To investigate the role of the DPP4-nestin axis in liver fibrosis induced by alveolar cyst infection,a murine model was established using C57BL/6 mice via hepatic portal vein injection.Liver histopathological changes were assessed using HE staining,while immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence were employed to evaluate the expression levels of nestin and DPP4 in infected mouse livers.In vitro,J S1 cell line was stimulated with recombinant DPP4 protein to es-tablish a cellular model,and qPCR,Western blot,and shRNA lentivirus interference techniques were utilized to examine the involvement of the DPP4-nestin axis in hepatic stellate cell activation.The findings demonstrated that compared to the Sham group,liver tissue structure disruption and collagen deposition were evident along with significantly increased expressions of nestin and DPP4(P＜0.050 0),which colocalized with nesin and α-SMA.Furthermore,stimulation with recombi-nant DPP4 protein significantly enhanced JS1 cell activation(P＜0.050 0)as well as upregulated nestin expression(P＜0.050 0)when compared to control group cells.Notably,shRNA lentivirus-mediated inhibition of nestin expression effectively suppressed the activating effects exerted by re-combinant DPP4 protein on JS1 cells(P＜0.050 0).Collectively,these results highlight the crucial regulatory role played by the DPP4-nestin axis in hepatic stellate cell activation triggered by alveo-lar infection;thus,targeting this axis may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for treating alveo-lar infection-induced liver fibrosis.

The success of"New Medical Sciences"in higher education requires effective tools in evalua-ting students'performance in courses.Previously,we reported a teamwork(T),critique(C)and ap-preciation(A)(TCA)ideological and political model,a teaching model widely applied in Basic Medical courses.TCA is an abbreviation derived from Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle in Biochemistry as an analogy for nurturing the abilities of thinking and teamwork(T),critique(C)and appreciation(A),which hope-fully could provide students with moral norms for cognition,science and life.This paper further explores the tools to assess the educational outcomes of the TCA model,by which teachers can collect feedback and reflect on teaching quality and effectiveness.Addressing the challenges of individual differences in large classes,fragmented learning feedback,and the difficulty of measuring meta-cognition in educational evaluation,this study employs strategies of value-added assessment,matrix assessment and norm-transfer-able assessment to evaluate the TCA abilities from the aspects of thinking quality,thinking creativity,co-operation ability,iterative thinking,dialectical thinking and job responsibility.By modifying/using 18 e-valuation tools in Education and Psychology,we have established a rubric system composed of 30 primary indicators(with 11 newly designed,10 partly modified and 9 directly adopted),along with 49 secondary indicators and 98 tertiary indicators to enhance the feasibility of the evaluation process.This rubric sys-tem was applied to Biochemistry teaching among the five-year-program undergraduates at Air Force Medi-cal University.Specifically,thinking and teamwork are evaluated by creative works from"the magic bio-chemical-circle",while critiques are assessed in large classes under the guidance of basic and clinical teachers,coupled with appreciation measured by job responsibility in a task-driven virtual reality(VR)project.The results indicate that Biochemistry teaching not only accumulates knowledge in students,but also achieves the goals in nurturing values and cognition.The inclusion of creative performance evalua-tion,cooperative learning and clinical case studies,can enhance students'interpersonal skills,coopera-tion,quality of thinking,creative thinking,iterative thinking and dialectical thinking to varying degrees.TCA-based Biochemistry teaching has a long-lasting impact on character education,and is capable of in-ducing positive long-term changes in students'cognition and lifestyle.Taken together,with the help of this rubric system,teachers can promptly acknowledge the effectiveness of their teaching,thereby facilita-ting their teaching strategies.

Abnormal expression of CMTM4 protein is closely related to tumour occurrence,development and prognosis.Although the important role of CMTM4 in tumours has been gradually manifested,its spe-cific mechanism of action in cervical cancer remains unclear.The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between CMTM4 expression and clinicopathological features in cervical cancer and study its mechanism.Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression level of CMTM4 in cancer tissues and paracancerous tissues,and it was found that CMTM4 was significantly under-ex-pressed in cervical cancer tissues(P＜0.001).The chi-square test analysed the relationship between high and low CMTM4 expression and the clinical and pathological characteristics of cervical cancer pa-tients and results found that CMTM4 expression was correlated with the number of births,HPV infection status,pathological type,FIGO stage and lymph node metastasis.Data from Western blot and RT-qPCR found that CMTM4 protein and mRNA levels in HaCaT cells were significantly higher than that of C-33A cells,HeLa cells,U14 cells,and HT-3 cells.Among them,the most significant change in CMTM4 ex-pression was observed in C-33A cells,so the C-33A cell line was selected for subsequent overexpression experiments.CCK-8 analysis found that the proliferation ability of C-33A cervical cancer cells in the pcDNA-CMTM4 group was significantly lower than that in the pcDNA-NC group(P＜0.001).Flow cy-tometry and Western blot results indicated that CMTM4 overexpression promoted apoptosis(P＜0.001),significantly increased Bax(P＜0.001)and cleaved caspase 3(P＜0.05)protein levels,and significant-ly decreased Bcl-2 protein level(P＜0.01).Western blot results further found that CMTM4 overexpres-sion significantly reduced the protein levels of p-PI3K(P＜0.001)and p-AKT(P＜0.01),but did not affect the protein levels of PI3K and AKT(P＞0.05).The above findings indicated that CMTM4 gene expression was down-regulated in cervical cancer,and CMTM4 overexpression inhibited cervical cancer cell proliferation and induced apoptosis by inhibiting the PI3K/AKT pathway.Therefore,CMTM4 may be used as a biological marker for screening cervical cancer.

