Arson is classified as a violent crime,and often involves accelerants that significantly increase casualties and property damage.These accelerants,typically flammable liquids with low saturated vapor pressure,present volatile characteristic components in fire residues,making evidence preservation critical for accurate forensic analysis.In this study,the preservation performance of AMPAC(American KAPAC polyester sampling bags)and polyethylene(PE)evidence bags were evaluated under simulated field conditions(40 oC)through gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS)technique,focusing on background interference,sealing integrity,and cross-contamination.The results demonstrated that AMPAC bags exhibited minimal background interference(C12?C14 alkanes detected after 3?7 days)and effective gasoline sealing,though slight losses of C2?C3 alkylbenzenes and trace cross-contamination were observed.In contrast,PE bags showed significant background hydrocarbons(C15?C19 alkanes)and pronounced gasoline component losses,including C2?C4 alkylbenzenes,naphthalenes,and indenes.Notably,severe cross-contamination of gasoline markers was detected in adjacent blank PE bags,with characteristic components such as C2?C4 alkylbenzenes,naphthalenes,methylnaphthalenes,dimethylnaphthalenes,indenes,indanes,methylindenes,and dimethylindenes identified,indicating substantial cross-contamination issues in PE evidence bags.Microstructural analysis revealed superior sealing in AMPAC bags attributed to their smooth,dense surface morphology compared to PE's rougher,porous structure.This study established a comprehensive evaluation framework for fire residue evidence containers,and found that PE bags were unsuitable for long-term gasoline evidence preservation due to compromised integrity.These findings provided critical references for forensic container selection in fire investigations.

Objective To investigate the relationship between the ratio of C-reactive protein(CRP)/preal-bumin(PAB)and severity of illness and onset in patients with primary knee osteoarthritis(KOA).Methods A total of 102 patients with primary KOA admitted to a hospital from October 2018 to October 2023 were selected as the study group,and 100 healthy people in a hospital during the same period were select-ed as the control group.According to the Kelgren-Lawrence(K-L)grading criteria,102 patients with primary KOA were divided into K-L grade Ⅰ group(n=21),K-L grade Ⅱ group(n=27),K-L grade Ⅲ group(n=34),and K-L grade Ⅳ group(n=20).The levels of CRP and PAB were measured by automatic biochemical analyzer,and the ratio of CRP/PAB was calculated.The predictive value of CRP,PAB and CRP/PAB ratio to the incidence of primary KOA was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve,and the influencing fac-tors of the incidence of primary KOA patients were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression.Results There were significant differences in CRP,PAB and CRP/PAB ratio among primary KOA patients with different K-L grades(P＜0.05).The total score of Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoar-thritis Index(WOMAC)for primary KOA patients from K-L group Ⅰ to K-L group Ⅳ were(40.91±5.18),(46.08±9.21),(51.24±7.46),(65.83±12.93)points,respectively.The difference was statistically signifi-cant(P＜0.05).In patients with primary KOA,CRP and CRP/PAB ratio were positively correlated with K-L grade and WOMAC total score,while PAB was negatively correlated with K-L grade and WOMAC total score(P＜0.05).CRP and CRP/PAB ratio in study group were higher than those in control group,and PAB level was lower than those in control group,the differences were statistically significant(P＜0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)and 95％CI of CRP and PAB levels were 0.781(0.736-0.831)and 0.853(0.781-0.876),respectively,and the AUC of CRP/PAB ratio was 0.937(0.892-0.987).Conclusion CRP and CRP/PAB ratio are highly expressed in patients with primary KOA,and PAB is low expressed in patients with pri-mary KOA,which is related to the severity of illness and onset in patients,and can be used as a potential marker to predict the severity of illness and onset in patients with primary KOA.

