Objective To investigate the distribution characteristics of Oncomelania hupensis snails in Yunnan Province fol-lowing interruption of schistosomiasis transmission, so as to provide the evidence for assessing the risk of schistosomiasis transmission and scientifically formulating the schistosomiasis surveillance program. Methods According to the requirements of the National Schistosomiasis Surveillance Scheme (2020 Edition), O. hupensis snail surveillance data were collected from 18 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (cities, districts) in Yunnan Province from 2020 to 2024, including area of snail survey, area of snail habitats, area of re-emerging snail habitats, number of frames surveyed, number of frames with O. hupensis snails, number of O. hupensis snails captured, and number of living snails, and the occurrence of frames with snails and mean density of living snails were calculated. Changes in snail status over the 5-year period from 2020 to 2024 and the differences in snail distributions specified by epidemic intensity, environmental type, and vegetation type were analyzed. Results The areas of snail survey increased from 1 727.96 hm² in 2020 to 3 894.45 hm² in 2024 (peak) across 18 schistosomiasis-endemic counties (cities, districts) in Yunnan Province during the period from 2020 through 2024. The areas of snail habitats increased from 70.36 hm² in 2020 to a peak in 2023 (172.04 hm²), followed by a reduction to 132.36 hm² in 2024, and the areas of re-emerging snail habitats increased from 42.71 hm² in 2020 to a peak in 2022 (78.43 hm²), followed by a reduction to 40.21 hm² in 2024. The occurrence of frames with snails and mean density of living snails increased from 1.24% (3 025/244 404) and (0.033 2 ± 0.038 7) snails/0.1 m² in 2020 to peaks at 2.03% (6 231/307 563) and (0.066 9 ± 0.068 4) snails/0.1 m² in 2023, followed by reductions to 1.04% (5 829/559 941) and (0.032 6 ± 0.057 7) snails/0.1 m² in 2024, respectively. There was a significant difference in the occurrence of frames with snails over the 5-year study period (χ² = 1 962.95, P < 0.05), and the occurrence of frames with snails reduced by 48.71% in 2024 relative to in 2023 (χ² = 1 411.05, P < 0.005); however, there was no significant difference in the mean density of living snails over the 5 years (H = 5.310, P > 0.05). There were significant differences in the occurrence of frames with snails (χ² = 481.27, P < 0.05) and mean density of living snails (H = 6.872, P < 0.05) in schistosomiasis-endemic areas with different epidemic intensities. The occurrence of frames with snails (χ² = 25.32 and 38.70, both P values < 0.017) and mean density of living snails (Z = 28.55 and 49.96, both P values < 0.017) were higher in schistosomiasis transmission-interrupted and eliminated areas with snails than in schistosomiasis-eliminated areas without snails, and the occurrence of frames with snails (χ² = 453.54, P < 0.017) and mean density of living snails (Z = −56.97, P < 0.017) were higher in schistosomiasis-eliminated areas with snails than in schistosomiasis transmission-interrupted areas with snails. O. hupensis snails were mainly distributed in paddy fields, dry farmlands and ditches; however, the occurrence of frames with snails (13.40%, 424/3 164) and mean density of living snails [(0.252 8 ± 0.158 7) snails/0.1 m²] were higher in ponds/weirs than in other types of environments (both P values < 0.05). Rice, dry farmland crops and weeds were main vegetations in which O. hupensis snails were distributed, and the occurrence of frames with snails (2.29%, 7 111/310 140) and mean density of living snails [(0.072 3 ± 0.018 9) snails/0.1 m²] were higher in weeds than in other types of environments (both P values < 0.05). Conclusions O. hupensis snails have been effectively controlled in Yunnan Province following implementation of integrated schistosomiasis control measures; however, there are still risk factors for schistosomiasis transmission, including reduced attention to schistosomiasis control and snail re-emergence. Improved control efforts and surveillance system construction and timely identification of risk factors of snail status and timely management are recommended to ensure the achievement of the target of schistosomiasis elimination as scheduled.

