BACKGROUND:Patellar tendonitis can present as tendon degeneration that fails to heal due to tissue overload and incomplete recovery.Patellar tendonitis is a predisposition to high jumping and its pathogenesis has not been clearly defined.OBJECTIVE:To explore the stress-strain relationship of patellar tendon in the take-off technique of high jump through the finite element model with accurate human anatomical structure,so as to provide ideas for the prevention and rehabilitation of patellar tendinitis.METHODS:Based on the CT and MRI imaging data of the lower extremity(including the knee and ankle)of one subject(22 years old,183 cm height,70 kg body mass),a three-dimensional finite element model of the lower extremity was reconstructed using medical imaging software,reverse engineering software and modeling software.The plantar pressure of the take-off leg was collected in eight subjects by gait testing system,and the technical action of high jump take-off was collected by motion capture system.The captured data were imported into human sports biomechanics software for analysis,and kinematic and kinetic data were obtained as the boundary conditions of finite element model for finite element simulation analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The force borne by the patellar tendon reached 3.29 times of its own body mass when the subjects took off.In the take-off stage,the peak values of normal equivalent stress,strain and shear stress of the patellar tendon were 127.76 MPa,0.81 and 37.69 MPa,respectively,which were in the nonlinear region of the stress-strain curve,and the peak values were distributed in the proximal and posterior parts of patellar tendon.To conclude,the high patellar tendon force,strain and shear stress caused by the load of 3.29 times its own body mass during take-off are related to the induction of patellar tendinitis.

The American Heart Association (AHA) and the American College of Cardiology (ACC), in collaboration with multiple professional organizations, jointly released the "Guideline for the Prevention, Detection, Evaluation and Management of High Blood Pressure in Adults" in August 2025. Based on the latest evidence-based medical findings from February 2015 to January 2025, the guideline proposes an individualized treatment strategy grounded in total cardiovascular disease risk stratification, incorporates the novel PREVENT risk assessment model, lowers the medication initiation threshold and control targets for high-risk populations, and provides specific management recommendations for special populations. This article provides an interpretation of these updates and conducts a comparative analysis with the current status of hypertension prevention and treatment in China as well as Chinese guidelines, aiming to offer reference for hypertension control practices in China.

The American Heart Association (AHA) officially released the "2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association" on January 27, 2025. This report systematically compiles the latest statistics on major cardiovascular diseases worldwide, while simultaneously integrating relevant outcome indicators, including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs, and updating the global prevalence patterns and evolving trends of diverse risk factors impacting cardiovascular health, providing essential guidance for the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Synthesizing insights from this pivotal report and other relevant studies, this article highlights key findings concerning the global prevalence and mortality of heart diseases, associated risk factors, and emerging diagnostic and therapeutic technologies.

BACKGROUND:Patellar tendonitis can present as tendon degeneration that fails to heal due to tissue overload and incomplete recovery.Patellar tendonitis is a predisposition to high jumping and its pathogenesis has not been clearly defined.OBJECTIVE:To explore the stress-strain relationship of patellar tendon in the take-off technique of high jump through the finite element model with accurate human anatomical structure,so as to provide ideas for the prevention and rehabilitation of patellar tendinitis.METHODS:Based on the CT and MRI imaging data of the lower extremity(including the knee and ankle)of one subject(22 years old,183 cm height,70 kg body mass),a three-dimensional finite element model of the lower extremity was reconstructed using medical imaging software,reverse engineering software and modeling software.The plantar pressure of the take-off leg was collected in eight subjects by gait testing system,and the technical action of high jump take-off was collected by motion capture system.The captured data were imported into human sports biomechanics software for analysis,and kinematic and kinetic data were obtained as the boundary conditions of finite element model for finite element simulation analysis.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The force borne by the patellar tendon reached 3.29 times of its own body mass when the subjects took off.In the take-off stage,the peak values of normal equivalent stress,strain and shear stress of the patellar tendon were 127.76 MPa,0.81 and 37.69 MPa,respectively,which were in the nonlinear region of the stress-strain curve,and the peak values were distributed in the proximal and posterior parts of patellar tendon.To conclude,the high patellar tendon force,strain and shear stress caused by the load of 3.29 times its own body mass during take-off are related to the induction of patellar tendinitis.

