ObjectiveAutism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by difficulties with communication and social interaction, restricted and repetitive behaviors. Previous studies have indicated that individuals with ASD exhibit early and lifelong attention deficits, which are closely related to the core symptoms of ASD. Basic visual attention processes may provide a critical foundation for their social communication and interaction abilities. Therefore, this study explores the behavior of children with ASD in capturing attention to changes in topological properties. MethodsOur study recruited twenty-seven ASD children diagnosed by professional clinicians according to DSM-5 and twenty-eight typically developing (TD) age-matched controls. In an attention capture task, we recorded the saccadic behaviors of children with ASD and TD in response to topological change (TC) and non-topological change (nTC) stimuli. Saccadic reaction time (SRT), visual search time (VS), and first fixation dwell time (FFDT) were used as indicators of attentional bias. Pearson correlation tests between the clinical assessment scales and attentional bias were conducted. ResultsThis study found that TD children had significantly faster SRT (P<0.05) and VS (P<0.05) for the TC stimuli compared to the nTC stimuli, while the children with ASD did not exhibit significant differences in either measure (P>0.05). Additionally, ASD children demonstrated significantly less attention towards the TC targets (measured by FFDT), in comparison to TD children (P<0.05). Furthermore, ASD children exhibited a significant negative linear correlation between their attentional bias (measured by VS) and their scores on the compulsive subscale (P<0.05). ConclusionThe results suggest that children with ASD have difficulty shifting their attention to objects with topological changes during change detection. This atypical attention may affect the child’s cognitive and behavioral development, thereby impacting their social communication and interaction. In sum, our findings indicate that difficulties in attentional capture by TC may be a key feature of ASD.

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which is essentially primary liver cancer,is closely related to CD8+T cell immune infiltration and immune suppression.We constructed a CD8+T cells related risk score model to pre-dict the prognosis of HCC patients and provided therapeutic guidance based on the risk score.Using integrated bulk RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)and single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)datasets,we identified stable CD8+T cell signatures.Based on these signatures,a 3-gene risk score model,comprised of KLRB1,RGS2,and TN-FRSF1B was constructed.The risk score model was well validated through an independent external validation co-hort.We divided patients into high-risk and low-risk groups according to the risk score and compared the differ-ences in immune microenvironment between these two groups.Compared with low-risk patients,high-risk patients have higher M2-type macrophage content(P＜0.0001)and lower CD8+T cells infiltration(P＜0.0001).High-risk patients predict worse response to immunotherapy treatment than low-risk patients(P＜0.01).Drug sensitivity a-nalysis shows that PI3K-β inhibitor AZD6482 and TGFβRII inhibitor SB505124 may be suitable therapies for high-risk patients,while the IGF-1R inhibitor BMS-754807 or the novel pyrimidine-based anti-tumor metabolic drug Gemcitabine could be potential therapeutic choices for low-risk patients.Moreover,expression of these 3-gene mod-el was verified by immunohistochemistry.In summary,the establishment and validation of a CD8+T cell-derived risk model can more accurately predict the prognosis of HCC patients and guide the construction of personalized treatment plans.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of combined extracranial-intracranial revascularization on elderly patients with symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion, and to evaluate its safety and efficacy in the elderly population.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 35 elderly patients(aged ≥60 years)who underwent combined extracranial-intracranial revascularization for symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion in the Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2017 to June 2022.The clinical data during hospitalization, as well as the follow-up data within 2 years after operation, were collected and analyzed.Results:A total of 35 cases of combined extracranial-intracranial revascularization were performed on 35 patients.The age at surgery ranged from 60 to 74 years(mean age 65.5 ± 4.2 years). The incidence of reversible neurological deficits within 2 weeks postoperation was 34.3%, and the incidence of focal cerebral infarction within 30 days postoperation was 5.7%.The patency rate of the bridging vessel was 97.1% at 3 months postoperation., and the incidence of focal cerebral infarction during the follow-up period of 30 days to 2 years postoperation was 2.9%.At 3 months after surgery, computed tomography perfusion imaging showed that regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), regional cerebral blood volume(rCBV), regional mean transit time(rMTT), and regional time to peak(rTTP)were improved compared with those before surgery.The modified Rankin scale score decreased compared to preoperative values, while the Montreal Cognitive Assessment showed improvement in cognitive function compared to preoperative levels(all P<0.05). From 6 months to 1-year postoperation, cerebral angiography showed that 38.7% of the patients had neovascularization of Matsushima grade A or grade B. No cases of cerebral hemorrhage or death was observed during the treatment and follow-up. Conclusions:Combined extracranial-intracranial revascularization is safe and effective for elderly patients with symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion, which can improve the patient′s hemodynamic disorders, prevent infarction events, and improve the patients′ neurological function and cognitive ability.

