Objective:To investigate the effect of polystyrene microplastics(PS-MPs)combined with high-fat treatment on vascular endothelial cells.Methods:Human umbilical vein endothelial cells(HUVECs)were cultured in the DMEM medium containing 5%fe-tal bovine serum.HUVECs were treated with conventional culture,high-fat treatment,and PS-MPs combined with high-fat treatment.The experiment was conducted in the three groups of control group,high-fat treatment group and PS-MPs+high-fat treatment group.CCK-8 assay was used to measure cell viability,F-actin staining was used to observe cell morphological changes,and flow cytometry,scratch assay,and tube formation assay were used to measure the apoptosis,migration,and tube-forming ability of cells.Results:After HUVECs were exposed to the high-fat environment,there was a significant reduction in cell viability,shrinkage of cells,a signifi-cant increase in cell apoptosis,and significant reductions in cell migration and tube-forming ability.Compared with the high-fat treat-ment group,there were no significant changes in cell viability,cell morphology,cell apoptosis,and cell migration ability after PS-MPs combined with high-fat treatment,but the tube-forming ability of cells was further impaired.Conclusion:High-fat treatment will affect cell viability,change cell morphology,and damage vascular endothelial cell function,and PS-MPs combined with high-fat treat-ment can aggravate the damage of vascular endothelial cell function.

Saliva is an important body fluid in the oral cavity containing lots of biomarkers, whose inherent micro-ecosystem holds significant value for early diagnosis and monitoring of oral diseases. Simultaneously, saliva has particular advantages, such as ease of sampling, painless and non-invasive collection, and suitability for repeated sampling, making it highly appropriate for surveillance and follow-up of diseases. In a series of studies conducted by the research group for preventive dentistry in Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, we compared different segments of saliva and those samples collected via different sampling methods using proteomic/peptidomic and microbiomic technologies to explore the stability of saliva samples. Besides, the significance of applying representative salivary biomarkers in early prevention and control of representative oral diseases (e.g. dental caries, periodontal diseases) and systemic conditions (e.g. type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease) was confirmed as well.
Humans ; Saliva/chemistry* ; Dental Caries/diagnosis* ; Biomarkers/analysis* ; Periodontal Diseases/diagnosis* ; Mouth Diseases/diagnosis* ; Proteomics/methods* ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/diagnosis* ; Microbiota ; Renal Insufficiency, Chronic/prevention & control*

Objective:Aural fullness（AF） is one of the common symptoms in ENT outpatient department, the incidence is about 1.4%. Some patients have an unknown etiology and are diagnosed as idiopathic ear congestion. In this paper, the therapeutic effect of gabapentin on some patients with idiopathic ear congestion was studied. Methods:Forty-eight cases of patients with ear distress as the main complaint between January 2024 and September 2024 were examined by questionnaire, specialist physical examination, pure tone audiometry and acoustic impedance. Among them, 19 cases were diagnosed with definite etiology, 29 cases were diagnosed with idiopathic ear congestion, and 7 cases were lost to follow-up in the idiopathic ear congestion group. Twenty-two patients were divided into the administration group（12 cases receiving regular gabapentin treatment for 3-6 weeks） and the control group（10 cases receiving no medication） based on whether they received gabapentin to explore the effect of ear congestion and possible related factors. Results:Among the 12 patients in the medication group, 2 cases of aural fullness disappeared completely, 9 cases had different degrees of relief, and 1 case had no relief Among the 10 patients in the control group, 2 patients' aural fullness disappeared, 1 patient consciously relieved, and the remaining 7 patients had no significant change in ear boredom. According to the Wong-baker Facial expression Scale, the score of ear tightness decreased from 2.83 before medication to 1.51 after medication in the medication group. The remission rate of ear congestion in the medication group was significantly higher than that in the control group（P=0.004）. Conclusion:Gabapentin can be used to treat idiopathic aural fullness, which can reduce the symptoms effectively. This suggests that the occurrence of idiopathic aural fullness may be related to neuralgia and central sensitization.
Humans ; Gabapentin/therapeutic use* ; Amines/therapeutic use* ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/therapeutic use* ; Female ; Male ; Cyclohexanecarboxylic Acids/therapeutic use* ; Ear Diseases/drug therapy* ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Aged

Rapid cycle deliberate practice (RCDP) has emerged as an effective teaching method for enhancing skill proficiency. This study introduces the characteristics and theoretical foundations of RCDP, explains key points in instructional design and implementation strategies, and provides a comprehensive analysis of its application in medical education. Additionally, the potential value and development prospects of RCDP in simulation-based medical education in China are explored. This study aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the further promotion and deeper implementation of the RCDP teaching method in China.