AIM To explore the differential metabolites of different aged Citrus reticulate'Chachi'and their processed cakes.METHODS Non-targeted metabolomics technology of GC-TOF-MS was used to analyze the chemical constituents.The data was processed by principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis,and the differential metabolites were identified.RESULTS A total of 74 differential metabolites were identified,including 16 glycosides,14 organic acids and their derivatives,11 amino acids and their derivatives,and 4 flavonoids.Comparative analysis revealed 40 and 30 differential metabolites between fresh C.reticulate'℃hachi'and 3-year or 5-year aged samples,respectively.Furthermore,27 and 34 differential metabolites were identified between the 3-year or 5-year aged samples and their corresponding processed cakes,respectively.Differential metabolites among fresh,aged C.reticulate'Chachi',and processed cakes were predominantly enriched in 6 metabolic pathways,including the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites.Specifically,differential metabolites between 3-year aged C.reticulate'Chachi'and its processed cake were significantly enriched in 4 pathways,such as ABC transporters.Differential metabolites between 5-year aged C.reticulate'Chachi'and its processed cake were mainly enriched in 5 pathways,including carbon metabolism.CONCLUSION Non-targeted metabolomics technology can elucidate the chemical compositional differences among fresh/aged and processed cakes of C.reticulate'Chachi',laying a foundation for the research into C.reticulate'Chachi'aging processing techniques and the development of processed products.

Objective:To analyze patch test results in patients with rosacea, investigate the prevalence of contact sensitization, and identify common allergens, to provide relevant evidence for the diagnosis, treatment, and preventive interventions for rosacea.Methods:A cross-sectional retrospective survey was conducted to analyze the positive contact allergy rate and allergen distribution in 186 rosacea patients who underwent the 60-item China Standard Series Patch Test (CB-1000) at the Department of Dermatology, Peking University First Hospital, from January 2023 to September 2024.Results:Among the 186 patients, 159(85.5%) showed positive reactions in patch tests. The top three allergens with the highest positivity rates were: metal salts, preservatives and fragrances. The top 10 individual allergens with the highest positivity rates were: nickelsulfate hexahydrate 46.8%(87/186), cobaltchloride hexahydrate 29.0%(54/186), hydroperoxides of linalool 15.1%(28/186), carba mix 14.0%(26/186), propolis 9.7%(18/186), fragrance mix Ⅰ 8.6%(16/186), methyl dibromo glutaronitrile 8.1%(15/186), Peru balsam 7.5%(14/186), gold sodium thiosulfate dihydrate 7.5%(14/186), and hydroperoxides of limonene 7.5%(14/186). The overall positivity rate for cosmetics-related allergens was 56.5% (105/186), with the top five allergens being: hydroperoxide of linalool 15.1%(28/186), propolis 9.7%(18/186), fragrance mix Ⅰ 8.6%(16/186), methyl dibromo glutaronitrile 8.1%(15/186), and Peru balsam 7.5%(14/186).Conclusion:The overall positivity rate for patch test allergens in rosacea patients is high. The most common allergen types are metal salts, preservatives, and fragrance agents. Cosmetics-related allergens also show a high positivity rate. Rosacea patients should avoid exposure to these allergens.

ObjectiveTo explore the clinical safety of Feilike Mixture （FLK） in the real world. MethodsThe safety of all children who received FLK from 29 institutions in 12 provinces between January 21，2021 and December 25，2021 was evaluated through prospective centralized surveillance and a nested case control study. ResultsA total of 3 035 juveniles were included. There were 29 research centers involved，which are distributed across 12 provinces，including one traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） hospital and 28 general hospitals. The average age among the juveniles was （4.77±3.56） years old，and the average weight was （21.81±12.97） kg. Among them，119 cases （3.92%） of juveniles had a history of allergies. Acute bronchitis was the main diagnosis for juveniles，with 1 656 cases （54.46%）. FLK was first used in 2 016 cases （66.43%），and 142 juvenile patients had special dosages，accounting for 4.68%. Among them，92 adverse drug reactions （ADRs） occurred，including 73 cases of gastrointestinal system disorders，10 cases of metabolic and nutritional disorders，eight cases of skin and subcutaneous tissue diseases，two cases of vascular and lymphatic disorders，and one case of systemic diseases and various reactions at the administration site. The manifestations of ADRs were mainly diarrhea，stool discoloration，and vomiting，and no serious ADRs occurred. The results of multi-factor analysis indicated that special dosages （the use of FLK）［odds ratio （OR） of 2.642， 95% confidence interval （CI） of 1.105-6.323］，combined administration： spleen aminopeptide （OR of 4.978， 95%CI of 1.200-20.655），and reason for combined administration： anti-infection （OR of 1.814， 95%CI of 1.071-3.075） were the risk factors for ADRs caused by FLK. Conclusion92 ADRs occurred among 3 035 juveniles using FLK. The incidence of ADRs caused by FLK was 3.03%，and the severity was mainly mild or moderate. Generally，the prognosis was favorable after symptomatic treatment such as drug withdrawal or dosage reduction，suggesting that FLK has good clinical safety.

