Objective: To assess the current status of knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) regarding health protection against air pollution among primary school students in China, and to analyze the impacts of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 ) exposure, family, and individual factors on KAP levels, so as to provide empirical basis for implementing targeted interventions. Methods: Using stratified cluster random sampling method, a questionnaire survey was conducted among 19 297 primary school students from third to fifth grade across 30 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government) in China in 2024. The questionnaire was developed based on the Technical Guidelines for the Assessment of Civic Environmental and Health Literacy (Trial), and encompasses three dimensions:knowledge, attitude, and practice. Spearman correlation analysis, Chi-square test, multivariate Logistic regression, and Bootstrap mediation effect test was applied for data analysis. Results: The overall mean KAP score for health protection against air pollution among primary school students was (79.73±13.53), with an adequacy rate of 80.47% ( n =15 528). The dimension scores for knowledge, attitude, and practice were (41.34±8.01, 16.43± 2.61 ), and (21.97±5.71), respectively. Knowledge was positively correlated with attitude and practice, and attitude was positively correlated with practice ( r =0.51, 0.35, 0.32, all P <0.01). Multivariate Logistic regression showed that the northeast region ( OR =2.36, 95% CI =2.02-2.75), having parents with a bachelor s degree or higher ( OR =4.76, 95% CI =2.71-8.37), living with both parents ( OR =1.33, 95% CI =1.15-1.55), being in the fifth grade ( OR =1.22, 95% CI =1.11-1.33), outdoor PM 2.5 level exceeding standard limits at the survey site ( OR =1.25, 95% CI =1.16-1.34), history of allergy ( OR =1.47, 95% CI =1.31-1.64), and wearing masks during heavily polluted weather ( OR =1.19, 95% CI =1.07-1.31) were promoting factors for KAP adequacy rate (all P <0.05). Conversely, obesity was a detrimental factor ( OR =0.78, 95% CI =0.69-0.88, all P <0.05). Conclusions Primary school students in China exhibit a favorable KAP level regarding health protection against air pollution, though regional, familial, and individual disparities persist. Exposure to PM 2.5 levels exceeding standard limits exerts a direct positive effect on enhancing health protection literacy. Future efforts should focus on the western region, families with lower educational attainment children to implement tailored, stratified interventions.

[Objective] To conduct a retrospective statistical comparison of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) test values in blood donors prior to blood collection, aiming to analyze the objective characteristics of the population with elevated ALT levels (ALT>50 U/L) and provide reference data for adjusting the screening eligibility threshold for ALT. [Methods] The preliminary ALT screening data of 30 341 blood donor samples collected prior to blood donation from three smart blood donation sites at the Shenzhen Blood Center between 2022 and 2023 were extracted and compared with data from a health examination department of a tertiary hospital in Shenzhen (representing the general population, n=24 906). Both datasets were categorized and statistically described. A retrospective analysis was conducted to examine the associations between ALT test results and factors such as donors' gender, age, ethnicity, donation site, donation season, and frequency of blood donation. [Results] The ALT levels in both blood donors and the general population were non-normally distributed. The 95th percentile of ALT values was calculated as 61.4 U/L (male: 67.8 U/L, female: 39.3 U/L) for blood donors and 58.1 U/L (male: 63.7 U/L, female: 51.2 U/L) for the general population. The non-compliance rates (ALT>50 U/L) were 7.65% (2 321/30 341) in blood donors and 7.08% (1 763/24 906) in the general population. There were significant differences (P<0.05) in the ALT failure rate among blood donors based on gender, age, and donation site, but no significant differences (P>0.05) during the blood donation season. There was no statistically significant difference (P>0.05) in the positive rates of four serological markers (HBsAg, anti HCV, HIV Ag/Ab, anti TP) for blood screening pathogens between ALT unqualified and qualified individuals (2.05% vs 1.5%). If the ALT qualification threshold was raised from 50 U/L to 90 U/L, the non qualification rates of male and female blood donors would decrease from 9.82% (2 074/21 125) to 2.23% (471/21 125) and from 2.70% (249/9 216) to 0.75% (69/9 216), respectively. Among the 154 blood donors who donated blood more than 3 times, 88.31% of the 248 ALT test results were in the range of 50-90 U/L. Among them, 9 cases had ALT>130 U/L, and ALT was converted to qualified in subsequent blood donations. [Conclusion] There are differences in the ALT failure rate among blood donors of different genders and ages, and different blood donation sites and operators can also affect the ALT detection values of blood donors. The vast majority of blood donors with ALT failure are caused by transient and non pathological factors. With the widespread use of blood virus nucleic acid testing, appropriately increasing the ALT qualification threshold for blood donors can expand the qualified population and alleviate the shortage of blood sources, and the risk of blood safety will not increase.

