ObjectiveGastric hemorrhage is one of the most common and life-threatening emergencies of the upper digestive tract. Early identification and continuous monitoring are essential for reducing rebleeding rates and mortality, particularly within the critical early hours after onset. Although endoscopy and radiological imaging can accurately localize bleeding sites, these approaches are invasive, resource-intensive, and unsuitable for continuous bedside monitoring. Electrical impedance tomography (EIT), as a noninvasive and radiation-free functional imaging technique, offers real-time visualization of conductivity distribution and has the potential for detecting intragastric bleeding based on the electrical contrast between blood and surrounding gastric tissues. In this study, a three-dimensional gastric EIT (3D-gEIT) framework is proposed to achieve noninvasive, real-time, and dynamic monitoring of gastric hemorrhage, with emphasis on spatial localization and quantitative volume assessment. MethodsA three-dimensional upper-abdominal simulation model incorporating the stomach, gastric wall, gastric contents, and surrounding tissues was established. Three electrode configurations, namely the dual layer ring, the four layer staggered ring, and the opposed dual plane array, were designed and systematically compared to evaluate their influence on depth sensitivity and spatial resolution. Based on the Tikhonov-Noser hybrid regularization scheme, a region-clustering constraint was introduced to develop the TK-Noser-RCC algorithm. This approach aggregates spatially adjacent elements with similar conductivity variations, thereby enhancing structural continuity and suppressing isolated noise artifacts. To validate the proposed framework, an upper-abdominal physical phantom was constructed using agar to simulate background tissue conductivity. Hemispherical high-conductivity inclusions with volumes ranging from 10 ml to 50 ml were attached to the inner gastric wall to mimic localized bleeding under different gastric filling states. Boundary voltages were acquired under a 120 kHz excitation current and reconstructed using the TK-Noser-RCC algorithm. Furthermore, an in vivo animal experiment was performed using a porcine model with adult-scale abdominal dimensions. A total of 100 ml of autologous blood was injected incrementally into the stomach to simulate progressive gastric hemorrhage, and time-difference EIT reconstruction was conducted at each injection stage to assess the dynamic system response under physiological conditions. ResultsSimulation results demonstrated that the opposed dual-plane electrode array achieved superior depth sensitivity distribution and spatial resolution. For a 40 ml hemorrhage model, the average ICC and SSIM improved by 55.9% and 38.8% compared with the dual-layer ring configuration, and by 64.0% and 39.5% compared with the four-layer staggered configuration. The proposed region-clustering constraint significantly enhanced reconstruction stability. Under added Gaussian noise of 40 dB and 30 dB, ICC values remained approximately 0.85, indicating effective artifact suppression and preservation of boundary integrity. In physical phantom experiments, reconstructed hemorrhage volumes increased approximately linearly with the preset hemispherical volumes, and the reconstructed high-conductivity regions closely matched the actual bleeding locations. Both empty-stomach and full-stomach conditions were evaluated, demonstrating that the opposed dual-plane configuration maintained stable imaging performance across varying gastric contents. In the animal experiment, reconstructed low-impedance regions expanded progressively with increasing injected blood volume. The spatial localization of the hemorrhage remained stable throughout the procedure, and no significant artifacts were observed. Quantitative analysis showed that reconstructed volume and average conductivity variation exhibited an approximately linear growth trend with injected blood volume, confirming the sensitivity of the system to dynamic intragastric conductivity changes. ConclusionThe proposed 3D-gEIT framework enables quantitative reconstruction of gastric hemorrhage volume and spatial distribution with improved depth sensitivity, structural continuity, and noise robustness compared with conventional EIT approaches. By integrating optimized electrode configuration and a region-clustering-constrained reconstruction algorithm, the system provides stable dynamic monitoring under both controlled phantom conditions and in vivo physiological environments. This method offers a noninvasive, real-time, and low-cost imaging strategy for early diagnosis, postoperative monitoring, and bedside surveillance of gastric bleeding.

