Autism spectrum disorder(ASD),characterized by unknown etiology and high heterogeneity,ne-cessitates precise diagnostic and intervention strategies.Neuroimaging techniques have shown great promise in un-covering the neural mechanisms of ASD,providing a foundation for aided diagnosis and transcranial magnetic stim-ulation(TMS)interventions.This review highlights that integrating multimodal neuroimaging and developing indi-vidualized indices with developmental specificity can significantly improve the accuracy of ASD diagnosis and clas-sification.Furthermore,TMS interventions guided by functional connectivity derived from functional magnetic reso-nance imaging(fMRI)offer a personalized approach to ASD treatment.

Autism spectrum disorder(ASD),characterized by unknown etiology and high heterogeneity,ne-cessitates precise diagnostic and intervention strategies.Neuroimaging techniques have shown great promise in un-covering the neural mechanisms of ASD,providing a foundation for aided diagnosis and transcranial magnetic stim-ulation(TMS)interventions.This review highlights that integrating multimodal neuroimaging and developing indi-vidualized indices with developmental specificity can significantly improve the accuracy of ASD diagnosis and clas-sification.Furthermore,TMS interventions guided by functional connectivity derived from functional magnetic reso-nance imaging(fMRI)offer a personalized approach to ASD treatment.

Objective To explore the efficacy of vaginal lesion resection combined with uterine wall repair in the treatment of cesarean scar pregnancy(CSP)after cesarean section.Methods A total of 122 patients with CSP admitted to our hospital were selected and randomly divided into the control group(61 cases)and the observation group(61 cases).Patients in the control group were treated with uterine artery chemoembolization(UACE)combined with ultrasound-guided curettage,while patients in the observation group were treated with vaginal lesion resection combined with uterine wall repair.The perioperative index,serum beta-human chorionic gonadotropin(β-hCG)levels before surgery and 3 days,5 days,and 7 days after surgery,clinical efficacy,and complications of patients between the groups were compared.Results The operation time of patients in the observation group was significantly longer than that in the control group(P<0.05),and the amount of intraoperative blood loss,hospitalization cost,vaginal bleeding time,time to menstruation recovery,mass disappearance time,β-hCG normalizing time,and hospitalization time of patients in the observation group were significantly less/shorter than those in the control group(P<0.05).The serum β-hCG levels of patients 3 days,5 days and 7 days after surgery in both groups were lower compared with those before surgery,and the observation group was lower than the control group,with statistically significant differences(P<0.05).The total effective rate in the observation group was 96.72%,significantly higher than that of 85.25%in the control group(P<0.05).The incidence of vaginal bleeding and surrounding tissue injury in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion The combination of vaginal lesion resection and uterine wall repair for the treatment of CSP can reduce the amount of intraoperative blood loss,reduce the serum β-hCG levels and the incidence of complications,improve clinical treatment efficacy,and promote recovery of patients.

Objective To explore the material basis and mechanism of the Chinese medicine Dingqing tablets in the treatment of leukemia.Methods The potential active ingredients of Dingqing tablets were retrieved through TCMSP and HERB Database and the targets of herbs were screened by Swiss TargetPrediction databases.The treatment targets of leukemia were searched from the GeneCards,OMIM and Disgenet databases.The protein-protein interaction network was used to construct the interactive target regulation function of Dingqing tablets and leukemia by STRING software,and the core subnetworks were filtered by the MCODE plug-in.A component-target pathway network was constructed by GO and KEGG enrichment analysis of the highest scoring Gene cluster 1 gene in the DAVID database.Molecular docking of the active components and core targets of Dingqing tablets was performed by AutoDock and the results were visualized.Results A total of 82 active ingredients and 439 targets of action of Dingqing tablets,and 1 878 leukemia-related targets were obtained through database retrieval,in which 169 common targets of active ingredients and diseases were mapped.Based on the degree values,the main active ingredients were determined as quercetin,luteolin,kaempferol,etc.The PPI core network indicated that the key targets for treating leukemia included TP53,MMP9,TNF,AKT1,CASP3,etc.The gene enrichment analysis of sub-networks and the component-target pathway network diagram showed that Dingqing tablets might exert therapeutic effects on leukemia by regulating signaling pathways such as TNF and IL-17.The molecular docking results showed fairly strong binding activity between the active ingredients and the targets.Conclusion The active ingredients of Dingqing tablets may participate in TNF,IL-17,and other signaling pathways by regulating genes such as TP53,AKT1,and CASP3,thereby exerting therapeutic effects on leukemia.