OBJECTIVES: This study investigates independent risk factors for postoperative internal fixation device infection in patients with maxillofacial fractures and proposes an early warning model based on the synthetic minority over-sampling technique (SMOTE) algorithm. METHODS: A total of 1 104 patients who underwent surgical treatment for maxillofacial fractures at Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery Department, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University from January 2021 to December 2024 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into two groups based on the presence of postoperative internal fixation device infection: the infection group (27 cases) and non-infection group (1 077 cases). Clinical data from both groups were collected and subjected to statistical analysis. Univariate and binary Logistic regression analysis were used to identify risk factors for postoperative internal fixation device infection in maxillofacial fractures. Subsequently, a Logistic regression model was established, and the dataset was improved based on the SMOTE algorithm to construct an early warning model with the improved dataset. The prediction performance of the models was compared and validated. RESULTS: Among the 1 104 patients who underwent surgical treatment for maxillofacial fractures, 27 cases of postoperative internal fixation device infections were identified, corresponding to an infection rate of 2.45% (27/1 104). Age, diabetes history, fracture severity, and oral hygiene status were all identified as risk factors for postoperative internal fixation device infections in maxillofacial fractures (all P<0.05). The prediction model based on the original data (P1). The prediction model based on the SMOTE algorithm (P2). Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis shows that the area under curve (AUC) for the P2 model was 0.882, the P1 model was 0.861, indicating the superior predictive performance of the P2 model. The DeLong test results show that the difference in AUC between the two models was statistically significant (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Age, diabetes history, postoperative fracture severity, and oral hygiene status are all risk factors for infections associated with internal fixation devices after maxillofacial fracture surgery. The proposed early warning model demonstrated good predictive performance. Medical professionals can utilize this model to effectively intervene and anticipate infections related to internal fixation devices after maxillofacial fracture surgery.
Humans ; Algorithms ; Retrospective Studies ; Male ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal/instrumentation* ; Risk Factors ; Middle Aged ; Adult ; Logistic Models ; Surgical Wound Infection/epidemiology* ; Aged ; Internal Fixators/adverse effects* ; Maxillofacial Injuries/surgery* ; Adolescent

OBJECTIVE To observe the changes of serum proteins in the mice with carbapenem-resistant hyperviru-lent Klebsiella pneumoniae(CR-hvKP)bloodstream infection by using liquid chromatogram-mass spectrometer(LC-MS),find out the differentially expressed proteins and carry out corresponding biological function analysis.METHODS The models of ICR mice with CR-hvKP and classical Klebsiella pneumoniae(cKP)bloodstream infec-tions were established,the serum specimens were collected from the mice at 12 hours of establishment of the in-fection models and were detected by using LC-MS.The result of LC-MS was identified by using Maxquant soft-ware.The corresponding bioinformatics analysis was performed for the differentially expressed proteins.RESULTS As compared with the normal control group,there were 24 upregulated proteins and 20 downregulated proteins in CR-hvKP group.As compared with cKP group,there were 107 upregulated proteins in the CR-hvKP group.The 134 differentially expressed proteins were retrieved one by one from Uniprot database,it was found that the pro-teins were involved in biological regulation,immune process,biological interaction,movement,metabolic process,response to stimulation,signal transduction,inflammatory response,oxidative stress and angiogenesis.The signal pathway analysis involved multiple metabolism-related pathways,including complement and coagula-tion cascades,cholesterol metabolism,bacterial infection,heme clearance,and assembly,remodeling and clear-ance of plasma lipoprotein.In terms of the proteins being attached great importance,the expression levels of kal-likrein B1(KLKB1)and serpin family A(Serpina)1b were downregulated as compared with the normal control group and were upregulated as compared with the cKP group;the expression levels of serum amyloid A protein(SAA)1,SAA2,Vanin-3(VNN3)and hemoglobinβpolypeptide chain b2(HBB-b2)were upregulated as com-pared with both the cKP group and the normal control group.CONCLUSIONS The CR-hvKP bloodstream infection involves the activation and action of multiple proteins.The rise of SAA1,SAA2,VNN3 and HBB-b2 or the de-cline of KLKB1 and Serpina1b may indicate the CR-hvKP bloodstream infection.