Objective To investigate the population composition,seasonal dynamics,and infestation levels of cockroaches in Lanzhou,China,and to provide information for the scientific development of cockroach control strategies.Methods Monitoring was conducted at three locations using the sticky trap method.Habitats included farm product markets,catering establishments,hotels,hospitals,and residential areas.Results From 2016 to 2023,the average cockroach density was 0.77 insects per board,with an average infestation rate of 10.84%.Blattella germanica was the dominant species.Seasonal density of cockroaches showed an approximately unimodal distribution,peaking in September.The highest average density and infestation rates were observed in farm product markets.Conclusions Cockroach density and infestation levels in Lanzhou remained relatively low.A comprehensive prevention and control strategy focusing on environmental management in key areas should be implemented according to the seasonal fluctuations.

Inflammation-to-tumor transition is one of the important mechanisms by which the cervical high-risk human papillomavirus(HR-HPV)infection develops into cervical cancer.Persistent cervical HR-HPV infection is an important cause of cervical cancer,and the focal uncontrolled inflammatory microenvironment caused by persistent cervical HR-HPV infection is the underlying mechanism of cervical cancer.The macroscopic and microscopic pathological process of inflammation-to-tumor transition is consistent with the pathogenesis evolution of damp-heat accumulation resulting into toxin in traditional Chinese medicine(TCM):the accumulation of damp-heat is the driving factor of inflammation-to-tumor transition,long-term retention of damp-heat leading to spleen deficiency and liver depression contributes to the characteristics of pathogenesis evolution,and long-term retention of damp-heat toxin causes the disorder of liver and spleen and then blood stasis accumulates in the cervical orifice,which eventually becomes cancer toxin.The process of inflammation-to-tumor transition caused by persistent cervical HR-HPV infection is due to the pathological factors of damp,heat,deficiency and toxin in TCM.Therefore,the regulation of inflammatory microenvironment caused by persistent cervical HR-HPV infection is the key approach to the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer.For the treatment of cervical cancer,methods of clearing heat and drying dampness,strengthening the spleen and soothing the liver are the key therapies.By intervention with the proper pathogen-eliminating methods and with simultaneous regulation of the interior and exterior,the process of inflammation-to-tumor transition can be interrupted.The exploration of inflammation-to-tumor transition caused by persistent cervical HR-HPV infection from the perspective of damp-heat accumulation resulting into toxin will provide thoughts for the prevention and treatment of cervical cancer with TCM and for Chinese medicine in intervening inflammation-to-tumor transition.

