ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of jatrorrhizine on endogenous metabolites and metabolic pathways in the mouse model of ulcerative colitis. MethodsThirty male C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into the normal group， the model group， the low-dose and high-dose jatrorrhizine groups （0.04， 0.16 g·kg^-1）， and the mesalazine group （0.52 g·kg^-1）The mouse model of ulcerative colitis was established with 3% dextran sulfate sodium （DSS） and treated with different doses of jatrorrhizine by gavage. The changes in body weight， colon length， disease activity index （DAI）， and colonic histopathology were analyzed to evaluate the therapeutic effects of jatrorrhizine. UPLC-Q-TOF/MS was employed to determine the serum and fecal levels of metabolites in mice. Metabolomics methods were used to screen the differential metabolites， on the basis of which the potential therapeutic mechanism of jatrorrhizine on DSS-induced ulcerative colitis in mice was investigated. ResultsAfter intervention with jatrorrhizine， the model mice showed significantly decreased DAI（P<0.05，P<0.01）， recovered colon length，（P<0.05，P<0.01） and alleviated histopathology of the colon. The metabolomics study screened out 13 differential metabolites in the serum and 8 differential metabolites in the feces. The pathway enrichment analysis predicted three potential metabolic pathways： Biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids， phenylalanine， tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis， and phenylalanine metabolism. ConclusionJatrorrhizine may treat ulcerative colitis by regulating the biosynthesis and metabolism of amino acids and the synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids.

Tenosynovial giant cell tumor (TGCT) is a rare mesenchymal tumor that clinically presents as nodular-type or diffuse-type (D-TGCT). D-TGCT is more aggressive, has a higher surgical recurrence rate, and can potentially lead to severe joint destruction. The traditional treatment is primarily through surgical intervention. Recent advancements in understanding the molecular mechanisms of the disease and the development of new drugs have significantly changed TGCT treatment strategies. Drug therapy and active surveillance have become important treatment options for unresectable or high-recurrence-risk TGCT. Imaging examinations and patient-reported outcome tools play a crucial role in evaluating efficacy and guiding treatment decisions. Comprehensive management by a multidisciplinary team and utilizing individualized treatment plans can significantly improve the quality of life and treatment outcomes of patients. Future research should explore the molecular mechanisms of TGCT, enhance multidisciplinary collaboration, and emphasize long-term management to improve treatment efficacy and patient prognosis.

Objective To explore the rehabilitative effects of flash cupping combined with respiratory training in patients with occupational pneumoconiosis (hereinafter referred to as "pneumoconiosis"). Methods A total of 94 patients with pneumoconiosis were selected as the study subjects by the convenient sampling method. Participants were divided into treatment group and control group based on pneumoconiosis stage using the stratified block randomization method, with 47 cases in each group. The patients in the control group received routine symptomatic treatment, and the patients in the treatment group received flash cupping therapy combined with respiratory training in addition to the routine treatment for six weeks. Diaphragmatic displacement (DD), 6-minutes walking distance (6MWD), metabolic equivalents of task (MET), predicted percentage of forced vital capacity (FVC%), predicted percentage of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV₁%), Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Assessment Test (CAT) score, and the modified British Medical Research Council Respiratory Questionnaire (mMRC) were assessed before treatment, after six weeks of treatment, and three months after completion of treatment. Results Before treatment, no significant differences were observed in patients between the two groups in DD, 6MWD, MET, FVC%, FEV₁%, CAT score, or mMRC grade (all P>0.05). DD, 6MWD, and MET of patients in the treatment group were higher than those before treatment in the same group and those of the control group at the corresponding time points after six weeks of treatment (all P<0.05). In addition, the CAT score of patients in the treatment group was lower than that before treatment (P<0.05). At three months after treatment, 6MWD and MET of patients in the treatment group were higher than those before treatment and those of the control group at the same time points (all P<0.05). There were no significant differences in FVC%, FEV₁% and mMRC grade of patients between the two groups (all P>0.05). Conclusion Flash cupping combined with respiratory training can improve the diaphragmatic function, exercise endurance and quality of life of patients with pneumoconiosis, and has improved exercise endurance, which can be used as a useful supplementary treatment in the pulmonary rehabilitation of pneumoconiosis.

Historically,with the decentralisation of county-level medical service price management,inconsistencies in large urban county medical service prices have arisen,facing a serious challenge to the allocation of regional medical resources and the fairness of patients' access to healthcare.There is therefore an urgent need to integrate and standardise county medical service prices.It provides a comprehensive overview of the integration process of county medical service prices in Zhengzhou,focusing on the establishment of integration principles,the determination of programme parameters,the initial integration phase,and the refinement of measurement mechanisms.It also puts forward a series of recommendations and strategies for enhancement,including the further rationalisation of the ratio-price relationship among items,the gradual promotion of price adjustment,and the establishment of a continuous dynamic monitoring mechanism.It also puts forward suggestions and strategies for improvement in terms of further rationalising the price relationship between items and gradually promoting price adjustment,and establishing a continuous dynamic monitoring mechanism.