Objective To investigate the correlation of serum human epididymis protein 4(HE4)and lung injury Prediction(LIPS)score with sepsis-associated acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS)and 28 d mortality.Methods A total of 207 patients with sepsis admitted to the hospital from January 2021 to January 2024 were selected.According to the presence or absence of ARDS,the patients were divided into ARDS group(73 cases)and non-ARDS group(134 cases).According to the 28 d survival,the ARDS group was further di-vided into death group(26 cases)and survival group(47 cases).HE4 level was detected by electrochemilumi-nescence,and LIPS score was calculated.Multivariate Logistic regression model was used to analyze the influ-encing factors of death in ARDS patients.Point biserial correlation was used to analyze the correlation between serum HE4,LIPS score and 28 d death in ARDS patients.The receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was used to evaluate the value of serum HE4 and LIPS score in the diagnosis of sepsis-associated ARDS and predicting 28 d mortality.Results Compared with non-ARDS group,the serum HE4 level and LIPS score were significantly increased in ARDS group(P<0.05).The independent risk factors for sepsis-associated ARDS were increased SOFA score,increased blood lactic acid,increased HE4 and increased LIPS score(P<0.05).The 28 d mortality of 73 patients with sepsis-associated ARDS was 35.62%(26/73).Compared with the survival group,the serum HE4 and LIPS scores were increased in the death group(P<0.05).Serum HE4 and LIPS scores were positively correlated with 28 d mortality in patients with sepsis-associated ARDS(r=0.605,0.579,P<0.05).The area under the curve(AUC)of serum HE4 combined with LIPS score in the di-agnosis of sepsis-associated ARDS was 0.909,which was larger than 0.828 and 0.806 of serum HE4 and LIPS score alone(Z=3.360,3.387,all P<0.05).The AUC of serum HE4 combined with LIPS score in predicting 28 d mortality of patients with sepsis-associated ARDS was 0.891,which was larger than 0.808 and 0.779 of by serum HE4 and LIPS score alone(Z=2.028,2.017,all P<0.05).Conclusion The elevated serum HE4 level and LIPS score are independent risk factors for sepsis-associated ARDS,and are closely related to 28 d mortality.The combination of serum HE4 and LIPS score has a high value in the diagnosis of sepsis-associated ARDS and the prediction of 28 d mortality.

Objective:To observe the effects of Bushen Antai Mixture on nuclear transcription factor E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1)/nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB) in placental tissue of recurrent spontaneous abortion (RSA) mice.Methods:The CBA/J mice (female) and DBA/2 (male), CBA/J mice (female) and BALB/c (male) were caged at a ratio of 2 : 1 to establish RSA and normal pregnant mice, respectively. The next morning, the vaginal plug was found or the sperm was seen under the microscope as the successful modeling, which was counted as the first day of pregnancy. CBA/J×BALB/c mice were set as normal group, and the RSA model pregnant mice were divided into model group, progesterone group, and Bushen Antai Mixture low-, medium-, and high-dosage groups using a random number table method, with 6 mice in each group. The normal group and the model group were given distilled water by gavage. Bushen Antai Mixture low-, medium-, and high-dosage groups were given 3.9 g/kg, 11.7 g/kg and 23.4 g/kg Bushen Antai Mixture by gavage. The progesterone group was given progesterone capsule aqueous solution 26 mg/kg by gavage for 14 consecutive days. The embryo loss rate of mice was calculated. The pathological changes of placental tissues were observed by HE staining. The expressions of Nrf2, HO-1 and NF-κB protein and mRNA in placental tissues were detected by Western blot and RT-qPCR.Results:Compared with the model group, the embryo loss rate of mice in the Bushen Antai Mixture low-, medium-, and high-dosage groups and the progesterone group significantly decreased ( P<0.05, P<0.01); the pathological morphology of placental tissue improved; the expressions of Nrf2, HO-1 protein and mRNA in placental tissue significantly increased ( P<0.05, P<0.01), and the expression of NF-κB protein and mRNA significantly decreased ( P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion:Bushen Antai Mixture may may treat RSA by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, inhibiting NF - κB expression, and improving oxidative stress and inflammatory response in the placental tissue of RSA pregnant mice.

Anxiety disorder is a major symptom of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) with a comorbidity rate of ~40%. However, the neural mechanisms of the emergence of anxiety in ASD remain unclear. In our study, we found that hyperactivity of basolateral amygdala (BLA) pyramidal neurons (PNs) in Shank3 InsG3680 knock-in (InsG3680^+/+) mice is involved in the development of anxiety. Electrophysiological results also showed increased excitatory input and decreased inhibitory input in BLA PNs. Chemogenetic inhibition of the excitability of PNs in the BLA rescued the anxiety phenotype of InsG3680^+/+ mice. Further study found that the diminished control of the BLA by medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and optogenetic activation of the mPFC-BLA pathway also had a rescue effect, which increased the feedforward inhibition of the BLA. Taken together, our results suggest that hyperactivity of the BLA and alteration of the mPFC-BLA circuitry are involved in anxiety in InsG3680^+/+ mice.
