The Model for End-Stage Liver Disease （MELD） score is currently used to prioritize liver allocation for cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation in the world. With the application of MELD score in transplantation for patients with severe conditions， several models have been proposed to refine and improve MELD score. MELD score has also been used for the management of non-transplantation patients with chronic liver disease. This article briefly reviews the background of these models and believes that the original intention of MELD is to determine the priority of organ allocation for liver transplantation. The expanded application of MELD score beyond liver transplantation assessment should be performed with reference to clinical practice， and different MELD models should be selected rationally based on individual conditions， in order to help patients achieve optimal prognosis assessment， intervention measures， and benefits.

BackgroundClinical supervision is a critical component in the training and professional development of psychological counselors. Scientifically evaluating the effectiveness of clinical supervision is essential， yet reliable and effective tools for such assessments are lacing in China. ObjectiveTo translate Supervision Evaluation and Supervision Competence （SE-SC） Scale into Chinese version and evaluate its reliability and validity in clinical supervision in China， so as to provide a tool for the evaluation of supervisory effectiveness. MethodsThe SE-SC scale was translated， back-translated and culturally adapted， followed by a pilot survey to develop the Chinese version of SE-SC scale. A total of 42 counselors engaged in clinical counseling and receiving supervision at a counseling center in Shanghai from July 2021 to February 2022 were selected as the study participants. Item analysis was conducted to assess item discrimination， with critical ratio method applied to determine which items retention. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed to compare the structure of Chinese version with the original scale. Criterion-related validity and convergent validity were used to evaluate the validity of the scale， while Cronbach's α coefficient was used to assess its reliability. ResultsChinese version of SE-SC scale consisted of a total of 28 item， including six clusters. Registered supervisors scored significantly higher than internship supervisors on the total score and on clusters three， four， five and six （t=2.536， 2.747， 5.881， 3.718， 6.090， P<0.05）. The total and cluster scores of the Chinese version of the SE-SC scale were positively correlated with self-rated supervision helpfulness and overall satisfaction （r=0.492~0.758， 0.412~0.815， P<0.01）. The Cronbach's α coefficient for the overall scale was 0.975，with values for the six clusters were 0.938， 0.821， 0.962， 0.871， 0.884 and 0.823， respectively. ConclusionChinese version of SE-SC scale demonstrates good reliability and validity， and it can be considered as a promising assessment tool for evaluating the effectiveness of clinical supervision.

Objective To study the effects of scutellarin on endometrial carcinoma Ishikawa cells,and analyze the correlation between the effects and phosphatidyl inositol 3 kinase(PI3 K)/protein kinase B(Akt)signaling pathway.Methods Ishikawa cells were divided into blank group and experimental-L,-M,-H groups,each group was treated with complete medium containing 0,5,10 and 20 μmol·L-1 scutellarin,respectively.Cell viability,clonal formation ability,metastatic ability,invasion,apoptosis and protein expression were detected by cell counting kit-8(CCK-8),plate cloning,scratch,Transwell,flow cytometry and Western blot assay,respectively.Results The cell viability of blank group and experimental-L,-M,-H groups at 48 h were(100.00±0.00)％,(78.51±7.54)％,(52.93±4.91)％and(41.62±5.33)％;the clone formation rate were(100.00±0.00)％,(56.59±6.34)％,(35.23±4.62)％and(10.66±1.91)％;the scratch healing rate were(53.70±6.19)％,(40.59±4.75)％,(34.25±4.40)％and(15.78±2.14)％;the number of invasive cells were 189.70±14.06,106.82±12.67,84.37±8.13 and 53.74±6.78;the relative expression levels of matrixmetallo proteinase-2 were 0.96±0.10,0.73±0.06,0.68±0.08 and 0.42±0.05;tissue inhibitor of MMP-1(TIMP-1)were 0.35±0.04,0.51±0.05,0.74±0.08 and 1.20±0.14;the apoptosis rates were(4.21±0.53)％,(15.83±2.42)％,(22.72±3.85)％and(34.41±4.67)％;the relative expression levels of B cell lymphoma-2(Bcl-2)were 1.38±0.15,0.90±0.10,0.56±0.06 and 0.24±0.03;Bcl-2 associated X protein(Bax)were 0.31±0.02,0.44±0.04,0.93±0.11 and 1.26±0.14;the relative expression levels of PI3Kp85 were 0.67±0.05,0.42±0.04,0.36±0.02 and 0.28±0.03;phosphorylated Akt(p-Akt)were 0.78±0.06,0.53±0.04,0.46±0.05 and 0.42±0.03.Compared with the blank group,the above indexes in the experimental-L,-M,-H groups were statistically significant(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01).Conclusion Scutellarin can inhibit the proliferation,metastatic ability and invasion of endometrial carcinoma Ishikawa cells and promote apoptosis by regulating PI3K/Akt signaling pathway.