Objective This study conducted molecular biological identification of the viruses carried by Culex pipiens pallens specimens collected in Shunyi District, Beijing in 2023, and observed the changes in the infection rate of the viruses carried by Cx. pipiens pallens at different collection times. Methods Cx. pipiens pallens were collected using carbon dioxide mosquito traps. The mosquito samples were ground in batches and analyzed by molecular biology technologies. The virus infection rate at different collection times was analyzed statistically. Results 17 strains of Culex pipiens pallens densovirus(CppDNV)were identified from Cx. pipiens pallens samples collected in Shunyi District, Beijing, in 2023. The nucleotide sequence analysis of the virus genome coding region showed that CppDNV was a single-stranded DNA virus with a total length of 3 335 nt, encoding 2 non-structural proteins(NS1, NS2)and 1 capsid protein(VP). The nucleotide(amino acid)sequence lengths of the three proteins were 2 376 nt(791 aa),1 092 nt(363 aa)and 1 071 nt(356 aa), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis showed that CppDNV was located in genus Brevihamaparvovirus. Statistical analysis showed no significant difference in infection rates across collection times(χ2=4.429, P=0.194). Conclusions CppDNV was identified in Cx. pipiens pallens in Beijing, and it was stably maintained in this natural population.

Objective:To describe the current status of responsive caregiving behavior of infant mothers,to analyze their influencing factors and pathways using the information-motivation-behavioral skills(IMB)model,and to provide a basis for further interventions related to responsive caregiving be-haviors and comprehensive promotion of early childhood development.Methods:This study was a cross-sectional survey using convenience sampling.Questionnaires were used to collect basic information about mothers and their infants,as well as data on mothers' responsive caregiving behavior,knowledge of re-sponsive caregiving,social support,and parenting self-efficacy.Multivariate linear regression models were employed to analyze the influencing factors of responsive caregiving behavior,and structural equa-tion modeling was used to analyze the pathways of these influencing factors.The criterion for inadequate responsive caregiving is defined as scores not exceeding the lower quartile(P25)of the total score.Results:Among 510 mothers of aged 0-12 months infants in Weifang City,the average score for respon-sive caregiving behavior was 16.41±3.99.The proportion of inadequate responsive caregiving was 25.7％.Mothers in the insufficient responsive caregiving group had lower scores in knowledge(7.70±1.41),social support(57.92±15.16),and parenting self-efficacy(30.36±6.48)compared with those in the sufficient group,with statistically significant differences(P＜0.001).Logistic regres-sion analysis indicated that the influencing factors for responsive caregiving included the level of know-ledge about responsive parenting[adjusted OR(aOR)=0.795,95％CI:0.566-0.838],social support(aOR=0.979,95％CI:0.961-0.996),and parenting self-efficacy(aOR=0.894,95％CI:0.857-0.932).Structural equation modeling revealed that knowledge of responsive caregiving(β=0.089,P=0.031),social support(β=0.153,P=0.001),and parenting self-efficacy(β=0.296,P＜0.001)were directly related to responsive caregiving behavior.Additionally,knowledge of responsive caregiving indirectly affected responsive caregiving behavior through parenting self-efficacy(β=0.095,P=0.014),and social support indirectly affected responsive caregiving behavior through parenting self-efficacy(β=0.497,P＜0.001).Conclusion:The current level of responsive caregiving behavior among mothers of 0-1-year-old infants in Weifang City is not satisfactory.Future development of responsive care-giving interventions should focus on providing caregivers with relevant knowledge of responsive caregiving based on their needs.Additionally,it is essential to offer social support from multiple aspects to enhance caregivers' parenting self-efficacy,thereby promoting improvements in responsive caregiving behavior.