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of combined pelvic magnetic therapy and pelvic floor electromyographic (EMG) biofeedback therapy in perimenopausal women with pelvic floor dysfunction (PFD), and its effects on bladder function and urodynamic status.Methods:A total of 137 perimenopausal women with PFD treated at Shenzhen Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine between February 2022 and May 2024 were enrolled. They were randomly divided into a control group ( n=68) and a study group ( n=69) by random number table method. Both groups received Kegel exercises. The control group additionally received pelvic floor EMG biofeedback therapy. The study group received combined pelvic magnetic therapy and pelvic floor EMG biofeedback therapy. The outcomes compared between groups were as follows: Bladder Function: First urge voiding volume (FVS), maximum urge voiding volume (MVS), post-void residual urine volume (PVR), prolapse of pelvic floor organs, urodynamics: Pressure of urethral maximum measurement (PUM), maximum urethral closure pressure (PMUC), bladder compliance (BC), pelvic floor muscle function: Pelvic floor muscle strength grade (PFMT), pelvic floor resting pressure (RP), vaginal dynamic pressure (VDPT). Normally distributed continuous data were presented as xˉ± s and compared by independent samples t-test. Categorical data were presented as case (%) and compared by χ2 test. Ranked data were compared by Kruskal-Wallis H test. A P-value<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results:Baseline characteristics showed no significant differences between groups ( P>0.05). At post-treatment, the study group had a significantly higher clinical effective rate of 97.10% (67/69) compared to the control group, which was 88.24% (60/68) ( χ2=3.98, P=0.046). At post-treatment, the study group had significantly higher FVS [(238.29±10.22) mL vs. (229.37±10.54) mL, t=5.03, P<0.001] and MVS [(436.57±12.48) mL vs. (428.23±12.75) mL, t=3.87, P<0.001], and significantly lower PVR [(5.14±1.28) mL vs. (6.96±1.21) mL, t=8.55, P<0.001] compared to the control group. At post-treatment, urodynamic parameters were significantly higher in the study group: PUM [(10.08±0.97) kPa vs. (8.54±0.73) kPa, t=10.49, P<0.001], PMUC [(8.71±0.75) kPa vs. (7.68±0.64) kPa, t=8.64, P<0.001], and BC [(396.58±30.49) mL/kPa vs. (378.86±32.91) mL/kPa, t=3.27, P<0.001]. For pelvic organ prolapse (POP-Q), the distribution were as follows: Study Group: Grade 0: 16, Grade Ⅰ: 34, Grade Ⅱ: 18, Grade Ⅲ: 1, Grade Ⅳ: 0, control Group: Grade 0: 9, Grade Ⅰ: 31, Grade Ⅱ: 23, Grade Ⅲ:5, Grade Ⅳ: 0. The difference was statistically significant ( Z=2.08, P=0.037). At post-treatment, pelvic floor muscle function was significantly higher in the study group: PFMT [(4.21±0.29) vs. (3.84±0.23), t=8.27, P<0.001], RP [(9.59±1.26) cmH?O vs. (8.34±1.17) cmH?O, t=6.02, P<0.001], and VDPT [(82.74±3.36) cmH?O vs. (77.45±3.52) cmH?O, t=9.00, P<0.001]. Conclusion:Combined pelvic magnetic therapy and pelvic floor EMG biofeedback therapy demonstrates significant efficacy in treating PFD in perimenopausal women. It markedly improves bladder function and urodynamic status.

Objective:To explore the mediating effect of job embeddedness and job satisfaction on psycholog-ical capital and organizational silence in clinical nurses.Methods:Totally 412 clinical nurses(145 males and 267 females)were selected and assessed with the Nurse Organizational Silence Assessment Questionnaire(NOSAQ),Psychological Capital Questionnaire-24(PCQ-24),Job Embedding Scale(JES)and Nurses Job Satisfaction Scale(NJSS).SPSS macro program PROCESS and Bootstrap method were used to explore the role of mediation.Results:The NOSAQ scores were negatively correlated with the scores of PCQ-24,JES and NJSS(r=-0.55,-0.59,-0.51,Ps＜0.01).Job embeddedness and job satisfaction played a chain mediating role between psychological capital and organizational silence of clinical nurses(95％CI:-0.26--0.04),and the mediating effect accounted for 14.7％of the total effect.Conclusion:It suggests that organizational silence is closely related to psychological capital,job embeddedness and job satisfaction in clinical nurses.