Objective To observe the application effect of intra-arterial tirofiban during mechanical thrombectomy for acute anterior circulation cerebral infarction.Methods The clinical data of patients with acute anterior circulation cerebral infarction were retrospectively analyzed.According to cohort method,they were divided into control group and treatment group.The control group was treated with mechanical thrombectomy,while the treatment group was additionally given intra-arterial therapy with tirofiban 0.25-0.5 mg on the basis of the control group.The perioperative indicators(surgical time,number of thrombectomy,vascular recanalization time,vascular recanalization rate),National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS)score before treatment and at 24 hours and 7 days after treatment,platelet indicators[mean platelet distribution width(PDW),mean platelet volume(MPV),plateletcrit(PCT)],hemorheological indicators[plasma viscosity(PV),low whole blood viscosity(LWBV),high whole blood viscosity(HWBV)],serum indicators[high-sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP),tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF)]and clinical efficacy were compared,and the safety of the treatment regimen was assessed.Results There were 92 patients were finally included in this study,including 49 cases in control group and 43 cases in treatment group.The effective rates in treatment group and control group were 75.51％(37 cases/49 cases)and 93.02％(40 cases/43 cases),with significant difference(P＜0.05).The surgical times in treatment group and control group were(93.53±9.86)and(91.59±8.36)min;the vascular recanalization times were(78.46±9.69)and(77.40±10.32)min;the vascular recanalization rates were 93.02％and 83.67％;the NIHSS scores were(10.32±2.90)and(9.59±2.84)points at 24 hours after treatment,all with no significant difference(all P＞0.05).At 7 days after treatment,the NIHSS scores in treatment group and control group were(3.34±1.25)and(4.12±1.48)points;the PDW values were(12.58±1.81)％and(14.15±1.95)％;MPV values were(9.16±1.24)and(11.26±1.86)fL;PCT levels were(0.33±0.05)％and(0.29±0.04)％;PV values were(1.64±0.27)and(1.99±0.24)mPa·s-1;LWBV values were(4.16±0.48)and(5.01±0.49)mPa·s-1;HWBV values were(8.12±0.54)and(9.27±0.68)mPa·s-1;serum hs-CRP levels were(3.57±0.45)and(4.48±0.83)mg·L-1;TNF-α levels were(20.42±4.55)and(27.34±4.95)ng·L-1;VEGF levels were(738.80±52.41)and(664.72±41.68)ng·L-1,all with significant difference(all P＜0.05).Incidence rates of adverse drug reactions in treatment group and control group were 8.16％(4 cases/49 cases)and 4.65％(2 cases/43 cases)respectively,with no significant difference(P＞0.05).Conclusion Intra-arterial tirofiban therapy during thrombectomy for acute anterior circulation cerebral infarction has good neurological function and prognosis,and it may be related to the improvement of platelet function and cerebral tissue blood flow and relief of inflammatory response.