Objective To investigate the changes of serum cathepsin L(CTSL)in patients with acute exacerbation of chronic heart failure(CHF)and its relationship with lipid metabolism and severity of the disease.Methods A prospective study was conducted on 186 elderly patients with acute exacerbation of CHF admitted to our hospital from February 2021 to October 2024.Their serum levels of CTSL and lipid metabolism indicators were measured at admission.According to the quartile of CTSL,they were divided into groups A(CTSL≤3.31 μg/L,47 cases),B(3.31μg/L＜CTSL≤3.70 μg/L,46 cases),C(3.70 μg/L＜CTSL＜4.41 μg/L,47 cases),and D(CTSL≥4.41 μg/L,46 cases).The general clinical data,blood lipid metabolism and severity of disease were compared among the four groups.Pearson correlation analysis was used to analyze the correlation between CTSL and blood lipid metabolism indicators,and ordinal regression model and restricted cubic spline analysis was employed to examine the relationship between serum CTSL and the se-verity of acute exacerbation of CHF.Results There were significant differences in total cholester-ol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C)and low density lipopro-tein cholesterol(LDL-C)among the four groups of patients(P＜0.05,P＜0.01).Pearson correla-tion analysis showed that serum CTSL level was positively correlated with TC,TG and LDL-C levels(r=0.203,P=0.005;r=0.178,P=0.015;r=0.184,P=0.012),and negatively with HDLC(r=—0.344,P=0.000).Ordinal regression analysis indicated that serum CTSL level was an inde-pendent risk factor affecting the severity of CHF in patients with acute exacerbation(P＜0.05).Restricted cubic spline analysis revealed that serum CTSL level was in a linear relationship with the severity of acute exacerbation of CHF(x2=3.140,P=0.371).When serum CTSL＞3.73μg/L,the severity of the condition was increased significantly.Conclusion Serum CTSL level is closely associated with lipid metabolism in elderly patients with acute exacerbation of CHF,and is an independent risk factor for the severity of disease.

Background:To compare the efficacy and safety of monthly administrations of gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists LY01005 and Zoladex ? in Chinese patients with premenopausal breast cancer. Methods:From October 2020 to November 2021, 188 premenopausal breast cancer patients were enrolled in 34 hospitals and randomized 1:1 to receive either LY01005 or Zoladex ? every 28 days for a total of three injections. All patients concomitantly received oral tamoxifen (TAM). The primary efficacy endpoint was cumulative probability of maintaining menopausal level [oestradiol (E2) ≤30 pg/ml] from day 29 to day 85. The second efficacy endpoint included changes in E2, luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) compared with the baseline. Pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and safety were analyzed. The study also evaluated the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of LY01005. Results:A total of 188 patients were randomised and 187 patients received either LY01005 or Zoladex ?. Cumulative probabilities of maintaining menopausal level (E2≤30 pg/ml) from day 29 to day 85 were 93.1% for LY01005 and 86.3% for Zoladex ?. The between-group difference was 6.8% (95% CI: -2.3%, 15.9%) and primary efficacy in the LY01005 group was not inferior to that in the Zoladex ? group. Changes in E2, LH, and FSH levels compared with the baseline were equivalent between the two groups (E2: 89.34% to 90.23% vs. 82.11% to 85.02%; LH: 88.89% to 95.52% vs. 89.70% to 97.02%; FSH: 75.36% to 80.85% vs.73.07% to 80.24%, respectively). After three consecutive doses of LY01005, the LH and FSH levels of the subjects showed a transient increase after the first dose, reached a peak on the second day and then started to decrease. The LH and FSH reached a lower level and remained at or below that level until the 85th day. Both treatments were well-tolerated. Conclusion:LY01005 is as effective as Zoladex ? in suppressing E2 to menopausal levels in Chinese patients with premenopausal breast cancer, with a similar safety profile.

ObjectiveTo understand the distribution of enrofloxacin (ENR) residues in freshwater fish, to evaluate the dietary exposure risk to ENR for consumers through the consumption of different freshwater fish in Shanghai, and to provide a reference for controlling antibiotic residues in freshwater fish. MethodsGrass carp, Wuchang bream, pond loach, and Asian swamp eels were purchased from the markets in Shanghai. After being fed with ENR, the fish were divided into 42 batches according to their species and weight, and thereafter ENR residues in the muscles and skin of the fish were measured. In addition, a total of 44 batches of Wuchang bream, pond loach, Asian swamp eels were purchased from the markets, and the ENR residues in the muscles with or without the fish skin were measured, and the exposure risk was evaluated. ResultsThe average residues of ENR in skin of the freshwater fish after being fed with drugs in the 42 groups were higher than those in muscles (M=659.38 μg·kg^-1, M=460.83 μg·kg^-1; z=-2.212, P=0.027). The over-standard rates of ENR residues in the muscles with or without skin 44 batches of freshwater fish of sold in Shanghai were 36.36% and 29.55%, respectively. The median exposure, P₉₅ exposure, and maximum exposure to ENR through the consumption of the muscles with the skin for adults and children in Shanghai were higher than those through the consumption of muscles without the skin. For children, the margin of safety (MOS) for the max exposure to ENR by consuming the muscles with the skin was more than 1, while the MOS was less than 1 in all other cases for both children and adults. ConclusionThe ENR residues in the skin of freshwater fish are generally higher than those in the muscles. The risk of ENR residues in freshwater fish sold in Shanghai is within a controllable range. However, there might be a certain risk of acute exposure to ENR for children by consuming muscles with the skin of freshwater fish.

