ObjectiveTo evaluate the therapeutic effect of Shenji Guben prescription （SJGB） on chronic obstructive pulmonary disease （COPD） in mice and to explore its potential therapeutic mechanism via transcriptomics. MethodsA mouse model of COPD was established by combined exposure to lipopolysaccharide （LPS） and cigarette smoke. C57BL/6J mice were randomly allocated into a control group， a model group， an acetylcysteine （78 mg·kg^-1·d^-1） group， and low- （7.5 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， medium- （15 g·kg^-1·d^-1）， and high-dose （30 g·kg^-1·d^-1） SJGB groups. After 13 weeks of modeling， oral administration was initiated and continued for 28 days. The therapeutic effects of SJGB were assessed based on body weight， lung function， lung tissue pathology， and inflammatory factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid （BALF）. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （UHPLC-MS/MS） was employed to identify the active ingredients in SJGB. Transcriptomic profiling of lung tissue was performed by RNA-seq to identify differentially expressed genes （DEGs）， followed by gene ontology （GO） enrichment analysis， Kyotoencyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） enrichment analysis， Gene Set Enrichment Analysis （GSEA）， and protein-protein interaction （PPI） network construction. Key genes were further validated by Western blot and Real‑time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR）. ResultsAfter drug intervention， the final body weights of mice in medium- and high-dose SJGB groups were higher than those in the model group （P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， SJGB groups demonstrated a significant decrease in expiratory time （Te）， along with increases in peak expiratory flow （PEF）， 50% expiratory flow （EF50）， tidal volume （TV）， and expiratory volume （EV） （P<0.05）. High-dose SJGB ameliorated pathological changes in the lung tissue， reduced peribronchial inflammation scores， and decreased mean linear intercept （MLI） （P<0.01）. Compared with the model group， medium- and high-dose SJGB groups showed reductions in interleukin-6 （IL-6） and interleukin-1β （IL-1β） levels （P<0.01）. UHPLC-MS/MS revealed that the five most abundant components in SJGB were （S）-actinidine， ephedrine， pyroglutamic acid， methylephedrine， and coumarin. Transcriptomic analysis revealed 219 DEGs regulated by SJGB， suggesting that the anti-COPD effects of SJGB may be mediated through key genes such as cluster of differentiation 68 （CD68）， integrin subunit alpha X （ITGAX）， and cathepsin S （CTSS）， primarily involved in the lysosomal pathway. Western blot and Real-time PCR results confirmed that SJGB inhibited the expression of CD68， ITGAX， and CTSS compared with the model group （P<0.05）. ConclusionSJGB effectively improved the lung function and attenuated lung tissue inflammation in the mouse model of COPD by modulating the lysosomal pathway and related genes including CD68， ITGAX， and CTSS.

The recombinant human thyroid-stimulating hormone (rhTSH) can be used for differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) preparation before ¹³¹I therapy, and follow-up. Since its approval by the American Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1998, rhTSH has been clinically used in European countries, the United States, and other countries for nearly 30 years. In April 2024, China’s first independently developed rhTSH agent was approved. Based on clinical experience and evidence from domestic and international studies, an expert consensus on the application of rhTSH has been developed following thorough consultations among experts. The consensus offers evidence-based recommendations to guide the appropriate use of rhTSH in clinical practice.

Objective: To investigate the association between parenting styles and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in preschool children，so as to provide a basis for family based interventions for ADHD in the population. Methods: Between August and December 2023, a random cluster sampling method was used to recruit 6 454 preschool children from 60 kindergartens in two counties/districts in Wuhu City, Anhui Province. The Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham Rating Scale, version IV was used to assess ADHD symptoms, and the Caregiver Parenting Style Questionnaire was applied to collect data on parenting styles. Multivariate Logistic regression was used to analyze the associations between parenting styles and ADHD subtypes. Results: Among the preschool children, 235 were screened positive for ADHD, with a positivity rate of 3.64%. Parenting style scores were as follows:indulgent parenting for 8.00 (7.00, 10.00), authoritative parenting for 38.00 (33.00, 41.00), permissive parenting for 14.00 (11.00, 17.00), authoritarian parenting for 17.00 (14.00, 20.00), and inconsistent parenting 10.00 (7.00, 12.00). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjustment for confounding factors such as childrens sex, age, and family characteristics, preschool children with authoritarian parenting style were associated with higher odds of hyperactive ( OR = 1.13 ) and combined ADHD subtypes ( OR =1.11), while those with inconsistent parenting style were associated with higher odds of the inattentive subtype ( OR =1.09) (all P <0.01). Indulgent, democratic and permissive parenting styles showed no statistically significant associations with any ADHD subtype ( OR =1.02-1.07, 0.98-1.00, 1.01-1.03, all P >0.05). Conclusions Parenting styles are closely associated with the occurrence and subtypes of ADHD in preschool children. Authoritarian and inconsistent parenting styles are potential risk factors for ADHD in preschool children, and modifying adverse parenting styles may serve as an important strategy for family based interventions for ADHD in preschool children.