Animals ; Prefrontal Cortex/metabolism* ; Basolateral Nuclear Complex/metabolism* ; Mice ; Anxiety/metabolism* ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/genetics* ; Male ; Gene Knock-In Techniques ; Pyramidal Cells/physiology* ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neural Pathways/physiopathology* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Microfilament Proteins

Digital technologies have become an integral part of complete denture restoration. With advancement in computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM), tools such as intraoral scanning, facial scanning, 3D printing, and numerical control machining are reshaping the workflow of complete denture restoration. Unlike conventional methods that rely heavily on clinical experience and manual techniques, digital technologies offer greater precision, predictability, and efficacy. They also streamline the process by reducing the number of patient visits and improving overall comfort. Despite these improvements, the clinical application of digital complete denture restoration still faces challenges that require further standardization. The major issues include appropriate case selection, establishing consistent digital workflows, and evaluating long-term outcomes. To address these challenges and provide clinical guidance for practitioners, this expert consensus outlines the principles, advantages, and limitations of digital complete denture technology. The aim of this review was to offer practical recommendations on indications, clinical procedures and precautions, evaluation metrics, and outcome assessment to support digital restoration of complete denture in clinical practice.
Humans ; Denture, Complete ; Computer-Aided Design ; Denture Design/methods* ; Consensus ; Printing, Three-Dimensional

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Yijingtang （YJT） in treating diminished ovarian reserve （DOR） in rats by regulating the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway. MethodsFifty female SD rats with normal estrous cycles were randomly allocated into blank， model， low- and high-dose （12.579 and 25.158 g·kg^-1， respectively） YJT， and dehydroepiandrosterone （7.487 5 mg·kg^-1） groups， with 10 rats in each group. The rats in other groups except the blank group were administrated with the tripterygium glycosides tablet suspension （5 mg·kg^-1） by gavage for 14 days for the modeling of DOR. The rats in the drug treatment groups were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage from day 15 for 30 consecutive days， and those in the blank and model groups received equal volumes of distilled water. The vaginal exfoliated cell smears were observed to assess the changes in the estrous cycle. The wet weight of bilateral ovaries was weighed for calculation of the ovarian index. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe the histopathological changes in the ovaries and the proportions of follicles at various levels were calculated. The serum levels of sex hormones ［follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， estradiol （E₂）， and anti-Müllerian hormone （AMH）］ and inflammatory factors ［tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， interleukin-1beta （IL-1β）， and interleukin-10 （IL-10）］ were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） was conducted to determine the mRNA levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB profilin α （IκBα）， NF-κB and inflammatory factors in the ovarian tissue. Western blot was employed to measure the protein levels of factors related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in the ovarian tissue. Immunofluorescence （IF） was used to detect the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in the ovarian tissue. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed disturbed estrous cycles， increased inflammatory infiltration in the ovarian tissue， decreases in ovarian index and proportion of presinusoidal follicles， and an increase in the proportion of atretic follicles （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， the model group showed elevated serum levels of FSH， LH， TNF-α， and IL-1β， up-regulated mRNA levels of TLR4， MyD88， IκBα， NF-κB， TNF-α， and IL-1β and protein levels of TLR4， MyD88， p-IκBα， and p-NF-κB p65 （P<0.01）， lowered serum levels of AMH， E₂， and IL-10， down-regulated mRNA level of IL-10 （P<0.01）， and massive nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in the ovarian tissue. Compared with the model group， dehydroepiandrosterone and low and high doses of YJT restored the disturbed estrous cycle， reduced inflammatory infiltration in the ovarian tissue， increased the ovarian index （P<0.01）， and changed the follicular composition ratio （P<0.01）. Furthermore， the drugs lowered the serum levels of FSH， LH， TNF-α， and IL-1β， down-regulated the mRNA levels of TLR4， MyD88， IκBα， NF-κB， TNF-α， and IL-1β and the protein levels of TLR4， MyD88， p-IκBα， and p-NF-κB p65 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， raised the serum levels of AMH， E₂， and IL-10， up-regulated the mRNA level of IL-10 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and reduced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in the ovarian tissue. ConclusionYJT may inhibit the release and expression of inflammatory factors by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway to attenuate the inflammatory responses in the ovarian tissue， thereby improving the ovarian function in DOR rats.