Objective:To investigate the current talent cultivation among young pediatricians, and to provide insights for fostering a virtuous cycle in their education, scientific research, and career growth.Methods:This study enrolled 152 young pediatricians (under 45 years of age) who had completed or were participating in standardized residency training at the Children's Hospital of Soochow University since September 2014. The pediatricians were surveyed on clinical training, scientific research process, career development planning, policies, and incentive mechanisms using a self-administered questionnaire. SPSS 23.0 was used for statistical analysis. Enumeration data, expressed as the number of cases and composition ratios, were analyzed using chi-square tests, while ordinal data were analyzed using rank sum tests. The SPSS macroprogram PROCESS v3.3 was used for mediating effect analysis.Results:The results of the questionnaire survey of 152 respondents were as follows: 65.79% (100/152) were aged 25-34 years; 57.24% (87/152) held a master's degree; 13.82% (21/152), 16.45% (25/152), and 69.74% (106/152) held deputy senior professional titles and above, intermediate professional titles, and junior professional titles and below, respectively. More than half of the respondents desired expanded training in professional skill updates, scientific research capacity enhancement, and simulation teaching. The current training system was deemed simplistic in content and method, requiring optimization. The frequency of clinical teaching activities ( P<0.001), training methods ( P<0.001), and departmental mentorship atmosphere ( P<0.001) were correlated with the degree of satisfaction with clinical training. Among the respondents, 81.58% (124/152) reported insufficient time, energy, and motivation for scientific research. The frequency of training ( P<0.001), participation frequency ( P<0.001), diversity of training methods ( P=0.024), departmental mentorship atmosphere ( P<0.001), opportunities for collaboration ( P<0.001), and training in methodology and innovative thinking ( P=0.042) were correlated with the degree of satisfaction with the scientific research capability enhancement training. Notably, there was a marginally significant difference in degree of satisfaction with scientific research training among young physicians with different titles ( P=0.053). Only 38.16% (58/152) of the respondents had established mid-to-long-term career plans, indicating a lack of career planning awareness. Age ( P=0.001), educational background ( P=0.009), professional titles ( P=0.001), and completion status of standardized residency training ( P=0.011) were correlated with degree of satisfaction with career development planning. The departmental mentorship atmosphere ( P=0.013) and flexible work arrangements ( P=0.039) were correlated with degree of satisfaction with policies and incentive mechanisms, with a marginal significance for performance-based reward system ( P=0.057). The frequency of clinical training ( P=0.030) and scientific research training ( P=0.010) had a significant indirect mediating effect on the degree of satisfaction with clinical training through the departmental mentorship atmosphere. Conclusions:Optimizing the development pathway for young physicians requires improvements in clinical training system, scientific research management, career planning guidance, and overall supportive environment.

Objective To investigate the impacts of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block(SGB)on hemodynamics and postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopic surgery.Methods From January 2024 to June 2024,120 patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopic surgery in our hospital were randomly assigned into general anesthesia group(n=60,implementing general anesthesia)and assisted SGB group(n=60,implementing ultrasound-guided SGB combined with general anesthesia).The intraoperative hemodynamics,postoperative stress status[serum cortisol(Cor)and interleukin-6(IL-6)],postoperative pain level[evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS)score],postoperative biomarkers[serum matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)and neurospecific protein S-100β(S-100β)],and postoperative cognitive function[evaluated using the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)]were compared between the two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference in intraoperative blood loss and surgical time between the two groups of patients(P>0.05).After induction of anesthesia(T1),the mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate(HR)of the two groups of patients were significantly lower than when they entered the operating room(T0),the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The MAP and HR during the beginning of the surgery(T2),30 min after the start of the surgery(T3),and at the end of the surgery(T4)were higher than those at T0,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).While the MAP and HR in the assisted SGB group during T1,T2,T3 and T4 time points were lower than those in the general anesthesia group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The VAS scores of the assisted SGB group were significantly lower than those of the general anesthesia group at 12 and 24 h after surgery,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of serum Cor and IL-6 in the two groups at 12 and 24 h after surgery were higher than those at 1 d before surgery,but the levels of serum Cor and IL-6 in the assisted SGB group were lower than those in the general anesthesia group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of serum MMP-9 and S-100β in the two groups at 24 and 72 h after surgery were higher than those at 1 d before surgery(P<0.05),but the levels of serum MMP-9 and S-100β in the assisted SGB group were lower than those in the general anesthesia group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The MMSE score of the two groups at 3 and 5 d after surgery were lower than those at 1 d before surgery,but the MMSE score of the assisted SGB group was higher than that of the general anesthesia group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The implementation of ultrasound-guided SGB during shoulder arthroscopic surgery can maintain intraoperative hemodynamic stability,obviously alleviate postoperative stress and pain,obviously reduce serum MMP-9 and serum S-100β levels,and help alleviate postoperative cognitive dysfunction.It is worthy clinical application.

