing the blood transfusion section of this guideline.
Humans ; Child ; Hematologic Diseases/therapy* ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Blood transfusion for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is highly complex and challenging. This guideline provides recommendations on transfusion thresholds and the selection of blood components for these children. This article presents the evidence and interpretation of the transfusion provisions for children undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, with the aim of enhancing the understanding and implementation of the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion".
Humans ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Child ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices for pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Critically ill children often present with anemia and have a higher demand for transfusions compared to other pediatric patients. This guideline provides guidance and recommendations for blood transfusions in cases of general critical illness, septic shock, acute brain injury, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, non-life-threatening bleeding, and hemorrhagic shock. This article interprets the background and evidence of the blood transfusion provisions for critically ill and severely bleeding children in the "Guideline for pediatric transfusion", aiming to enhance understanding and implementation of this aspect of the guidelines. Citation:Chinese Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics, 2025, 27(4): 395-403.
Humans ; Critical Illness ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Child ; Hemorrhage/therapy* ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

To guide clinical blood transfusion practices in pediatric patients, the National Health Commission has issued the health standard "Guideline for pediatric transfusion" (WS/T 795-2022). Children undergoing cardiac surgery are at high risk of bleeding, and the causes of perioperative anemia and coagulation disorders in neonates and children are complex and varied, often necessitating the transfusion of allogeneic blood components. This guideline provides direction and recommendations for specific measures in blood management for children undergoing cardiac surgery before, during, and after surgery. This article interprets the background and evidence for the formulation of the blood transfusion provisions for children undergoing cardiac surgery, hoping to facilitate the understanding and implementation of this guideline.
Humans ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Blood Transfusion/standards* ; Child ; Practice Guidelines as Topic

Neuropathic pain, often featuring allodynia, imposes significant physical and psychological burdens on patients, with limited treatments due to unclear central mechanisms. Addressing this challenge remains a crucial unsolved issue in pain medicine. Our previous study, using protein kinase C gamma (PKCγ)-tdTomato mice, highlights the spinal feedforward inhibitory circuit involving PKCγ neurons in gating neuropathic allodynia. However, the regulatory mechanisms governing this circuit necessitate further elucidation. We used diverse transgenic mice and advanced techniques to uncover the regulatory role of the descending serotonin (5-HT) facilitation system on spinal PKCγ neurons. Our findings revealed that 5-HT neurons from the rostral ventromedial medulla hyperpolarize spinal inhibitory interneurons via 5-HT_2C receptors, disinhibiting the feedforward inhibitory circuit involving PKCγ neurons and exacerbating allodynia. Inhibiting spinal 5-HT_2C receptors restored the feedforward inhibitory circuit, effectively preventing neuropathic allodynia. These insights offer promising therapeutic targets for neuropathic allodynia management, emphasizing the potential of spinal 5-HT_2C receptors as a novel avenue for intervention.
Animals ; Neuralgia/physiopathology* ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism* ; Receptor, Serotonin, 5-HT2C/metabolism* ; Hyperalgesia/physiopathology* ; Mice, Transgenic ; Mice ; Spinal Cord/metabolism* ; Serotonin/metabolism* ; Male ; Neurons/metabolism* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

Objective To study the expression of long non-coding RNA(lncRNA)and long potassium voltage-gated channel subfamily Q member 1 overlapping transcript 1(KCNQ1OT1)in renal tissues of the patients with idiopathic membranous nephropathy(IMN)and its correlation with podocytes number and clini-cal indicators.Methods A total of 24 patients with diagnosed IMN in the nephrology department of this hos-pital from February to June 2022 were selected as the IMN group,and 22 patients with nephrectomy due to re-nal cancer in the urologic surgery department during the same period were selected as the control group.The expression of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 was detected by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH)and real-time quantitative PCR(qPCR).Wilms tumor gene 1(WT1)was used to label podocyte nuclei,and the expression level of WT1 was detected by immunohistochemical staining.The clinical data of the patients were collected to study the relationship between lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 expression in kidney tissue with the clinical indicators such as podocytes number,serum albumin and 24 h urine protein quantification in IMN patients.Results The mean gray value of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1expression green channel in the IMN group was 1.76±0.27 in the FISH detection,which was higher than 1.00±0.14 in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=11.911,P<0.05).The expression level of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in the IMN group was 2.40±0.17 by qPCR,which was higher than 1.00±0.03 in the control group,and the difference was statistically sig-nificant(t=13.653,P<0.05).The expression level of WT1 in the IMN group was 13.27±5.18,which was lower than 28.79±5.58 in the control group,and the difference was statistically significant(t=-9.777,P<0.05).The expression level of lncRNA KCNQ1OT1 in kidney tissue of IMN patients was negatively correla-ted with the podocytes number and serum albumin(P<0.05),positively correlated with 24 h urine protein quantification(P<0.05),but had no significant correlation with serum creatinine,urea,anti-PLA2R antibody and eGFR(P>0.05).Conclusion KCNQ1OT1 of lncRNA may be related with the occurrence and develop-ment of IMN,and is expected to be a potential target for the treatment of IMN.