BACKGROUND:Lijin manipulation can promote skeletal muscle repair and treat skeletal muscle injury.However,the formation of fibrosis and scar tissue hyperplasia are closely related to the quality of skeletal muscle repair.To study the regulatory effect of Lijin manipulation on the formation of fibrosis and scar tissue hyperplasia is helpful to explain the related mechanism of Lijin manipulation to improve the repair quality of skeletal muscle injury. OBJECTIVE:To explore the mechanism of Lijin manipulation to improve the repair quality of skeletal muscle injury in rabbits,thereby providing a scientific basis for clinical treatment. METHODS:Forty-five healthy adult Japanese large-ear white rabbits were randomly divided into blank group,model group and Lijin group,with 15 rats in each group.Gastrocnemius strike modeling was performed in both model group and Lijin group.The Lijin group began to intervene with tendon manipulation on the 3rd day after modeling,once a day,and 15 minutes at a time.Five animals in each group were killed on the 7th,14th and 21st days after modeling.The morphology and inflammatory cell count of gastrocnemius were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining,the collagen fiber amount was observed by Masson staining,the expression of interleukin-6 and interleukin-10 in gastrocnemius was detected by ELISA.The protein and mRNA expressions of paired cassette gene 7,myogenic differentiation factor,myoblastogenin,alpha-actin,transforming growth factor beta 1,and type Ⅰ collagen were detected by western blot and RT-PCR,respectively,and the expression of type Ⅰ collagen protein was detected by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Hematoxylin-eosin staining and Masson staining showed that compared with the model group,inflammatory cell infiltration and collagen fiber content decreased in the Lijin group(P<0.01),and the muscle fibers gradually healed.ELISA results showed that compared with the model group,the expression of interleukin-6 in the Lijin group continued to decrease(P<0.05),and the expression of interleukin-10 increased on the 7th day after modeling(P<0.05)and then showed a decreasing trend(P<0.05).Western blot and RT-PCR results showed that compared with the model group,the protein and mRNA expressions of paired cassette gene 7,myogenic differentiation factor,myoblastogenin in the Lijin group were significantly increased on the 14th day after modeling(P<0.05),but decreased on the 21st day(P<0.05);the protein and mRNA expressions of alpha-actin,transforming growth factor beta 1,and type Ⅰ collagen in the Lijin group were significantly decreased compared with those in the model group(P<0.05).Immunohistochemical results showed that the expression of type Ⅰ collagen in the Lijin group was significantly lower than that in the model group(P<0.05).To conclude,Lijin manipulation could improve the repair quality of skeletal muscle injury by inhibiting inflammation,promoting the proliferation and differentiation of muscle satellite cells,and reducing fibrosis.

Laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (LSC) has been a safe and viable alternative to conversion to laparotomy in cases of severe cholecystitis. The objective of this study is to determine the utility of intraoperative choledochoscopy in LSC for the exploration of the gallbladder, cyst duct, and subsequent stone clearance of the cystic duct in cases of severe cholecystitis. A total of 72 patients diagnosed with severe cholecystitis received choledochoscopy-assisted laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy (CALSC). A choledochoscopy was performed to explore the gallbladder cavity and/or cystic duct, and to extract stones using a range of techniques. The clinical records, including the operative records and outcomes, were subjected to analysis. No LSC was converted to open surgery, and no bile duct or vascular injuries were sustained. All stones within the cystic duct were removed by a combination of techniques, including high-frequency needle knife electrotomy, basket, and electrohydraulic lithotripsy. A follow-up examination revealed the absence of residual bile duct stones, with the exception of one common bile duct stone, which was extracted via endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. In certain special cases, CALSC may prove to be an efficacious treatment for the management of severe cholecystitis. This technique allows for optimal comprehension of the situation within the gallbladder cavity and cystic duct, facilitating the removal of stones from the cystic duct and reducing the residue of the non-functional gallbladder remnant.