Objective To utilize the dental implant robot in the clinical instruction of oral implantology in order to popularize the technology and serve the medical education.Methods The effectiveness of the robotics teaching approach was assessed through a questionnaire.Results The dental implant robot technology has certain advantages in the clinical teaching of oral implant majors.Conclusion With the increasing popularity of digital implantation,the emerging dental implant robot has a wide range of applications and many advantages.It is very necessary to introduce it into the clinical teaching of oral implant majors.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial strains isolated from pediatric intensive care units(PICU)in China for better antimicrobial therapy.Methods Clinical isolates were collected from 17 institutions,including tertiary care children's hospitals and pediatric department of tertiary general hospitals in China from January 1,2020 to December 31,2022.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method or automated systems.Results were interpreted according to the breakpoints released by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2020.Results A total of 10 688 isolates were collected,including gram-positive organisms(39.2％)and gram-negative organisms(60.8％).The top three organisms were S.aureus(13.6％,1 453/10 688),A.baumannii(10.0％,1 067/10 688),and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(9.9％,1 058/10 688).Multi-drug resistant organisms(MDROs)were very common in children.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE),carbapenem-resistant E.coli,carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae(CRKP),carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii(CRAB),and carbapenem-resistant P.aeruginosa(CRPA)was 41.1％,19.4％,8.8％,30.9％,67.4％,and 28.8％,respectively.Overall,more than 50％of Enterobacteriales isolates were resistant to cephalosporins,while nearly 25％of Enterobacteriales isolates were resistant to carbapenems.MDROs were highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics.More than 80％of CRE and CRAB strains were resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics.CRE and CRAB showed low resistance rates to tigecycline and polymyxin.CRPA showed lower resistance rates to piperacillin,beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations than the resistance rates to third and fourth generation cephalosporins.All of the Staphylococcus and Enterococcus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and tigecycline.None of PRSP strains isolated from meningitis and nonmeningitis samples were resistant to rifampicin,vancomycin,or linezolid.The prevalence of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant(BLNAR)strains was 43.3％in Haemophilus influenzae.Conclusions MDROs were prevalent in PICU.It is necessary to establish an effective multidisciplinary team(MDT)to control the antimicrobial resistance.

Objective To utilize the dental implant robot in the clinical instruction of oral implantology in order to popularize the technology and serve the medical education.Methods The effectiveness of the robotics teaching approach was assessed through a questionnaire.Results The dental implant robot technology has certain advantages in the clinical teaching of oral implant majors.Conclusion With the increasing popularity of digital implantation,the emerging dental implant robot has a wide range of applications and many advantages.It is very necessary to introduce it into the clinical teaching of oral implant majors.