Professor Zou Yunxiang proposed the"kidney essence theory"in 1955,which believes that the kidney,as an important excretory organ in the human body,participates in the body's metabolism,and the basis for producing this effect is the essence of the kidney.Subsequently,the Zou nephrology team established the core medical technique of"tonifying the kidney element"based on this foundation,constructed a system of syndrome differentiation and treatment for chronic kidney disease,proposed the traditional Chinese medicine names,causes,and mechanisms of chronic kidney disease,as well as four major methods for diagnosing and treating chronic kidney disease,and developed representative drugs representing the core medical technique of"tonifying the kidney element"-Huang-zhi Yishen Capsules and Shenwu Yishen Tablets.In addition,the Zou nephrology team has extensively applied and promoted the core medical technique of"tonifying the kidney element".

Objective To explore the disinfection effect of periodic hypochlorous acid infusion on water supply pipelines.Methods Water specimens from 6 water outlets of central sterile supply department were collected at baseline for microbial culture.After introducing a slightly acidic hypochlorous acid water generator,water speci-mens were collected every 10 days.Continuous disinfection with hypochlorous acid was carried out on the 1st-3rd day,and discontinued on the 4th-10th day.Water specimens of 6 water outlets were collected on the 1st,4th,7th,and 10th day of each cycle,in total 3 cycles.Microbial culture and metagenomic next-generation sequencing(mNGS)analysis were conducted simultaneously on all water specimens from the outlets of the endoscope cleaning tank.Results Before disinfection of the pipeline,a total of 18 bottles of water specimens were collected.Bacterial count of water specimens from 10 bottles(55.56％)was between 102 and 104 CFU/mL,mainly Sphingomonas ad-hesins and Bacillus cereus.After disinfection,only 2 out of 72 water specimens(2.78％)exceeded the bacterial lim-it.The mNGS results showed that three most dominant bacterial genera in the pre-disinfection water specimens were Sphingomonas,Methylobacterium,and Ralstonia,with stringent mapped reads number(SMRN)ranging from 10 000 to 100 000;while the most dominant bacterial genera in post-disinfection water specimens were Lacto-baci-llus,Ralstonia,Acinetobacter,and Bradyrhizobium.PCoA analysis showed that there was a statistically sig-nificant difference in β-diversity of water specimens before and after disinfection(P＜0.05).Conclusion Periodic hypochlorous acid infusion disinfection can effectively remove bacterial biofilms in water pipelines,but there is a risk of bacterial biofilm recovery during disinfection suspension.In the future,monitoring and management of medical water should be strengthened.

Professor Zou Yunxiang proposed the"kidney essence theory"in 1955,which believes that the kidney,as an important excretory organ in the human body,participates in the body's metabolism,and the basis for producing this effect is the essence of the kidney.Subsequently,the Zou nephrology team established the core medical technique of"tonifying the kidney element"based on this foundation,constructed a system of syndrome differentiation and treatment for chronic kidney disease,proposed the traditional Chinese medicine names,causes,and mechanisms of chronic kidney disease,as well as four major methods for diagnosing and treating chronic kidney disease,and developed representative drugs representing the core medical technique of"tonifying the kidney element"-Huang-zhi Yishen Capsules and Shenwu Yishen Tablets.In addition,the Zou nephrology team has extensively applied and promoted the core medical technique of"tonifying the kidney element".