Objective:To construct a predictive model for intensive care unit (ICU) and in-hospital mortality risk in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and validate its performance.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 3 907 patients with TBI published until May 2018 in the eICU Collaborative Research Database v2.0 (eICU-CRD v2.0), including 2 397 males and 1 510 females, aged 18-92 years [63.0(43.0, 79.0)years]. According to whether the patients died in ICU or at hospital stay, they were divided into ICU survival group ( n=3 575) and ICU mortality group ( n=332), and hospital survival group ( n=3 413) and hospital mortality group ( n=494). The general data, admission diagnosis, laboratory tests, therapeutic interventions, and clinical outcomes were extracted as variables of interest. Univariate analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis were conducted on both the survival groups and the mortality groups to identify the independent risk factors that affect ICU and in-hospital mortality in TBI patients, based on which a Logistic regression prediction model was constructed and represented by Nomograms. The extracted dataset was randomly divided into training set ( n=2 735) and validation set ( n=1 172) with a ratio of 7∶3, and was applied for internal validation of the of the predictive model. Meanwhile, the data of TBI patients in the MIMIC-III v1. 4 database were extracted for external validation of the predictive model. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used for discriminability evaluation of the model, and the Hosmer-Lemeshow (H-L) goodness of fit test and calibration curve were used for calibration evaluation of the model. Results:The statistically significant variables identified in the univariate analysis were included in the multivariate logistic regression analysis of ICU mortality and in-hospital mortality risk. The results revealed that acute physiology and chronic health evaluation IV (APACHE IV) score ( OR=1.04, 95% CI 1.03, 1.04, P<0.01), Glasgow coma scale (GCS) ( OR=0.66, 95% CI 0.59, 0.73, P<0.01), cerebral hernia formation ( OR=6.91, 95% CI 3.13, 15.26, P<0.01), international normalized ratio (INR) ( OR=1.33, 95% CI 1.09, 1.62, P<0.01), use of hypertonic saline ( OR=0.45, 95% CI 0.21 0.94, P<0.05), and use of vasoactive agents ( OR=2.19, 95% CI 1.36, 3.52, P<0.01) were independent risk factors for ICU mortality in TBI patients. The age (with 10 years as a grade) ( OR=1.28, 95% CI 1.17, 1.40, P<0.01), APACHE IV score ( OR=1.03, 95% CI 1.02, 1.04, P<0.01), GCS ( OR=0.75, 95% CI 0.71, 0.80, P<0.01), cerebral hernia formation ( OR=6.44, 95% CI 2.99, 13.86, P<0.01), serum creatinine level ( OR=1.07, 95% CI 1.01, 1.15, P<0.05), INR ( OR=1.49, 95% CI 1.20, 1.85, P<0.01), use of hypertonic saline ( OR=0.41, 95% CI 0.21, 0.80, P<0.01), and use of vasoactive agents ( OR=2.27, 95% CI 1.46, 3.53, P<0.01) were independent risk factors of in-hospital mortality of TBI patients. Based on the forementioned independent risk factors for ICU mortality, the model equation was constructed: Logit P (ICU)=7.12+0.03×"APACHE IV score"-0.42×"GCS"+1.93×"cerebral hernia formation"+0.28×"INR"-0.81×"use of hypertonic saline"+0.79×"use of vasoactive agents". Based on the forementioned independent risk factors for in-hospital mortality, the model equation was constructed: Logit P (in-hospital)=2.75+0.25×"age"(with 10 years as a grade)+0.03×"APACHE IV score"-0.28×"GCS"+1.86×"cerebral hernia formation"+0.07×"serum creatinine level"+0.40×"INR"-0.90×"use of hypertonic saline"+0.82×"use of vasoactive agents". In the prediction model for ICU mortality, the AUC of the training set and validation set was 0.95 (95% CI 0.94, 0.97) and 0.91 (95% CI 0.87, 0.95). The result of H-L goodness of fit test of the training set was P=0.495 with the average absolute error in the calibration curve of 0.003, while the result of H-L goodness of fit test of the validation set was P=0.650 with the average absolute error in the calibration curve of 0.012. In the prediction model for in-hospital mortality, the AUC of the training set and validation set was 0.91 (95% CI 0.89, 0.93) and 0.91(95% CI 0.88, 0.94). The result of H-L goodness of fit test of the training set was P=0.670 with the average absolute error in the calibration curve of 0.006, while the result of H-L goodness of fit test of the validation set was P=0.080 with the average absolute error in the calibration curve of 0.021. In the external validation set of ICU mortality risk, the AUC of the prediction model was 0.88 (95% CI 0.86, 0.90), while the result of H-L goodness of fit test was P=0.205 with the average absolute error in the calibration curve of 0.031. In the external validation set of in-hospital mortality risk, the AUC of the prediction model was 0.88 (95% CI 0.85, 0.91), while the result of H-L goodness of fit test was P=0.239 with the average absolute error in the calibration curve of 0.036. The internal and external validation of the model indicated that both the prediction models for ICU and in-hospital mortality had good discriminability and calibration. Conclusion:The ICU mortality prediction model constructed by APACHE IV score, GCS, cerebral hernia formation, use of hypertonic saline, vasoactive agents use of and INR, and the in-hospital mortality prediction model constructed by age grading, APACHE IV score, GCS, cerebral hernia formation, serum creatinine level, hypertonic saline use of, use of vasoactive agents and INR can predict the mortality risk of TBI patients well.