Objective To investigate the correlation and clinical prognostic value between the expression of polypeptide N-acety lgalactosaminyltransferases 1(GALNT1),lysosomal adaptor MTOR activator 5(LAMTOR5),and epithelial mesenchymal transition(EMT)in gastric cancer.Methods 102 gastric cancer patients admitted to Nantong Tumor Hospital from January 2018 to January 2020 were selected.Immunohistochemistry(IHC)and real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR(RT-PCR)were used to detect the expression of GALNT1,LAMTOR5 mRNA and protein,as well as the expression of EMT indicators Snail mRNA,N-cad mRNA and Vimentin mRNA in cancer and adjacent tissues.Pearson correlation analysis was performed to investigate the correlation between markers.Kaplan Meier curve analysis was used to investigate the relationship between GALNT1 mRNA,LAMTOR5 mRNA and the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.COX regression analysis was used to identify factors that affect the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.Results GALNT1 mRNA(3.38±0.29)and LAMTOR5 mRNA(3.17±0.26)in gastric cancer tissue were higher than those in adjacent tissues(0.72±0.16,0.65±0.13),and the differences were statistically significant(t=81.111,87.553,all P<0.001).The positive rates of GALNT1(92.16%),LAMTOR5(90.20%)proteins in gastric cancer tissues were higher than those in adjacent tissues(7.84%,11.76%),and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=145.020,125.538,P<0.001).The expression of GALNT1 mRNA and LAMTOR5 mRNA in gastric cancer was positively correlated(r=0.757,P<0.001).The expression of GALNT1 mRNA and LAMTOR5 mRNA in gastric cancer was significantly positively correlated with Snail mRNA,N-cad mRNA and Vimentin mRNA expression(r=0.654,0.712,0.689;0.706,0.645,0.723,all P<0.001).The expression of GALNT1 mRNA and LAMTOR5 mRNA was correlated with TNM stage and lymph node metastasis in gastric cancer patients.The expression of GALNT1 mRNA and LAMTOR5 mRNA in cancer tissues with TNM stage III and lymph node metastasis was higher than that in TNM stage I～II and no lymph node metastasis,and the differences were statistically significant(χ2=29.417～290.104,all P<0.001).The 3-year overall survival rate of the high expression group of GALNT1 mRNA was 40.00%(20/50),which was lower than 76.92%(40/52)of the low expression group,the 3-year overall survival rate of the high expression group of LAMTOR5 mRNA was 38.78%(19/49),which was lower than the 77.36%(41/53)of the low expression group,and the differences were statistically significant(Log-Rank χ2=7.327,5.197,P=0.009,0.023).TNM stage III,lymph node metastasis,GALNT1 mRNA was highly expressed,and high LAMTOR5 mRNA was highly expressed were risk factors affecting the prognosis of gastric cancer(Wald χ2=6.409～16.805,all P<0.001).Conclusion The expression of GALNT1 and LAMTOR5 are elevated in gastric cancer tissues.Both of them are related to EMT indicators and adverse clinicopathological features.They are biomarkers for evaluating the prognosis of gastric cancer patients.

Objective To investigate the dynamic balance ability of healthy young adults under different obstacle-crossing strategies,thereby providing a theoretical basis for fall prevention training and public facility design.Methods Twenty healthy young adults participated in the experiment using F-scan plantar pressure analysis insoles.The subjects were required to cross three obstacles with different combinations of height and width.With their dominant foot serving as the leading foot and the non-dominant foot as the trailing foot,the subjects performed both lateral and forward crossing maneuvers,and their plantar pressure data were collected.Results Different crossing strategies significantly affected the adjustment speed of the leading foot's center of pressure in the medial-lateral direction(COP_ML),the area of the 95％confidence circle,ML amplitude,and anterior-posterior(AP)amplitude(P＜0.05).These strategies also significantly impacted the trailing foot's COP_ML adjustment speed,the area of the 95％confidence circle,and the range between the maximum and minimum swings(P＜0.05).For the leading foot,during lateral and forward crossing,the balance parameter values under different heights and widths were statistically significant(P＜0.05),increasing as the height and width increased.For the trailing foot,during forward crossing,the balance parameter values under different heights were statistically significant(P＜0.05),increasing with height,while during lateral crossing,the differences in balance parameter values were not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusions Healthy young adults demonstrate better balance ability with the leading foot during forward obstacle crossing,which aligns with the movement habits of the dominant foot and daily activity patterns.The trailing foot exhibits a more stable plantar pressure distribution during lateral obstacle crossing,likely due to a larger contact area and more even center of gravity distribution.