Objective:To establish an in vivo infection model of West Nile virus (WNV) pseudovirus and evaluate the neutralizing activity of antibody WNV-XH1.Methods:A stable cell line that can package the WNV pseudovirus was established in the early stage to prepare the pseudovirus supernatant. The supernatant was concentrated and infected BHK21 cells to detect the titer of the pseudovirus. After intraperitoneal injection of the pseudovirus into C57BL/J mice, bioluminescence imaging was performed to observe the infection status of the pseudovirus in the mice. After simultaneous infection, blood was collected and ELISA was used to detect NS1 levels in mouse serum. The in vivo functional activity of antibody WNV-XH1 was evaluated using the established mouse infection model.Results:Fluorescence was detected in C57BL/J mice infected with WNV pseudovirus, and the NS1 levels in the peripheral blood serum of mice infected with pseudovirus were significantly higher than those of non infected mice (1.453±0.09vs0.305±0.018). After intravenous administration of WNV-XH1 antibody before the attack, the fluorescence signal in the mice decreased and the serum NS1 level decreased (0.384±0.015).Conclusions:A successful in vivo infection model of WNV pseudovirus was established, and it was confirmed that the antibody WNV-XH1 had a protective effect against WNV pseudovirus infection in vivo.

Objective To observe the effect of remazolam besylate on oxidative stress,inflammatory factors and CD4+/CD8+levels after gastric surgery in rats.Methods The rats were randomly divided into blank group(without anesthesia and operation treatment),control group(tail vein injection of 9 mg·kg-1 propofol injection,3 mg·kg-1 each time as required during operation),experimental-L,-M,-H groups(tail vein injection of 22,44 and 88 mg·kg-1 remazolam besylate injection,respectively,during the operation,15 mg was added each time according to the situation).Serum malondialdehyde(MDA)levels were detected by thiobarbituric acid method;the ratio of CD4+and CD8+T lymphocytes in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometry;serum tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)levels were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay;the expression levels of serum p50 and nuclear factor suppressor protein(IKBα)were detected by Western blotting.Results The levels of MDA in blank group,control group and experimental-L,-M,-H groups were(0.81±0.11),(2.37±0.20),(1.86±0.28),(1.32±0.19)and(1.05±0.23)mmol·g-1;the proportions of CD4+T lymphocytes were(29.24±2.81)％,(17.98±2.14)％,(20.96±3.47)％,(23.84±2.01)％and(26.41±2.95)％;the proportions of CD8+T lymphocyte were(17.28±2.13)％,(26.13±2.45)％,(23.85±3.04)％,(21.26±2.10)％and(19.32±1.98)％;TNF-α level were(62.54±7.47),(189.14±21.61),(127.42±14.52),(103.35±16.47)and(82.21±10.62)pg·mL-1;the levels of p50 protein in peripheral blood were 0.25±0.04,0.86±0.04,0.69±0.07,0.52±0.06 and 0.39±0.05;the levels of IκBα protein were 0.19±0.04,0.73±0.08,0.61±0.07,0.49±0.06 and 0.32±0.05,respectively.There were statistically significant differences between blank group and control group(all P＜0.05);there were statistically significant differences between experimental-L,-M,-H groups and control group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Remazolam benzosulfonate may reduce oxidative stress and inflammation,and improve immune function in rats after gastric surgery by reducing the activity of nuclear factor-κB(NF-κB)signaling pathway.