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect and mechanism of Yijingtang （YJT） in treating diminished ovarian reserve （DOR） in rats by regulating the Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）/myeloid differentiation factor 88 （MyD88）/nuclear factor-κB （NF-κB） signaling pathway. MethodsFifty female SD rats with normal estrous cycles were randomly allocated into blank， model， low- and high-dose （12.579 and 25.158 g·kg^-1， respectively） YJT， and dehydroepiandrosterone （7.487 5 mg·kg^-1） groups， with 10 rats in each group. The rats in other groups except the blank group were administrated with the tripterygium glycosides tablet suspension （5 mg·kg^-1） by gavage for 14 days for the modeling of DOR. The rats in the drug treatment groups were administrated with corresponding drugs by gavage from day 15 for 30 consecutive days， and those in the blank and model groups received equal volumes of distilled water. The vaginal exfoliated cell smears were observed to assess the changes in the estrous cycle. The wet weight of bilateral ovaries was weighed for calculation of the ovarian index. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was performed to observe the histopathological changes in the ovaries and the proportions of follicles at various levels were calculated. The serum levels of sex hormones ［follicle-stimulating hormone （FSH）， luteinizing hormone （LH）， estradiol （E₂）， and anti-Müllerian hormone （AMH）］ and inflammatory factors ［tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α）， interleukin-1beta （IL-1β）， and interleukin-10 （IL-10）］ were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction（Real-time PCR） was conducted to determine the mRNA levels of TLR4， MyD88， NF-κB profilin α （IκBα）， NF-κB and inflammatory factors in the ovarian tissue. Western blot was employed to measure the protein levels of factors related to the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway in the ovarian tissue. Immunofluorescence （IF） was used to detect the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in the ovarian tissue. ResultsCompared with the blank group， the model group showed disturbed estrous cycles， increased inflammatory infiltration in the ovarian tissue， decreases in ovarian index and proportion of presinusoidal follicles， and an increase in the proportion of atretic follicles （P<0.05， P<0.01）. In addition， the model group showed elevated serum levels of FSH， LH， TNF-α， and IL-1β， up-regulated mRNA levels of TLR4， MyD88， IκBα， NF-κB， TNF-α， and IL-1β and protein levels of TLR4， MyD88， p-IκBα， and p-NF-κB p65 （P<0.01）， lowered serum levels of AMH， E₂， and IL-10， down-regulated mRNA level of IL-10 （P<0.01）， and massive nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in the ovarian tissue. Compared with the model group， dehydroepiandrosterone and low and high doses of YJT restored the disturbed estrous cycle， reduced inflammatory infiltration in the ovarian tissue， increased the ovarian index （P<0.01）， and changed the follicular composition ratio （P<0.01）. Furthermore， the drugs lowered the serum levels of FSH， LH， TNF-α， and IL-1β， down-regulated the mRNA levels of TLR4， MyD88， IκBα， NF-κB， TNF-α， and IL-1β and the protein levels of TLR4， MyD88， p-IκBα， and p-NF-κB p65 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， raised the serum levels of AMH， E₂， and IL-10， up-regulated the mRNA level of IL-10 （P<0.05， P<0.01）， and reduced the nuclear translocation of NF-κB p65 in the ovarian tissue. ConclusionYJT may inhibit the release and expression of inflammatory factors by regulating the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway to attenuate the inflammatory responses in the ovarian tissue， thereby improving the ovarian function in DOR rats.

Objective:To discuss the ameliorative effect of total flavonoids from corn silk(TFCS)on kidney injury in the rats with urate nephropathy,and to clarify the possible mechanism.Methods:Sixty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,model group,positive control group[benzbromarone(BZM)group,5 mg·kg-1·d-1],low dose of TFCS group(20 mg·kg-1·d-1),medium dose of TFCS group(40 mg·kg-1·d-1),and high dose of TFCS group(80 mg·kg-1·d-1),and there were 10 rats in each group.Except for control group,the rats in the other groups were administered potassium oxonate(350 mg·kg-1)and adenine(70 mg·kg-1)by gavage for 4 weeks to establish the hyperuricemic nephropthy models.The rats in different doses of TFCS groups were treated with TFCS for 2 weeks.Speckle blood flow imager was used to detect the renal blood perfusion of the rats in various groups and the kidney coefficients of the rats in various groups were caculated;HE staining and Masson staining were used to observe the pathomorphology and fibrosis degrees of kidney tissue of the rats in various groups and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)method was used to detect the levels of uric acid(UA),creatinine(Cr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),interleukin-6(IL-6),and tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)in the serum and levels of β2-microglobulin(β2-MG)and microalbumin(ALB)in the urine of the rats