Objective The aim of the study was to investigate how morphine(Mor)effects mitochondrial dynamics change of H9c2 induced by hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R).Methods Myocardial H9c2 cells were divided into blank group(without treatment),model group(H/R treatment),control group(5 μmol·L-1 Mor treatment)and experimental group(H/R+5 μmol·L-1 Mor treatment).The content of reactive oxygen species(ROS),mitochondrial membrane potential(MMP),and complex of Ⅰ and Ⅲ activity were detected using ROS,tetramethylrhodamine ethyl ester(TMRE),and mitochondrial complex of Ⅰ and Ⅲ activity detection kits,respectively.The morphology of mitochondria and lysosomes was observed by transmission electron microscope electron microscopy(TEM);Western blot was used to detect the expression of GTPase kinetic protein 1(Drp1),cytochrome c oxidase Ⅳ(COX Ⅳ)and transporters of the outer mitochondrial membrane(TOM20).Results The nuclear membrane was smooth and complete;the mitochondrial size was consistent;the crest arrangement was neat;vacuolization was reduced or even disappeared;the mitochondrial matrix electron density was increased;the number of autophagosomes was decreased in the experimental group.The contents of ROS in blank group,model group,control group and experimental group were 1.03±0.04,1.53±0.10,1.06±0.06 and 1.10±0.11;MMP were 1.00±0.15,0.80±0.16,1.06±0.19 and 1.00±0.19;the activities of complex of Ⅰ were 1.00±0.08,2.28±0.82,1.05±0.26 and 1.13±0.37;the activities of complex of Ⅲ were 1.00±0.09,2.13±0.38,0.83±0.22 and 0.96±0.11;the expression of Drp1 protein were 1.00±0.14,1.27±0.07,0.97±0.21 and 0.93±0.17;the expression of fission protein 1(Fis1)protein were 1.00±0.16,1.33±0.18,1.17±0.25 and 0.99±0.05;the expression of COX Ⅳ protein were 1.00±0.25,0.62±0.08,0.79±0.26 and 0.97±0.16;the expression of TOM20 protein were 1.00±0.13,0.67±0.15,0.75±0.13 and 0.89±0.05.The above indexes of model group were significantly different from those of blank group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001,P＜0.000 1).The above indexes of experimental group were significantly different from those of model group(P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.001,P＜0.000 1).Conclusion Morphine may inhibit mitophagy and fission,and alleviated mitochondrial oxidative stress damage by decreasing the activity of respiratory chain complex of Ⅰ and Ⅲ,thus maintaining mitochondrial dynamic homeostasis and alleviating H/R-induced myocardial cell damage.

ObjectiveTranscription factor NFE2 was observed abnormal expression in myeloproliferative neoplasm (MPN) patients. However, how NFE2 is transcriptionally regulated remains ambiguous. This study aims to explore the elements and molecular mechanisms involved in the transcriptional regulation of NFE2. MethodsActive enhancers were predicted by public NGS data and conformed experimentally via dual luciferase reporter assay. After that, PRO-seq and GRO-seq data was used to detect enhancer RNAs transcribed from these enhancers. RACE was utilized to clone the full length enhancer RNA (eRNA) transcripts, and RT-qPCR was used to measure their expression in different leukemia cell lines as well as the transcript levels during induced differentiation. Finally, to investigate the molecular function of the eRNA, overexpression and knockdown of the eRNA via lentivirus system was performed in K562 cells. ResultsWe identified three enhancers regulating NFE2 transcription, which located at -3.6k, -6.2k and +6.3k from NFE2 transcription start site (TSS) respectively. At the -3.6k enhancer, we cloned an eRNA transcript and characterized that as a lncRNA which was expressed and located in the nucleus in three types of leukemia cell lines. When this lncRNA was overexpressed, expression of NFE2 was upregulated and decreases of K562 cell proliferation and migration ability were observed. While knocking down of this lncRNA, the level of NFE2 decreases correspondingly and the proliferation ability of K562 cells increases accordingly. ConclusionWe identified an enhancer lncRNA that regulates NFE2 transcription positively and suppresses K562 cell proliferation.