Objective To explore the association between psychological resilience and internet addiction among senior primary school students,so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating strategies for preventing internet addiction and enhancing psychological resilience in this group.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was employed.In May 2021,a total of 1 618 fourth-and fifth-grade students from 5 primary schools in Jiading District,Shanghai were surveyed on psychological resilience and internet addiction through questionnaires.Independent sample t-tests,chi-square tests,and Logistic regression models were used for data analysis.Results Among the 1 618 students,the prevalence rate of internet addiction was 8.8%(142 students).The total score of psychological resilience(t=6.215,P<0.001)and the scores of three dimensions,namely family support(t=3.509,P<0.001),goal focus(t=6.965,P<0.001),and positive perception(t=5.887,P<0.001),of those reported with internet addiction were all significantly lower than those without internet addiction.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with individuals with low psychological resilience,those with moderate(aOR=0.395,95%CI:0.267-0.584,P<0.001)and high psychological resilience(aOR=0.167,95%CI:0.077-0.365,P<0.001)had a lower probability of internet addiction.The three sub-dimensions of psychological resilience,namely goal focus,positive perception and family support,also showed a statistically significant negative association with internet addiction in these students.Conclusion Nearly one-tenth senior primary school students in Jiading District self-reported internet addiction.Higher levels of psychological resilience were associated with a lower probability of internet addiction among senior primary school students.Focusing on enhancing the goal focus,positive perception and family support dimensions in psychological resilience may be of great significance for preventing internet addiction among senior primary school students.

Objective To explore the effect of evening primrose oil(EPO)on aortic endothelial damage in rats with polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS),using network pharmacology and in vivo experiments.Methods The potential targets of EPO for improving aortic endothelial injury in PCOS rats were predicted by network pharmacology,and the selected core targets and renin-angiotensin signaling(RAS)pathway were verified by experiments.Fifty-eight female SD rats were divided randomly into a blank group(n=10)and a modeling group(n=48).Rats in the blank group were fed a normal diet and rats in the modeling group received a high-fat diet for 8 weeks.The PCOS model was prepared at week 6 by administration of letrozole(1 mg/(kg·d))for 21 days.Blood was taken from the tail vein after modeling and serum was collected to detect hormone levels.The model rats were then divided randomly into four groups and treated with the corresponding drugs for 6 weeks.Blood,blood vessels,and ovaries were then collected.Tissue morphology was examined by hematoxylin and eosin staining and serum levels of luteinizing hormone(LH),testosterone(T),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),endothelin(ET-1),and tumor necrosis factor(TNF-α)were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Serum levels of nitric oxide(NO)were determined by spectrophotometry.Protein expression levels of core targets and RAS pathway-related factors were assessed by western blotting and immunohistochemistry.Results Twenty-five intersection targets of EPO and PCOS were identified by network pharmacological analysis.Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis showed that EPO improved vascular injury in PCOS rats via multiple pathways,including RAS.Serum levels of ET-1,FSH,LH,and T measured by ELISA were significantly decreased after EPO treatment,compared with the model group(P＜0.01).EPO significantly decreased the expression levels of Ang Ⅰ,VEGF-B,AT2R,ET-1,and TNF-α proteins in the aorta(P＜0.01)and significantly increased expression levels of Ang Ⅱ,CD31,and endothelial NO synthase proteins(P＜0.01).Conclusions EPO may ameliorate vascular endothelial injury in PCOS model rats by inhibiting the RAS signaling pathway and by overactivation of the ACE/Ang Ⅱ/AT1 axis.

OBJECTIVE To formulate an expert consensus on the prevention and control of respiratory infectious diseases in railway stations and trains in China,and to standardize the prevention and control of respiratory infec-tious diseases in railway stations and trains scientifically.METHODS The government authorities organized multi-ple prevention and control experts from transportation,medical care and prevention fields to conduct in-depth re-search through methods such as meetings and on-site investigations,and combined with their practical experi-ence in this field to formulate this expert consensus.RESULTS In-depth studies were conducted on the prevention and control strategies,measures and emergency response system construction of respiratory infectious diseases in railway stations and trains,and this expert consensus was formed.CONCLUSION This expert consensus supple-ments improves the existing prevention and control system for respiratory infectious diseases in railway stations and trains,and provides an important reference basis for the prevention and control of respiratory infectious disea-ses in railway stations and trains.