Objective The aim of this study is to discuss the causal relationship between periodontal disease(PD)and prostate cancer(PCa).Methods A two-sample bidirectional Mendelian randomization(MR)analysis based on publicly statistical data from genome-wide association studies(GWAS)was conducted.MR Egger,weighted medium,simple mode and weighted mode were supplemented,while inverse variance weighted analysis(IVW)was the main method of analysis.Heterogeneity testing,pleiotropy testing and leave-one-out testing were used to assess the sensitivity and stabili-ty.Results The results of MR analysis showed that PD had no significant impact on the occurrence of PCa:East Asian(IVW,PD:OR=1.07,P=0.48);European(IVW,PD:OR=1.00,P=0.37,periodontitis:OR=1.03,P=0.14,chronic gingivitis:OR=0.99,P=0.37,chronic periodontitis:OR=1.03,P=0.22).The reverse MR analysis also did not show a causal relationship between PCa and PD:East Asian(IVW,PD:OR=0.97,P=0.22);European(IVW,PD:OR=0.84,P=0.44,periodontitis:OR=1.01,P=0.75,chronic gingivitis:OR=0.93,P=0.23,chronic periodontitis:OR=0.99,P=0.80).The results of other analysis were consistent with those of IVW analysis.Conclusions The results of our two-sample bidirectional MR analysis do not support a causal relationship between PD and PCa.

AIM To compare the chemical constituents in traditional decoction and formula granule decoction of classical famous prescription Wendan Decoction.METHODS The HPLC fingerprints were established,after which the contents of adenosine,synephrine,liquiritin,naringin,hesperidin,6-gingerol and adenosine cyclophosphate were determined,cluster analysis,principal component analysis and multidimensional scaling analysis were adopted in the investigation of component differences,and the equivalent of formula granules was adjusted.RESULTS The similarities of HPLC fingerprints for 10 batches of traditional decoctions were higher than those of HPLC fingerprints for 9 batches of formula granule decoctions(P＜0.01).Adenosine,synephrine,liquiritin,hesperidin and cyclic adenosine monophosphate demonstrated higher contents in traditional decoctions than those in formula granule decoctions(P＜0.05),6-gingerol displayed lower content than that in the latter produced by manufacturers A,C(P＜0.05),which was higher than that in the latter produced by manufacturer B(P＜0.01).Various batches of traditional decoctions and formula granule decoctions could be obviously distinguished,adenosine,synephrine and hesperidin exhibited great influences on the classification of principal component analysis,and the quality of formula granule decoctions produced by manufacturer C was closer to that of traditional decoctions.After equivalent correction,the contents of various constituents in formula granule decoctions produced by manufacturers A,C showed no significant differences as compared with those in traditional decoction(P＞0.05).CONCLUSION The formula granules of Wendan Decoction from different manufacturers exist quality differences,so the preparation process and extraction process of this preparation should be optimized to improve quality,and equivalent ratio should be adjusted according to actual requirements to ensure its scientific and rational clinical application.

Objective:To develop a treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with multiple myeloma (MM) and to test its reliability and validity.Methods:The initial scale was constructed through a literature search, Delphi expert correspondence, and cognitive testing. This study conducted a preliminary survey of 379 patients with MM and a formal survey of 865 patients from the hematology departments of 155 hospitals nationwide from February 2024 to March 2024. The final scale was obtained after conducting item analysis and reliability and validity tests on the initial scale.Results:The constructed scale contains 36 items covering six domains: physiological, psychological, social, treatment side effects, general health, and others. In the preliminary survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.597 to 0.939, and the test-retest reliability was 0.747 ( P<0.001). Exploratory factor analysis extracted eight common factors with a cumulative variance contribution of 60.058%. In the formal survey, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of each item ranged from 0.484 to 0.930, and the test-retest reliability was 0.835 ( P<0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis revealed a comparative fit index of 0.750, a root-mean-square error of approximation of 0.090, and a root-mean-square residual of 0.067. Conclusion:The treatment-related quality of life scale for Chinese patients with MM designed in this study exhibited good reliability and validity, reflecting the impact of treatment on the quality of life of patients. This scale can provide a reference to clinicians for assessing the disease status of patients.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.