Pulmonary disease is one of the major threats to human health. However, the current clinical treatment drugs for lung diseases generally have problems such as low lung delivery efficiency, fast clearance rate and obvious toxic side effects. Recently, membrane biomimetic nanocarriers have attracted more and more attention. Due to their advantages of high targeting, long cycle time, good biocompatibility and strong immune escape ability, membrane biomimetic nanocarriers have become a major research hotspot in targeted therapy of lung diseases. In this review, we discuss the main preparation methods of membrane biomimetic nanoparticles, the characteristics of membrane biomimetic nanocarriers from different cell sources and their application in the targeted therapy of lung diseases. At the same time, according to the characteristics of different membranes, the shortcomings, current technical limitations and future prospects are discussed. This review is expected to provide references for the design of membrane biomimetic nanocarriers and their potential applications in the treatment of lung diseases.

It is believed that children bronchiolitis obliterans （BO） is located at the lung and closely related to the spleen and kidney. Phlegm， stasis， block and deficiency are the main pathogenesis. This article promotes staged differentiation and treatment of BO considering the clinical manifestations and pathogenesis characteristics. The attack stage is dominated by phlegm and stasis blocking the lung， for which the method of dissolving phlegm and dispelling stasis， relieving cough and calming panting should be used； Xiaoqinglong Decoction（小青龙汤） and Sanzi Yangqin Decoction （三子养亲汤） with modifications and selfmade Modified Wuhu Decoction （五虎汤加味） are recommended for cold-phlegm blocking the lung syndrome and phlegm heat blocking the lung syndrome， respectively. In sustained stage， the upper excess and lower deficiency together with phlegm-stasis blocking the lung are the pathogenesis， for which the method of dissolving phlegm and dispelling stasis， reopening the block and supplementing deficiency is suggested， and Xiaoqinglong Decotion （小青龙汤） and Duqi pills （都气丸） with modifications can be used. In convalescent stage， the pathogenesis is lung-spleen-kidney depletion with residual pathogen. It suggested to supplement the deficiency and consolidate the root， as well as clear the residual pathogen， for which Baogen NO.1 Decoction （宝根1号方） with modifications can be used.

Cells undergo glucose metabolism reprogramming under the influence of the inflammatory microenvironment, changing their primary mode of energy supply from oxidative phosphorylation to aerobic glycolysis. This process is involved in all stages of inflammation-related diseases development. Glucose metabolism reprogramming not only changes the metabolic pattern of individual cells, but also disrupts the metabolic homeostasis of the body microenvironment, which further promotes aerobic glycolysis and provides favourable conditions for the malignant progression of inflammation-related diseases. The metabolic enzymes, transporter proteins, and metabolites of aerobic glycolysis are all key signalling molecules, and drugs can inhibit aerobic glycolysis by targeting these specific key molecules to exert therapeutic effects. This paper reviews the impact of glucose metabolism reprogramming on the development of inflammation-related diseases such as inflammation-related tumours, rheumatoid arthritis and Alzheimer's disease, and the therapeutic effects of drugs targeting glucose metabolism reprogramming on these diseases.

In recent years,with the continuous progress of DNA extraction and detection technology,cell-free DNA(cfDNA)has been widely used in the life science field,and its potential application value in forensic identification is becoming more and more obvious.This paper reviews the concept,formation mechanism,and classification of cfDNA,etc.,and describes the latest research progress of cfDNA in personal identification of crime scene touch DNA samples and non-invasive prenatal pater-nity testing(NIPPT).Meanwhile,this paper summarizes the potential application of cfDNA in injury inference,and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of common cfDNA analysis methods and techniques,and its application prospects,to provide a new idea for the wide application of cfDNA in the field of forensic science.