Objective: To analyze the clinical characteristics of neonatal tracheotomy in neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). Methods: This single-center retrospective study included 14 neonates admitted to NICU of Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from January 2016 to August 2021, and were<28 days of age on admission, who met the criteria of tracheotomy and finally completed the procedure. The clinical characteristics including age, weight, duration of ventilation, etiology of tracheotomy, length of hospital stay and prognosis were summarized and analyzed. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the weight gain velocity and the duration of ventilation before and after tracheotomy. Paired t-test was used to compare the hospitalization length before and after tracheotomy. Spearman correlation was used to analyze the correlation between the clinical characteristics and outcomes. Results: For the 14 neonates, the gestational age was (38±4) weeks and birth weight was (2 824±949) g. Nine of them were male. The age on transportation was 16 (6, 25) d. A total of 10 neonates were on invasive ventilation on admission, the other 4 were on nasal continuous positive airway pressure support. Bilateral vocal cord paralysis (7 cases) was the commonest cause of tracheotomy. The age on operation was 33 (22, 44) d. There were statistically significant differences in duration of ventilation and weight gain velocity before and after operation (19.00 (10.50, 34.00) vs. 0.86 (0.06, 3.25) d, 1.66 (-0.16, 5.54) vs. 4.69 (2.30, 9.32) g/(kg·d), Z=3.01 and -1.98, both P<0.05). The total hospital stay in NICU was (37±12) d. One neonate died during hospitalization. The existence of pneumonia on admission was positively correlated to NICU stay length (r=0.57, P=0.027), the pre-operational weight gain velocity was negatively correlated to the post-operational NICU stay length (r=-0.73, P=0.020). There were 4 neonates de-cannulated during 7-38 months after the tracheotomy, and 5 neonates still wearing the tracheal cannulation during 15-66 months after the tracheotomy. Two neonates died and 2 neonates lost follow-up after discharge. All neonates could not vocalize normally before de-cannulation, and the language development obviously lagged behind the normal age group after de-cannulation. Conclusions: Bilateral vocal cord paralysis is the commonest cause of neonatal tracheotomy. The benefit of tracheotomy for NICU neonates with surgical indications is obvious, especially in facilitating extubation and improving weight gain.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Intensive Care Units, Neonatal ; Male ; Retrospective Studies ; Tracheotomy ; Vocal Cord Paralysis ; Weight Gain

Objectives: To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of neonates with upper airway obstruction (UAO) who were admitted via transportation, hence to provide more evidence-based information for the clinical management of UAO. Methods: This was a single center retrospective study. Patients were hospitalized in Beijing Children's Hospital from January 1, 2016 to May 31, 2021 with age <28 days or postmenstrual age (PMA) ≤44 weeks, and UAO as the first diagnosis. The general information of patients, obstructed sites in the upper airway, treatment, complications and prognosis were analyzed. The outcomes of surgical UAO vs. non-surgical UAO were analyzed by 2 by 2 χ² test. Results: A total of 111 cases were analyzed (2.3% of the total NICU hospitalized 4 826 infants in the same period), in which 62 (55.9%) were boys and 101 (91.0%) were term infants, and their gestational age was (38.7±2.0) weeks, birth weight (3 207±585) g, PMA on admission (40.8±2.5) weeks and weight on admission was (3 221±478) g. There were 92 cases (82.9%) with symptoms of UAO presenting on postnatal day 1, and 35 cases (31.5%) had extra-uterine growth retardation on admission. The diagnosis of UAO and the obstructive site was confirmed in 25 cases (22.5%) before transportation. There were 24 cases (21.6%), 71 cases (64.0%), and 16 cases (14.4%) who had UAO due to nasal, throat, and neck problems, respectively. The top 5 diagnosis of UAO were vocal cord paralysis (28 cases), bilateral choanal atresia (20 cases), laryngomalacia (15 cases), pharynx and larynx cysts (7 cases), and subglottic hemangioma (6 cases). The diagnosis and treatment of all the patients followed a multidisciplinary approach consisted of neonatal intensive care unit, ear-nose-throat department and medical image departments. A total of 102 cases (91.9%) underwent both bronchofiberscope and fiber nasopharyngoscope investigation. Seventy cases (63.1%) required ventilation. Among the 58 cases (52.3%) who required surgical intervention, 16 had tracheotomy. For cases with vs. without surgical intervention, the rate of cure and (or) improvement were 94.8% (55/58) vs. 54.7% (29/53), and the rate of being discharged against medical arrangement were 1.7% (1/58) vs. 45.3% (24/53) (χ²=24.21 and 30.11, both P<0.01). Conclusions: Neonatal UAO may locate at various sites of the upper airway. The overall prognosis of neonatal UAO is favorable. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary for efficient evaluation and appropriate surgical intervention.
Airway Obstruction/therapy* ; Child ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pharynx ; Retrospective Studies ; Trachea

Objective:To understand the swallowing function of the elderly in welfare homes of Wenzhou City，Zhejiang Province and to analyze the related factors of swallowing dysfunction. Methods:A total of 507 elderly people aged 60 years and over were surveyed by questionnaires in three welfare homes of Wenzhou City from January 2018 to January 2020.Hinds time-limited water drinking test was used to screen dysphagia. Multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the related factors of swallowing dysfunction. Results:The incidence of swallowing dysfunction was 26.04% （132 out of 507）. Univariate analysis showed that there were significant differences in the incidence of swallowing dysfunction among the elderly in terms of age， spouse condition， self-care ability， health status， taking sleeping pills， cerebrovascular disease， nervous system disease and depression （P<0.05）. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the following factors were related to swallowing dysfunction among the elderly： age ≥80 years old， taking sleeping pills， cerebrovascular diseases， nervous system diseases and depression. Conclusion:The incidence of swallowing dysfunction in elderly people in welfare homes of Wenzhou City is high， especially those aged ≥80 years who need more attention. In addition， taking sleeping pills， cerebrovascular diseases， nervous system diseases and depression all increase the risk of swallowing dysfunction. Corresponding preventive and intervention measures should be formulated.