Objective To develop a portable heat illness/stroke first-aid kit for on-site first aid of heat illness patients and verify its application effect.Methods The portable heat illness/stroke first-aid kit was composed of a main box,an adjustable telescopic rod,adjustable shoulder straps,universal rollers and a thermal insulation container.The main box made of aluminum alloy material had the inner surface lined with Oxford cloth,which was equipped with an infrared cochlear thermometer,a nebulizer,first aid medicines,heat stroke medicines,a sun umbrella,a cooling blanket,etc;the adjustable telescopic rod was made of aluminum-magnesium alloy;the adjustable shoulder straps was made of high-density nylon webbing;the universal rollers were rubberized and had wheel brakes;the thermal insulation container was located in the lower storage compartment inside the main box,which used polyurethane(PU)material for thermal insulation.The data on on-site first aid of the patients with moderate heat illness or stroke at some institution from 2019 to 2022 were analyzed retrospectively,with the patients treated with the traditional methods enrolled into a control group and the ones with the first-aid kit into an experimental group.The temperature changes at 0,10,20,30,40,50 and 60 min after the start of treatment were investigated to compare the cooling effects of the two groups.Results The heat illness/stroke first-aid kit lowered the patient temperature effectively during the on-site first aid of the patients with moderate heat illness or stroke,with higher cooling speed and effect than the traditional methods,especially at the early stage of treatment.Conclusion The heat illness/stroke first-aid kit with complete functions and easy operation decreases temperature of heat illness patients efficiently,and can be applicable to the scenarios such as field training and outdoors high-temperature operation.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(9):108-113]

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),which is essentially primary liver cancer,is closely related to CD8+T cell immune infiltration and immune suppression.We constructed a CD8+T cells related risk score model to pre-dict the prognosis of HCC patients and provided therapeutic guidance based on the risk score.Using integrated bulk RNA sequencing(RNA-seq)and single-cell RNA sequencing(scRNA-seq)datasets,we identified stable CD8+T cell signatures.Based on these signatures,a 3-gene risk score model,comprised of KLRB1,RGS2,and TN-FRSF1B was constructed.The risk score model was well validated through an independent external validation co-hort.We divided patients into high-risk and low-risk groups according to the risk score and compared the differ-ences in immune microenvironment between these two groups.Compared with low-risk patients,high-risk patients have higher M2-type macrophage content(P＜0.0001)and lower CD8+T cells infiltration(P＜0.0001).High-risk patients predict worse response to immunotherapy treatment than low-risk patients(P＜0.01).Drug sensitivity a-nalysis shows that PI3K-β inhibitor AZD6482 and TGFβRII inhibitor SB505124 may be suitable therapies for high-risk patients,while the IGF-1R inhibitor BMS-754807 or the novel pyrimidine-based anti-tumor metabolic drug Gemcitabine could be potential therapeutic choices for low-risk patients.Moreover,expression of these 3-gene mod-el was verified by immunohistochemistry.In summary,the establishment and validation of a CD8+T cell-derived risk model can more accurately predict the prognosis of HCC patients and guide the construction of personalized treatment plans.