in various groups;Western blotting method was used to detect the expression levels of urate transporter 1(URAT1),glucose transporter 9(GLUT9),and ATP-binding cassette transporter G2(ABCG2)proteins in kidney tissue of the rats in various groups.Results:Compared with control group,the renal blood perfusion volume of the rats in model group was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with model group,the renal blood perfusion volumes of the rats in BZM group and low,medium,and high doses of TFCS groups were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with control group,the kidney weight of the rats in model group was increased,with visible white granular spots on the surface,absence of blood color,and kidney volume was increased.Compared with model group,the kidney volumes of the rats in BZM group and medium and high doses of TFCS groups were decreased,with color tending toward that in control group,and the white granular spots on the surface were significantly reduced.Compared with model group,the kidney coefficients of the rats in BZM group and medium and high doses of TFCS groups were decreased(P<0.01).The HE staining results showed there were no abnormalities in kidney tissue structure in control group,while there were a small amount of brown-yellow urate crystal deposition and interstitial connective tissue hyperplasia in model group;compared with model group,the kidney tissue damage and inflammatory infiltration were alleviated to varying degrees in BZM group and different doses of TFCS groups.The Masson staining results revealed no obvious collagen fiber deposition in control group,whereas significant blue collagen fiber deposition in kidney tissue of the rats was found in model group,and the collagen volume fraction(CVF)was increased compared with control group(P<0.01);compared with model group,the CVFs of the rats in BZM group and different doses of TFCS groups were decreased(P<0.01).The ELISA results showed that compared with control group,the levels of UA,Cr,BUN,IL-6,and TNF-α in serum of the rats in model group were increased(P<0.01);compared with model group,the levels of UA,Cr,BUN,IL-6,and TNF-α in serum of the rats in BZM group and medium and high doses of TFCS groups were decreased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the levels of β2-MG and ALB in urinary in model group were increased(P<0.01);compared with model group,the levels of β2-MG and ALB in urinary of the rats in different doses of TFCS groups were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The Western blotting results showed that compared with control group,the expression levels of URAT1 and GLUT9 proteins in kidney tissue of the rats in BZM group and model group were increased(P<0.01),while the expression level of ABCG2 protein was decreased(P<0.01).Compared with model group,the expression levels of URAT1 and GLUT9 proteins in kidney tissue of the rats in different doses of TFCS groups were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the expression level of ABCG2 protein was increased(P<0.01).Conclusion:TFCS can significantly alleviate the kidney injury in the rats with urate nephropathy model,and its mechanism may be related to the downregulation of expression of URAT1 and GLUT9 proteins and upregulation of ABCG2 protein expression in kidney tissue.

To investigate the impact of preoperative serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels on the probability of testicular sperm retrieval, we conducted a study of nonobstructive azoospermic (NOA) men with different testicular volumes (TVs) who underwent microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE). A total of 177 NOA patients undergoing micro-TESE for the first time from April 2019 to November 2022 in Shenzhen Zhongshan Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital (formerly Shenzhen Zhongshan Urology Hospital, Shenzhen, China) were retrospectively reviewed. The subjects were divided into four groups based on average TV quartiles. Serum hormone levels in each TV group were compared between positive and negative sperm retrieval subgroups. Overall sperm retrieval rate was 57.6%. FSH levels (median [interquartile range]) were higher in the positive sperm retrieval subgroup compared with the negative outcome subgroup when average TV was <5 ml (first quartile [Q1: TV <3 ml]: 43.32 [17.92] IU l -1 vs 32.95 [18.56] IU l -1 , P = 0.048; second quartile [Q2: 3 ml ≤ TV <5 ml]: 31.31 [15.37] IU l -1 vs 25.59 [18.40] IU l -1 , P = 0.042). Elevated serum FSH levels were associated with successful micro-TESE sperm retrieval in NOA men whose average TVs were <5 ml (adjusted odds ratio [OR]: 1.06 per unit increase; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.01-1.11; P = 0.011). In men with TVs ≥5 ml, larger TVs were associated with lower odds of sperm retrieval (adjusted OR: 0.84 per 1 ml increase; 95% CI: 0.71-0.98; P = 0.029). In conclusion, elevated serum FSH levels were associated with positive sperm retrieval in micro-TESE in NOA men with TVs <5 ml. In men with TV ≥5 ml, increases in average TVs were associated with lower odds of sperm retrieval.
Humans ; Male ; Azoospermia/surgery* ; Sperm Retrieval/statistics & numerical data* ; Adult ; Follicle Stimulating Hormone/blood* ; Retrospective Studies ; Testis/pathology* ; Microdissection ; Organ Size