In-fusion cloning technology,as a revolutionary and efficient molecular biology tool,has been applied in multiple research fields such as basic biology,biotechnology,and biomedicine.In this article,we introduce a teaching reform project suitable for undergraduate students in the course of"Molecular Bi-ology Laboratory",which utilizes in-Fusion cloning technology to construct a prokaryotic expression vector for alkaline phosphatase mutant genes.Through specific teaching cases,we systematically explored the design and implementation of experimental projects,and focused on analyzing the key and difficult points of the teaching content.Our teaching practice has found that the implementation of this educational re-form project has achieved very good results in enhancing students' core biological literacy,bioinformatics skills,research thinking,and innovation abilities.At the same time,the application of this technology can significantly improve the quality of experimental teaching,providing new ideas and practical refer-ences for promoting the reform and innovation of National First-Class Courses.

Primary aldosteronism(PA)is an important cause of secondary hypertension,and adrenal vein sampling(AVS),as the gold standard for identifying the dominant side in PA,plays a critical role in guiding subsequent therapeutic strategies.AVS is an invasive procedure that is not yet widely available in China.To promote the popularization and standardization of AVS,the Chinese Society of Hypertension(Chinese Research Hospital Association)and the Group of Interventional Diagnosis and Treatment of Hypertension(China International Exchange and Promotive Association for Medical and Health Care)have summarized domestic and foreign evidence and the operational experience of many experts.This consensus has summarized and updated the significance,indications,pre-procedural preparation,procedural steps and key points,prevention and management of complications,and result interpretation of AVS.This consensus provides comprehensive and clinically relevant guidance for the clinical practice and development of AVS,effectively promoting its popularization and standardization.

BACKGROUND:Remyelination in the central nervous system is a basic repair process triggered by demyelinating events,mainly through the proliferation,migration,and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells into oligodendrocytes.The process of remyelination is affected by many factors such as astrocytes,myelin debris,microglia,macrophages,endothelial cells,pericytes,T cells,and age.OBJECTIVE:Astrocytes play an important role in regulating synaptic activity,nutritional support,and tissue repair in the central nervous system.This review aims to provide potential therapeutic targets for demyelinating diseases of central nervous system by reviewing the role of astrocytes in remyelination.METHODS:A search was conducted on relevant literature collected from CNKI,PubMed,and Web of Science from 2014 tO 2024.The search terms were"astrocytes,oligodendrocyte precursor cells,remyelination"in both Chinese and English.Finally,66 articles were included after screening and summarized.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The treatment of demyelinating diseases,such as multiple sclerosis,is limited to disease-modifying therapies,and there is no available method to overcome the failure of remyelination.Therefore,it is necessary to explore targets related to remyelination to promote myelin repair.(2)Remyelination is a process in which oligodendrocyte precursor cells proliferate,migrate,differentiate,and mature into oligodendrocytes,and the latter produce myelin to wrap axons to form myelin sheath.(3)Astrocytes regulate remyelination by phagocytosis of myelin debris,participating in inflammatory response,transforming into oligodendrocyte lineage cells,providing energy supply for oligodendrocyte lineage cells,releasing neurotrophic factors,and secreting extracellular matrix components.(4)The drugs screened in this paper use astrocytes and their derived factors as intervention targets to regulate the remyelination.Some drugs have satisfactory effects,but their effectiveness and safety still need more basic research and clinical trials to verify.(5)The mechanism of action of astrocytes in remyelination has not been fully elucidated,and the related molecular targets and signaling pathways can be further studied.