Objective This research was performed to identify rodent-borne pathogens in Hekou Port,Yunnan Province.Methods Rodents were captured using cages and dissected to collect their lungs,liver,spleen,and other viscera.Eight pathogens,including Yersinia pestis,Leptospira,Bartonella,and Anaplasmataceae,were identified using polymerase chain reaction amplification.Amplified pathogen sequences from positive samples were sequenced,and BLAST homology searches were conducted using GenBank to confirm pathogen identities.A phylogenetic tree of the identified pathogens was constructed using the neighbor joining method.Results The total of 31 rodents,identified as Rattus tanezumi,R.norvegicus,and Mus musculus,were captured.Among these,R.tanezumi was the dominant species,accounting for 64.52％of the total.Two pathogens,Leptospira interrogans and Neoehrlichia mikurensis,were detected,with positivity rates of 9.68％and 29.03％,respectively.No other pathogens were detected.The overall positivity rate for rodent-borne pathogens was 35.48％.Conclusions The single 16S rRNA gene fragment is insufficient for the molecular identification of all Neoehrlichia species.Accurate species identification should be based on a combined analysis of multiple genes.The prevalence of rodent-borne pathogens in Hekou Port indicates the necessity for enhanced surveillance of rodent-borne diseases and implementation of additional prevention and control measures in border ports.

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective To explore the association between psychological resilience and internet addiction among senior primary school students,so as to provide a scientific basis for formulating strategies for preventing internet addiction and enhancing psychological resilience in this group.Methods A stratified cluster sampling method was employed.In May 2021,a total of 1 618 fourth-and fifth-grade students from 5 primary schools in Jiading District,Shanghai were surveyed on psychological resilience and internet addiction through questionnaires.Independent sample t-tests,chi-square tests,and Logistic regression models were used for data analysis.Results Among the 1 618 students,the prevalence rate of internet addiction was 8.8%(142 students).The total score of psychological resilience(t=6.215,P<0.001)and the scores of three dimensions,namely family support(t=3.509,P<0.001),goal focus(t=6.965,P<0.001),and positive perception(t=5.887,P<0.001),of those reported with internet addiction were all significantly lower than those without internet addiction.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that compared with individuals with low psychological resilience,those with moderate(aOR=0.395,95%CI:0.267-0.584,P<0.001)and high psychological resilience(aOR=0.167,95%CI:0.077-0.365,P<0.001)had a lower probability of internet addiction.The three sub-dimensions of psychological resilience,namely goal focus,positive perception and family support,also showed a statistically significant negative association with internet addiction in these students.Conclusion Nearly one-tenth senior primary school students in Jiading District self-reported internet addiction.Higher levels of psychological resilience were associated with a lower probability of internet addiction among senior primary school students.Focusing on enhancing the goal focus,positive perception and family support dimensions in psychological resilience may be of great significance for preventing internet addiction among senior primary school students.

Objective　To analyse the crude detection rate and trends of newly detected HIV/AIDS cases in medical institutions in China from 2017 to 2023, and to provide a reference for optimizing HIV testing strategies in medical institutions. Methods　Data on HIV testing and newly reported HIV/AIDS cases were analysed using data from the Comprehensive AIDS Prevention and Control Information System of the China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention for the period from 2017 to 2023. HIV testing in medical institutions includes patients tested preoperatively, those tested before transfusion, those tested in sexually transmitted disease (STD) clinics, prenatal care clinics, and other types of patients. Descriptive statistical analysis and χ2 test were performed using SAS 9.4 software. Joinpoint regression was performed using Joinpoint 4.9.0 software to analyse trends of the crude detection rates over time. Results　From 2017 to 2023, the person-times of HIV tests in medical institutions increased from 143 million to 255 million, with an increase of 78.07%. The number of newly detected HIV/AIDS cases increased from 74 000 to 88 000 and then declined to 69 000. The crude detection rate of new HIV/AIDS cases declined from 5.18/10 000 to 2.71/10 000, showed a declining trend, the mean annual percentage change was -9.99%(P<0.001). The crude detection rate of new HIV/AIDS cases in STD clinics was the highest among all types of clinic visits (12.79/10 000-24.47/10 000), and the crude detection rate of new cases among all types of clinic visits showed a decreasing trend(P<0.05). Among different medical institutions, general hospitals were the most important source of the number of tests and the number of newly detected HIV/AIDS cases, accounting for more than 62.93% and 62.68%, respectively. Specialised medical institutions had the highest crude detection rate of new cases, which was maintained at more than 5.13/10 000. The crude detection rate of new cases for all four types of medical institutions, except for primary medical institutions, showed a decreasing trend (P<0.05). Conclusions　The detection rate of new cases in medical institutions showed a decreasing trend in 2017-2023, and the efficiency of STD clinics testing and detection was higher among all types of attendees. General hospitals are the main source of new cases detection, and testing in specialised medical institutions is more efficient. Testing should be strengthened in key groups of patients and in key medical institutions.