Objective To study the change of common bile duct pressure after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in patients with common bile duct stones.Methods Clinical data of 17 patients with common bile duct stones treated in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 were collected.All patients underwent laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and common bile duct pressure measurement.The patients were followed up for 8 weeks after operation,and the common bile duct pressure was measured by indwelling T tube at 2,3,4 and 8 weeks.Results Among the 17 patients,1 patient showed persistent high common bile duct pressure due to residual common bile duct stones.In the remaining 16 patients,there were no significant difference between the initial common bile duct pressure(19.7 cm H2O)and the common bile duct pressure at postoperative(17.0 cm H2O)and week 1(15.5cmH2O)(P＞0.05).There were significant differences between the initial common bile duct pressure and the common bile duct pressure at week 2(13.5 cm H2O),3(12.2 cm H2O),4(11.1 cm H2O)and 8(10.0cmH2O)(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared to initial common bile duct pressure,the pressure of common bile duct began to decrease significantly from 2 weeks after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in patients with common bile duct stones.

Morphea alopecia is a rare secondary cicatricial alopecia, often caused by linear scleroderma of the scalp. When hair loss appears as the only symptom of morphea, it is easily confused with other localized alopecia. The diagnosis of morphea alopecia depends on histopathologic and dermoscopic examinations. In order to improve the understanding of morphea alopecia among clinicians, this review summarizes research progress in its pathogenesis, clinical and pathological characteristics, diagnosis and treatment.

Objective To study the change of common bile duct pressure after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in patients with common bile duct stones.Methods Clinical data of 17 patients with common bile duct stones treated in our hospital from January 2022 to December 2022 were collected.All patients underwent laparoscopic common bile duct exploration and common bile duct pressure measurement.The patients were followed up for 8 weeks after operation,and the common bile duct pressure was measured by indwelling T tube at 2,3,4 and 8 weeks.Results Among the 17 patients,1 patient showed persistent high common bile duct pressure due to residual common bile duct stones.In the remaining 16 patients,there were no significant difference between the initial common bile duct pressure(19.7 cm H2O)and the common bile duct pressure at postoperative(17.0 cm H2O)and week 1(15.5cmH2O)(P＞0.05).There were significant differences between the initial common bile duct pressure and the common bile duct pressure at week 2(13.5 cm H2O),3(12.2 cm H2O),4(11.1 cm H2O)and 8(10.0cmH2O)(P＜0.05).Conclusion Compared to initial common bile duct pressure,the pressure of common bile duct began to decrease significantly from 2 weeks after laparoscopic common bile duct exploration in patients with common bile duct stones.

Objective:To investigate the therapeutic effect of combined extracranial-intracranial revascularization on elderly patients with symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion, and to evaluate its safety and efficacy in the elderly population.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on 35 elderly patients(aged ≥60 years)who underwent combined extracranial-intracranial revascularization for symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion in the Department of Neurosurgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University from January 2017 to June 2022.The clinical data during hospitalization, as well as the follow-up data within 2 years after operation, were collected and analyzed.Results:A total of 35 cases of combined extracranial-intracranial revascularization were performed on 35 patients.The age at surgery ranged from 60 to 74 years(mean age 65.5 ± 4.2 years). The incidence of reversible neurological deficits within 2 weeks postoperation was 34.3%, and the incidence of focal cerebral infarction within 30 days postoperation was 5.7%.The patency rate of the bridging vessel was 97.1% at 3 months postoperation., and the incidence of focal cerebral infarction during the follow-up period of 30 days to 2 years postoperation was 2.9%.At 3 months after surgery, computed tomography perfusion imaging showed that regional cerebral blood flow(rCBF), regional cerebral blood volume(rCBV), regional mean transit time(rMTT), and regional time to peak(rTTP)were improved compared with those before surgery.The modified Rankin scale score decreased compared to preoperative values, while the Montreal Cognitive Assessment showed improvement in cognitive function compared to preoperative levels(all P<0.05). From 6 months to 1-year postoperation, cerebral angiography showed that 38.7% of the patients had neovascularization of Matsushima grade A or grade B. No cases of cerebral hemorrhage or death was observed during the treatment and follow-up. Conclusions:Combined extracranial-intracranial revascularization is safe and effective for elderly patients with symptomatic chronic internal carotid artery occlusion, which can improve the patient′s hemodynamic disorders, prevent infarction events, and improve the patients′ neurological function and cognitive ability.