Objective:To explore the role of LncRNA NKILA/NF-κB signal pathway in the injury of keratinocytes in oral lichen planus(OLP).Methods:Immortalized human epidermal cells(HaCaTs)were induced by bacterial lipopolysaccharide(LPS)to establish an in vitro cell model of OLP.HaCaTs stably overexpressing NKILA were constructed by lentivirus method.HaCaTs were divided into 4 groups:Control group,Control+LPS group,empty vector infected with lentivirus(NC)+LPS group,overexpressed NKILA(OE)+LPS group.Cell proliferation,apoptosis,total superoxide dismutase(SOD)activity,lipid malondialdehyde oxide(MDA),reactive oxygen species(ROS),expression of related inflammatory factors,p65(nuclear,mass)and NF-κB signaling pathway related protein expression and p65 expression and localization were respectively detected.Results:Compared with Control group,the expression of NKILA,cell proliferation activity and SOD enzyme activity in Control+LPS group were significantly de-creased,while the apoptosis rate,MDA,ROS,IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α and p65(nuclear and plasma)expression levels were signifi-cantly up-regulated(P＜0.05).Compared with Control+LPS group,the cell proliferation activity and SOD activity were increased in OE+LPS group,and the expression levels of cell apoptosis,MDA,ROS,IL-6,IL-1β,TNF-α and p65(nuclear and plasma)were significantly decreased(P＜0.05),and the localization of p65 protein in the nucleus was significantly decreased in OE+LPS group.Conclusion:LncRNA NKILA may reduce the damage of keratinocytes in oral lichen planus by inhibiting NF-κB signal pathway.

Objective:To explore the clinical efficacy of olapalib in the treatment of platinum-sensitive recurrent breast cancer susceptibility gene (BRCA)-mutated ovarian cancer.Methods:The clinical data of 105 patients with platinum-sensitive recurrent BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer confirmed by pathology/imaging from October 2020 to March 2023 in Baoding Second Central Hospital were selected retrospectively, and they were divided into the control group (52 cases) and the experimental group (53 cases) according to the treatment methods. The control group was treated with a platinum-containing regimen, followed by olaparib at the end of the treatment. The experimental group was treated with olaparib. The recent clinical outcomes, tumour marker levels, ovarian cancer functional assessment of treatment questionnaire (FACT-O) score, cancer fatigue scale (CFS) score, and adverse reaction were compared between the two groups. The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier, and the prognosis was compared.Results:The overall response rate clinical in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group: 64.15%(34/53) vs.44.23%(23/52), there was a statistical difference ( χ2 = 4.20, P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of serum glycoantigen (CA) 125, CA153, human epithelial protein 4 (HE4), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group: (42.35 ± 6.85) kU/L vs. (46.64 ± 7.11) kU/L, (24.26 ± 4.58) kU/L vs. (26.74 ± 5.20) kU/L, (144.25 ± 19.85) pmol/L vs. (155.64 ± 21.26) pmol/L, (335.32 ± 38.41) μg/L vs. (359.47 ± 41.24) μg/L; the FACT-O scores in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group: (55.24 ± 6.85)scores vs. (51.26 ± 7.19) scores; the CFS scores in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group: (38.51 ± 6.11) scores vs. (44.94 ± 8.38) scores, there were statistical differences ( P<0.05).After treatment, the rate of dizziness, nausea, leukopenia, neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and anemia in the experimental group were lower than those in the control group ( P<0.05). The results of the survival curve showed that the median progression-free survival in the experimental group was longer than that in the control group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Single-agent olaparib is effective in treating platinum-sensitive recurrent BRCA-mutated ovarian cancer, and can improve quality of life, reduce anemia and adverse reaction, and prolong patients′ median survival.