Objective : To investigate the effects of microRNA-29a(miR-29a) in mediating the regulation of dihydroartemisinin(DHA) on the immune checkpoint molecule B7H3 in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD). Methods: The expression level and prognostic significance of B7H3 in LUAD were analyzed by public database. Small interfering RNA(siRNA) was used to knock down B7H3 in LUAD cell lines A549 and HCC827, and cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method. A549 and HCC827 cells were treated with gradient concentrations of DHA(0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 μmol/L) for 48 h, and the half maximal inhibitory concentrate(IC50) was calculated. A549 and HCC827 cells were treated with IC50concentration of DHA for 1, 2 and 3 days, and the cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 method. A549 and HCC827 cells were transfected with miR-29a inhibitor. After DHA treatment, the expression level of miR-29a was detected by RT-qPCR, and the expression level of B7H3 was detected by Western blot. Results : B7H3 was overexpressed in LUAD and associated with poor prognosis. After knocking down of B7H3, the proliferation ability of A549 and HCC827 cells significantly decreased(allP<0.001). DHA inhibited the proliferation of A549 and HCC827 cells in both dose-and time-dependent manners, with IC50values of 30.16 μmol/L and 7.50 μmol/L, respectively. DHA up-regulated the expression of miR-29a in A549 and HCC827 cells(P<0.001,P<0.01), and down-regulated the expression of B7H3 in both cell lines(P<0.01,P<0.001). After transfection of miR-29a inhibitor into A549 and HCC827 cells, the expression of B7H3 was up-regulated, and the down-regulation of B7H3 by DHA was partially reversed. Conclusion miR-29a mediates the molecular regulation of DHA on B7H3 in LUAD.

Objectives:The aim is to analyze the cost structure and coefficient of variation for hospitalized patients with malnutrition based on Diagnosis-Related Groups(DRG),providing a reference for the further application and promotion of DRG.Method:Data were collected from patients admitted to Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region People's Hospital between March 2023 and August 2023.A diagnostic system based on artificial intelligence was used to identify malnourished patients.The composition of hospitalization costs for these individuals was described and analyzed,as was the coefficient of variation for various costs within DRG groupings.A multivariate regression analysis was conducted to identify the factors that influence patient hospitalization costs.Results:The average age of hospitalized patients with malnutrition was(68.12±16.43)years,with an average length of stay of(14.55±8.47)days,with an average hospitalization cost of(32 128.89±35 345.61)yuan.Among patients within the same DRG group,the coefficient of variation for various costs was found to be lower in the malnutrition group than in the normal group.This suggests that when assessed individually,the malnutrition group exhibited a higher degree of homogeneity in their cost structures.The factors influencing total hospitalization costs were found to be:length of hospital stay(P=0.001),nutritional monitoring fees(P=0.020),number of chronic diseases(P=0.003),and Karnofsky Performance Status(KPS)score(P=0.038).Hospitalization costs were positively correlated with both length of stay and nutritional assessment fees,but negatively correlated with the number of chronic diseases and KPS scores.Conclusions:Malnutrition has a profound impact on health outcomes,medical expenses,length of hospital stay,and disease severity.The implementation of the DRG system aims to standardize and improve the nutritional diagnosis and treatment process by categorizing different stages of malnutrition.This approach can minimize variations within DRG groups,making it easier to allocate medical resources more precisely and efficiently.Furthermore,it is a valuable reference tool for promoting DRG payment reform in different regions.

As a serine protease,thrombin can convert soluble fibrinogen into insoluble fibrin and plays a pivotal role in the coagulation cascade.Therefore,the accurate quantitative assay of thrombin levels is of great value in the evaluation of coagulation function,clinical screening and prognostic monitoring of coagulation-related diseases,and screening of drugs for targeted therapy.Existing methods for thrombin detection can be divided into two categories,e.g.,the assay of concentration levels using nucleic acid aptamers as the affinity elements and the assay of activity levels based on the hydrolytic cleavage of substrate peptides.In recent years,electrochemical biosensors have attracted much attention in thrombin detection due to high sensitivity,high selectivity,simple instrument,fast response,and good portability.In this review,the latest research progress in methods for electrochemical detection of thrombin was summarized,focusing on the detection principles and the applied signal amplification strategies of related electrochemical biosensors.In addition,the challenges with respect to the practical use of electrochemical thrombin biosensors and the prospects were discussed.