Rapid cycle deliberate practice (RCDP) has emerged as an effective teaching method for enhancing skill proficiency. This study introduces the characteristics and theoretical foundations of RCDP, explains key points in instructional design and implementation strategies, and provides a comprehensive analysis of its application in medical education. Additionally, the potential value and development prospects of RCDP in simulation-based medical education in China are explored. This study aims to provide theoretical support and practical guidance for the further promotion and deeper implementation of the RCDP teaching method in China.

The prevalence of diabetes mellitus in China has recently been increasing year by year,and spontaneous skin ulcers in diabetic patients,as one of the most serious complications,often develop on the patient's extremities represented by foot ulcers.Due to the complexity and variety of its pathogenesis,it leads to poor clinical outcomes and difficulty in healing.Thus,pa-tients often face the risk of amputation and death.Therefore,the exploration of mechanisms of the vascular pathogenesis of diabetic delayed-healing wounds and targeted screening of therapeutic agents has become a current research hotspot.Herein,in this paper,we briefly review the role of impaired angiogenesis and vascular dysfunction in diabetic skin ulcers,and the research progress of classical hypoglycemic and natural compounds against vascular lesions is preliminarily summarized to provide a theoretical basis for effective clinical treatment.

Objective To describe and analyze the current situation of the four same type of departments in an hospital in order to provide a reference for the construction of"the most cost-effective medical care".Methods The CN-DRG were used to automatically group and compare the medical capacity and inpatient service efficiency of the hospital department groups,and in the refined analysis,one DRG disease group of in situ cancer and non-malignant disease loss uterine surgery and single species uterine fibroid was included,and the Kruskal-Wallis H test was used to further compare the differences in length of stay and various costs.Results It included a total of 22630 patients,whose weights varied from a maximum of 3948.62 in diagnostic group 1 to a minimum of 133.55 in diagnostic group 11.The cost consumption indexes ranged from a minimum of 0.89 in diagnostic group 5 to a maximum of 1.04 in diagnostic group 2,while the time consumption indexes ranged from a minimum of 0.48 in diagnostic group 11 to a maximum of 0.81 in diagnostic group 5.When comparing the diagnostic groups,there were statistically significant differences(P＜0.05)in hospitalization days,total cost,diagnostic cost,therapeutic cost,and cost of supplies.Specifically,when comparing the diagnostic and treatment groups within departments,the differences in hospitalization days and all costs were statistically significant(P＜0.05)in departments 1 and 2,the differences in diagnostic cost,therapeutic cost,and cost of supplies were statistically significant(P＜0.05)in department 3.Conclusion There exists a notable disparity in the extent to which each diagnostic and treatment group contributes to the hospital's service capacity and cost variability.Consequently,it is necessary to reasonably evaluate the length of hospital stay and medical cost of patients to achieve the highest cost-effective medical treatment.

Objective To evaluate the effect of sodium hyaluronate combined with recombinant human epidermal growth factor(rhEGF)in the treatment of dry eye after cataract surgery.Methods Patients with dry eye after cataract surgery were divided into treatment group and control group.The control group was treated with sodium hyaluronate eye drops via dropping into the conjunctival sac,a drop per dose,tid,for 4 weeks.On this basis,the treatment group was treated with rhEGF eye drops via dropping into the conjunctival sac,1-2 drops per dose,tid,for 4 weeks.The two groups were compared on overall clinical efficacy,dry eye symptoms before treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment.Tear-film breakup time(BUT),basic tear secretion test(schirmer Ⅰ test,SⅠT),corneal fluorescein staining(CFS)score,meibomian gland yield secretion score(MGYSS),and the levels of tear inflammatory factors were compared between two groups before treatment and after 4 weeks of treatment.The safety was evaluated.Results Finally,41 cases and 39 cases were included in the treatment group and the control group,respectively.After treatment,the total effective rates in the treatment group and the control group were 95.12％and 79.49％,with statistically significant difference(P＜0.05).After 4 weeks of treatment,dry eye symptom scores of the treatment group and control group were 1.42±0.18 and 2.31±0.26;BUT were(11.89±1.26)and(10.46±1.27)s;SⅠT were(10.12±1.35)and(8.45±0.87)mm;CFS scores were 0.83±0.11 and 1.94±0.25;MGYSS scores were 10.85±1.17 and 12.43±1.56;interleukin-1β levels in tears were(35.26±3.53)and(74.12±7.55)ng·L-1;interleukin-6 levels were(8.35±0.86)and(12.41±12.56)pg·mL-1.Compared with the control group,the above indexes in the treatment group were statistically significant(all P＜0.05).The incidence rates of adverse drug reactions in the treatment group and the control group were 12.20％and 10.26％,without statistically significant difference between the groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion Sodium hyaluronate combined with rhEGF can significantly improve dry eye symptoms after cataract surgery,enhance the stability of tear film,reduce tear inflammatory factors,and protect the integrity of meibomian gland.