Objective:To investigate the application status of emergency radiology in China, and to provide data support for the standardized development, scientific management and big data research of emergency radiology.Methods:From August 12th to October 19th, 2022, a questionnaire survey was conducted through WeChat"Questionnaire Star"to send targeted questionnaires to investigate the relevant data of the current status of emergency radiology in China, mainly including digital radiography (DR) and computed tomography (CT). This study was initiated by the Chinese Emergency Radiology Database Collaboration Group, and comprehensively investigated emergency imaging personnel, equipment, workload, critical value reporting process, and artificial intelligence (AI) application status.Results:There were 123 hospitals in the study. The survey showed that emergency DR/CT reports were mainly completed by residents and above (69.1%). There were 21 DR brands, 10 CT brands and 8 MR brands used for emergency imaging examinations. The median number of DR examinations in tertiary hospitals and secondary hospitals investigated from January to June 2022 was 4 642 and 2 015 cases respectively, and the median number of CT examinations was 16 512 and 3 762 cases respectively. The average single-shift workload of DR in the emergency radiology department during the day and night shift in tertiary hospitals was mainly ≤20 copies and 21-50 copies, and the average single-shift workload of CT in the emergency radiology department during the day and night shift was mainly 21-50 copies and 51-100 copies, while the average single-shift workload of DR/CT in the emergency radiology department during the day/night shift in secondary hospitals was mainly ≤20 copies. In terms of critical value reporting process, 74.8% of emergency imaging doctors and 84.6% of emergency imaging technicians took the way of phone/text message to notify the clinical doctor or the patients′ family. The overall deployment rate of AI in emergency imaging was about 60.2%. 75% of the respondents believed that in the future, AI can improve emergency radiology work from aspects such as emergency screening, aided diagnosis and process optimization.Conclusions:The emergency medical imaging mainly based on DR and CT has the current situations such as generally low seniority of doctors, diverse brands of imaging equipments, large volume of examinations and intense workload per doctor, especially in tertiary hospitals, and dependence on traditional means for critical value reporting. At present, AI is emerging in the field of emergency imaging, and there is still a long way to go to play the huge potential of AI in the intelligent whole process of emergency imaging in the future.

Objective: To investigate the value of plasma cells for diagnosing lymph node diseases. Methods: Common lymphadenopathy (except plasma cell neoplasms) diagnosed from September 2012 to August 2022 were selected from the pathological records of Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China. Morphological and immunohistochemical features were analyzed to examine the infiltration pattern, clonality, and IgG and IgG4 expression of plasma cells in these lymphadenopathies, and to summarize the differential diagnoses of plasma cell infiltration in common lymphadenopathies. Results: A total of 236 cases of lymphadenopathies with various degrees of plasma cell infiltration were included in the study. There were 58 cases of Castleman's disease, 55 cases of IgG4-related lymphadenopathy, 14 cases of syphilitic lymphadenitis, 2 cases of rheumatoid lymphadenitis, 18 cases of Rosai-Dorfman disease, 23 cases of Kimura's disease, 13 cases of dermal lymphadenitis and 53 cases of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL). The main features of these lymphadenopathies were lymph node enlargement with various degrees of plasm cell infiltration. A panel of immunohistochemical antibodies were used to examine the distribution of plasma cells and the expression of IgG and IgG4. The presence of lymph node architecture could help determine benign and malignant lesions. The preliminary classification of these lymphadenopathies was based on the infiltration features of plasma cells. The evaluation of IgG and IgG4 as a routine means could exclude the lymph nodes involvement of IgG4-related dieases (IgG4-RD), and whether it was accompanied by autoimmune diseases or multiple-organ diseases, which were of critical evidence for the differential diagnosis. For common lesions of lymphadenopathies, such as Castleman's disease, Kimura's disease, Rosai-Dorfman's disease and dermal lymphadenitis, the expression ratio of IgG4/IgG (>40%) as detected using immunhistochemistry and serum IgG4 levels should be considered as a standard for the possibility of IgG4-RD. The differential diagnosis of multicentric Castleman's diseases and IgG4-RD should be also considered. Conclusions: Infiltration of plasma cells and IgG4-positive plasma cells may be detected in some types of lymphadenopathies and lymphomas in clinicopathological daily practice, but not all of them are related to IgG4-RD. It should be emphasized that the characteristics of plasma cell infiltration and the ratio of IgG4/IgG (>40%) should be considered for further differential diagnosis and avoiding misclassification of lymphadenopathies.
Humans ; Castleman Disease/pathology* ; Plasma Cells/pathology* ; Immunoglobulin G4-Related Disease ; China ; Lymphadenopathy/pathology* ; Inflammation/pathology* ; Lymph Nodes/pathology* ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Lymphadenitis/pathology* ; Immunoglobulin G/metabolism*