BACKGROUND:Electroacupuncture can treat oligoasthenospermia by stimulating hormone synthesis and release in the hypothalamus,pituitary gland and testis,but its mechanism is complex,and the efficacy of electroacupuncture is closely related to the idea of acupoint compatibility.OBJECTIVE:To explore whether electroacupuncture therapy can improve the function status of hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis by adjusting the level of serum related sex hormones in rats,so as to treat adenine-induced oligoasthenospermia in rats.METHODS:Fifty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into blank,model,electroacupuncture,L-carnitine,and non-meridian and non-acupuncture point groups,with 10 rats in each group.Except for the blank group,the rats in the other four groups were given 200 mg/(kg·d)adenine via intragastric administration for 28 days to establish oligoasthenospermia models.After modeling,the rats in the electroacupuncture group were given electroacupuncture treatment at Zhongji,Guanyuan,Zusanli and Sanyinjiao acupoints,the non-acupoint group was selected for electroacupuncture treatment at three non-acupoint points,and the rats in the L-carnitine group were given oral infusion of L-carnitine,once daily,for 28 continuous days.After treatment,the kidney and testicular organ coefficients were calculated.Sperm count,survival rate and motility rate were determined.Pathological morphological changes of kidney and testicular tissues were observed.Serum sex hormones testosterone,gonadotropin releasing hormone,follicle stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,estradiol,statin B and prolactin levels were detected in rats of each group.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1)The renal organ coefficient in the model group was higher than that in the blank,electroacupuncture and L-carnitine groups(P＜0.05),the renal organ coefficient in the non-acupoint group was higher than that in the electroacupuncture group(P＜0.05),and there was no significant difference in the testicular organ coefficient among all groups(P＞0.05).(2)Compared with the blank group,sperm count,survival rate and motility rate were decreased in the model group(P＜0.05);compared with the model group,sperm count,survival rate and motility rate were increased in the electroacupuncture group and L-carnitine group(P＜0.05);compared with the non-acupoint group,sperm count,survival rate and motility rate were higher in the electroacupuncture group(P＜0.05).(3)Hematoxylin-eosin staining results indicated that the kidney and testicular tissues of rats in the model group were severely damaged,while damage to kidney and testicular tissues was less in the electroacupuncture group and L-carnitine group compared with the model group,but severer in the non-acupoint group than the electroacupuncture group.(4)Compared with the blank group,the levels of testosterone,gonadotropin releasing hormone,and inhibin B in the serum of rats in the model group were decreased(P＜0.05),and the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,estradiol,and prolactin were increased(P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the levels of testosterone,gonadotropin-releasing hormone,and inhibin B in the serum of rats in the electroacupuncture group and L-carnitine group were increased(P＜0.05),and the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,estradiol,and prolactin were decreased(P＜0.05).Compared with the non-acupoint group,the levels of testosterone,gonadotropin-releasing hormone,and inhibin Bin the serum of the rats in electroacupuncture group were increased(P＜0.05),and the levels of follicle-stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,estradiol,and prolactin were decreased(P＜0.05).To conclude,electroacupuncture at Zhongji,Guanyuan,Zusanli,and Sanyinjiao acupoints can effectively treat oligoasthenospermia by regulating the functional state of the hypothalamic-pituitary-testicular axis in rats.

Objective To design a multifunctional moxibustion device in order to prevent moxibustion treatment from pollution and skin burns and to enhance its comfort and safety.Methods The new multifunctional moxibustion device was mainly composed of a master controller,a smoke exhaust mechanism and a moxibustion oil collection mechanism.The master controller consisted of control buttons,a type LX400 lifting motor,a lifting rod,a rotating arm,a smoke exhaust pipe and a type 8025 external exhaust fan.The smoke exhaust mechanism consisted of smoke exhaust holes and a cover.The moxibustion oil collection mechanism comprised a cover of the smoke exhaust mechanism,a fixation unit and a holding tank,which had its cover made of stainless steel with baking varnish treatment.Fifty outpatients from the department of rehabilitation and physical therapy of some hospital in the past 1 year were selected and divided into a control group and an experimental group using the randomized grouping method,with 25 patients in each group.The control group was treated with the conventional moxibustion apparatus,and the experimental group was treated with the device developed.The two groups were compared in terms of patient comfort and complications.Results The two groups had significant differences in patient comfort and complications,of which,the control group had all the patients with degrees of syptoms including dizziness,coughing and sneezing and 21 ones feeling uncomfortable,and the experimental group had most of the patients with no adverse reactions and only 2 ones feeling uncomfortable(P<0.05).Conclusion The new multifunctional moxibustion device developed gains advantages in safety and practicability,which enhances patient comfort and prevents complications and thus is of great practical value.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(9):118-120]