Objective:To determine the expression of adenylate cyclase genes ADCY2/4/5/8 in cutaneous melanoma, to explore their roles and mechanisms of action, and to verify their effect on the proliferation and migration of the melanoma cell line A375.Methods:Data on the mRNA and protein expression of ADCY2/4/5/8, as well as the correlation between gene expression and prognosis, were analyzed through the Gene Expression Profiling Interactive Analysis (GEPIA) and Human Protein Atlas (HPA) databases; ADCY2/4/5/8 gene methylation and mutation status were analyzed through the UALCAN, DeMth, and cBioPortal databases; Gene Ontology analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis were performed on the ADCY2/4/5/8 genes using the DAVID and STRING databases. qPCR was conducted to determine the relative mRNA expression of ADCY2/4/5/8 in the A375 melanoma cells and FF pigmented nevus cells. Cultured A375 cells were divided into experimental groups and control groups to be transfected with ADCY2/4/5/8 overexpression plasmids and empty vectors, respectively. Cell counting kit (CCK8) and Transwell assays were performed to evaluate the effect of ADCY2/4/5/8 overexpression on the proliferation and migration of A375 cells, qPCR was conducted to determine the relative mRNA expression of genes related to the proliferation and migration of A375 cells, and Western blot analysis to determine the expression of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) signaling pathway-related proteins in A375 cells after the overexpression of ADCY2/4/5/8. One-way analysis of variance and repeated measures analysis of variance were used for the comparison among multiple groups, and least significant difference- t test was used for multiple comparisons. Results:Bioinformatics analysis based on the GEPIA database showed that the mRNA expression of ADCY2, ADCY4, ADCY5, and ADCY8 was down-regulated in melanoma tissues ( n = 461) compared with normal tissues ( n = 558, P < 0.01) ; stratified analysis showed that the mRNA expression of ADCY2 ( P = 0.015) and ADCY8 ( P = 0.038) was correlated with tumor staging, and the lower the mRNA expression, the later the tumor stage. In the HPA database, the ADCY2/4/5/8 protein expression was reduced in 30 melanoma tissues compared with 30 normal tissues ( P < 0.001). Analysis of the UALCAN and DeMth database data showed elevated methylation levels of ADCY2/4/5/8 in melanoma tissues and metastatic melanoma tissues compared with normal tissues ( P < 0.001). Analysis of the DAVID and STRING database data demonstrated that the ADCY2/4/5/8 gene may inhibit cell proliferation and migration by activating the cAMP signaling pathway. qPCR showed that the relative mRNA expression of ADCY2/4/5/8 was lower in A375 cells than in FF cells. CCK8 assay showed that the survival rates of A375 cells were significantly lower in the ADCY2/4/5/8 overexpression groups than in the corresponding control groups at 48 and 72 hours (all P < 0.05). Transwell assay showed that the number of migratory A375 cells was significantly lower in the ADCY2/4/5/8 overexpression groups than in the corresponding control groups (all P < 0.01). As qPCR revealed, the ADCY2/4/5/8 overexpression groups showed significantly upregulated relative mRNA expression of epithelial cadherin, but significantly downregulated relative mRNA expression of Ki67, vimentin, neural cadherin, and matrix metalloproteinase 2 compared with the corresponding control groups (all P < 0.001). Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression of cAMP and phosphorylated protein kinase A (p-PKA) in A375 cells was significantly higher in the ADCY2/4/5/8 overexpression groups than in the corresponding control groups (all P < 0.001), but there were no significant differences in the PKA protein expression levels between the ADCY2/4/5/8 overexpression groups and the corresponding control groups (all P > 0.05) . Conclusion:The expression of ADCY2/4/5/8 was downregulated in melanoma tissues, and overexpressed ADCY2/4/5/8 could inhibit the proliferation and migration of melanoma cells, suggesting that ADCY2/4/5/8 may serve as potential tumor suppressor genes in the progression of melanoma.

The metabolism study of radiolabeled drugs plays an important role in the development of new drugs. It provides information on drug absorption, metabolism, tissue distribution and excretion, and plays an irreplaceable role in the metabolite safety evaluation and mass balance of new drugs. The new guidance draft on clinical trials of radiolabeled drugs recently released by the US FDA puts forward higher standards and has been widely concerned by the industry. In recent years, in the research and development of new drugs in China, ¹⁴C labeled drugs have been used to carry out clinical metabolism studies, which has overcome key technical bottlenecks and accumulated experience. This paper summarizes the above research progress, analyzes the existing problems, and preliminarily looks forward to the future technological development and application.