Humans ; Rituximab/therapeutic use* ; Bendamustine Hydrochloride/therapeutic use* ; Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy* ; Lymphoma, B-Cell ; Protein Kinase Inhibitors/therapeutic use* ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Treatment Outcome

【Objective】 To retrospectively analyze the average carboplatin dosage and calculate the area under the curve (AUC) using the Calvert formula in first-line chemotherapy in patients with epithelial ovarian cancer in The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University so as to evaluate the effect of the AUC difference in the Chinese population on therapeutic efficacy and safety. 【Methods】 We enrolled patients who underwent first-line chemotherapy with paclitaxel and carboplatin 3-week regimen in our hospital from January 1, 2012 to January 1, 2022. According to the median of AUC, the patients were divided into high-dose group and low-dose group. The overall response rate (ORR), disease control rate (DCR), progression free survival (PFS), overall survival (OS), and the incidence of adverse events (AEs) were compared. 【Results】 A total of 153 patients were enrolled in this study and the median AUC of carboplatin was 3.981 (range 2.314-5.446). Only 10.46% patients (16/153) had an AUC above 5. There were 77 patients with the AUC<4. There were 76 patients with AUC≥4. No significant difference was observed in baseline characteristics between the two groups (P>0.05). The ORR in the low-dose group and the high-dose group was 59.74% and 57.89%, respectively, and the DCR was 87.01% and 85.53%, respectively. The median PFS of the two groups was 14 and 15.5 months, respectively, and the median OS was 50 and 55 months, respectively. None of the above outcomes were statistically different between the two groups (P>0.05). The two groups showed significant differences in the incidence of anemia, neutropenia, and thrombocytopenia (P<0.05). The incidence of nausea and vomiting, grade 1-2 diarrhea or constipation, and grade 1-2 fever showed significant differences (P<0.05). In addition, the incidence of dose limiting toxicity (DLT), including grade 4 thrombocytopenia and febrile neutropenia (FN), was significantly increased in the high-dose group (P<0.05). 【Conclusion】 Compared with the recommended AUC 5-6 of carboplatin abroad, the actual carboplatin dosage in the first-line chemotherapy for patients with epithelial ovarian cancer was generally insufficient in our hospital. There was no difference in therapeutic efficacy between the patients with AUC<4 and AUC≥4. However, considering the increased risk of some AEs and DLT in the high-dose group, it is not recommended to increase the carboplatin AUC blindly.

FRMD6, a member of the 4.1 ezrin-radixin-moesin domain-containing protein family, has been reported to inhibit tumor progression in multiple cancers. Here, we demonstrate the involvement of FRMD6 in lung cancer progression. We find that FRMD6 is overexpressed in lung cancer tissues relative to in normal lung tissues. In addition, the enhanced expression of FRMD6 is associated with poor outcomes in patients with lung squamous cell carcinoma (n = 75, P = 0.0054) and lung adenocarcinoma (n = 94, P = 0.0330). Cell migration and proliferation in vitro and tumor formation in vivo are promoted by FRMD6 but are suppressed by the depletion of FRMD6. Mechanistically, FRMD6 interacts and colocalizes with mTOR and S6K, which are the key molecules of the mTOR signaling pathway. FRMD6 markedly enhances the interaction between mTOR and S6K, subsequently increasing the levels of endogenous pS6K and downstream pS6 in lung cancer cells. Furthermore, knocking out FRMD6 inhibits the activation of the mTOR signaling pathway in Frmd6^-/- gene KO MEFs and mice. Altogether, our results show that FRMD6 contributes to lung cancer progression by activating the mTOR signaling pathway.