Objective To investigate the impacts of ultrasound-guided stellate ganglion block(SGB)on hemodynamics and postoperative cognitive function in patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopic surgery.Methods From January 2024 to June 2024,120 patients undergoing shoulder arthroscopic surgery in our hospital were randomly assigned into general anesthesia group(n=60,implementing general anesthesia)and assisted SGB group(n=60,implementing ultrasound-guided SGB combined with general anesthesia).The intraoperative hemodynamics,postoperative stress status[serum cortisol(Cor)and interleukin-6(IL-6)],postoperative pain level[evaluated by visual analogue scale(VAS)score],postoperative biomarkers[serum matrix metalloproteinase-9(MMP-9)and neurospecific protein S-100β(S-100β)],and postoperative cognitive function[evaluated using the mini-mental state examination(MMSE)]were compared between the two groups.Results There was no statistically significant difference in intraoperative blood loss and surgical time between the two groups of patients(P>0.05).After induction of anesthesia(T1),the mean arterial pressure(MAP)and heart rate(HR)of the two groups of patients were significantly lower than when they entered the operating room(T0),the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The MAP and HR during the beginning of the surgery(T2),30 min after the start of the surgery(T3),and at the end of the surgery(T4)were higher than those at T0,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).While the MAP and HR in the assisted SGB group during T1,T2,T3 and T4 time points were lower than those in the general anesthesia group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The VAS scores of the assisted SGB group were significantly lower than those of the general anesthesia group at 12 and 24 h after surgery,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of serum Cor and IL-6 in the two groups at 12 and 24 h after surgery were higher than those at 1 d before surgery,but the levels of serum Cor and IL-6 in the assisted SGB group were lower than those in the general anesthesia group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The levels of serum MMP-9 and S-100β in the two groups at 24 and 72 h after surgery were higher than those at 1 d before surgery(P<0.05),but the levels of serum MMP-9 and S-100β in the assisted SGB group were lower than those in the general anesthesia group,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).The MMSE score of the two groups at 3 and 5 d after surgery were lower than those at 1 d before surgery,but the MMSE score of the assisted SGB group was higher than that of the general anesthesia group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion The implementation of ultrasound-guided SGB during shoulder arthroscopic surgery can maintain intraoperative hemodynamic stability,obviously alleviate postoperative stress and pain,obviously reduce serum MMP-9 and serum S-100β levels,and help alleviate postoperative cognitive dysfunction.It is worthy clinical application.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the antimicrobial resistance profiles of bacterial strains isolated from pediatric intensive care units(PICU)in China for better antimicrobial therapy.Methods Clinical isolates were collected from 17 institutions,including tertiary care children's hospitals and pediatric department of tertiary general hospitals in China from January 1,2020 to December 31,2022.Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out according to a unified protocol using Kirby-Bauer method or automated systems.Results were interpreted according to the breakpoints released by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)in 2020.Results A total of 10 688 isolates were collected,including gram-positive organisms(39.2％)and gram-negative organisms(60.8％).The top three organisms were S.aureus(13.6％,1 453/10 688),A.baumannii(10.0％,1 067/10 688),and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus(9.9％,1 058/10 688).Multi-drug resistant organisms(MDROs)were very common in children.The prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus(MRSA),carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales(CRE),carbapenem-resistant E.coli,carbapenem-resistant K.pneumoniae(CRKP),carbapenem-resistant A.baumannii(CRAB),and carbapenem-resistant P.aeruginosa(CRPA)was 41.1％,19.4％,8.8％,30.9％,67.4％,and 28.8％,respectively.Overall,more than 50％of Enterobacteriales isolates were resistant to cephalosporins,while nearly 25％of Enterobacteriales isolates were resistant to carbapenems.MDROs were highly resistant to commonly used antibiotics.More than 80％of CRE and CRAB strains were resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics.CRE and CRAB showed low resistance rates to tigecycline and polymyxin.CRPA showed lower resistance rates to piperacillin,beta-lactamase inhibitor combinations than the resistance rates to third and fourth generation cephalosporins.All of the Staphylococcus and Enterococcus isolates were susceptible to vancomycin and tigecycline.None of PRSP strains isolated from meningitis and nonmeningitis samples were resistant to rifampicin,vancomycin,or linezolid.The prevalence of β-lactamase-negative ampicillin-resistant(BLNAR)strains was 43.3％in Haemophilus influenzae.Conclusions MDROs were prevalent in PICU.It is necessary to establish an effective multidisciplinary team(MDT)to control the antimicrobial resistance.