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) site rs76206423 in the promoter region of the interleukin-2 receptor (IL-2R) β gene among Han males in a high radiation background area (HBRA) in Yangjiang City. Methods A total of 48 male participants from Tangkou Town, Yangxi County, Yangjiang City (HBRA group), and 51 male participants from Hengpo Town, Enping City (control group) were selected as the research subjects using the random number table method. Peripheral venous blood samples of participants from both groups were collected, and genomic DNA was extracted. The genotyping and allele frequency distribution of the rs76206423 (A/G) site in the IL-2R β promoter region was detected among the participants in both groups using the SNP detection method. The difference of allele frequencies between population in HBRA group and five area of East Asia, South Asia, Africa, Europe, and the Americas published in the Human Genome Project database from National Center for Biotechnology Information were analyzed. Results The allele frequencies of rs76206423 of population in both groups conformed to Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). In the HBRA group, the AA genotype was predominant (64.6%), while the AG genotype was the most common in the control group (51.0%), with a significant difference (P<0.05). Population in both groups showed a predominance of the variant allele A (78.1% and 72.5%, respectively), with no significant difference (P>0.05). The frequency of the G allele of rs76206423 in the population in HBRA group was higher than those in South Asian, African, European, and American populations (all P<0.01), but showed no significant difference compared with East Asian populations (P>0.05). Conclusion In the Han male population from the HBRA in Yangjiang City, the rs76206423 site in the IL-2R β gene promoter region is predominantly composed of the wild-type A allele and AA genotype, indicating genetic stability and a relatively high degree of variation at this locus.

BACKGROUND: The global rise in diabetes prevalence is a pressing concern. Despite initiatives like "The Healthy Beijing Action 2020-2030" advocating for increased awareness, treatment, and control, the specific situation in Beijing remains unexplored. This study aimed to analyze the trends in diabetes prevalence, awareness, treatment, and control among Beijing adults. METHODS: Through a stratified multistage probability cluster sampling method, a series of representative cross-sectional surveys were conducted in Beijing from 2005 to 2022, targeting adults aged 18-79 years. A face-to-face questionnaire, along with body measurements and laboratory tests, were administered to 111,943 participants. Data from all survey were age- and/or gender-standardized based on the 2020 Beijing census population. Annual percentage rate change (APC) or average annual percentage rate change (AAPC) was calculated to determine prevalence trends over time. Complex sampling logistic regression models were employed to explore the relationship between various characteristics and diabetes. RESULTS: From 2005 to 2022, the total prevalence of diabetes among Beijing adults aged 18-79 years increased from 9.6% (95% CI: 8.8-10.4%) to 13.9% (95% CI: 13.1-14.7%), with an APC/AAPC of 2.1% (95% CI: 1.1-3.2%, P <0.05). Significant increases were observed among adults aged 18-39 years and rural residents. Undiagnosed diabetes rose from 3.5% (95% CI: 3.2-4.0%) to 7.2% (95% CI: 6.6-7.9%) with an APC/AAPC of 4.1% (95% CI: 0.5-7.3%, P <0.05). However, diabetes awareness and treatment rates showed annual declines of 1.4% (95% CI: -3.0% to -0.2%, P <0.05) and 1.3% (95% CI: -2.6% to -0.2%, P <0.05), respectively. The diabetes control rate decreased from 21.5% to 19.1%, although not statistically significant (APC/AAPC = -1.5%, 95% CI: -5.6% to 1.9%). Overweight and obesity were identified as risk factors for diabetes, with ORs of 1.65 (95% CI: 1.38-1.98) and 2.48 (95% CI: 2.07-2.99), respectively. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of diabetes in Beijing has significantly increased between 2005 and 2022, particularly among young adults and rural residents. Meanwhile, there has been a concerning decrease in diabetes awareness and treatment rates, while control rates have remained stagnant. Regular blood glucose testing, especially among adults aged 18-59 years, should be warranted. Furthermore, being male, elderly, overweight, or obese was associated with higher diabetes risk, suggesting the needs for targeted management strategies.
Humans ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Male ; Female ; Aged ; Adolescent ; Young Adult ; Cross-Sectional Studies ; Diabetes Mellitus/epidemiology* ; Beijing/epidemiology* ; Prevalence ; China/epidemiology* ; Surveys and Questionnaires