Objective To explore the effectiveness of the cumulative sum (CUSUM) and the exponentially weighted moving average (EWMA) for early warning of influenza epidemic using two datasets of reported influenza cases and influenza-like illness (ILI) cases. Methods Using the reported cases of influenza and ILI in Daxing District, Beijing, from week 23 of 2018 to week 22 of 2024 as data sets, the CUSUM and EWMA models were established, respectively. The positive rate of influenza etiology was used as the ^“gold standard^”, and the Youden index was used as the evaluation index to compare the early warning effect of the two models under different data sets and different parameters. Results In CUSUM, the optimal Youden indices of the reported influenza cases set and the ILI cases set were 0.751 and 0.635, respectively. In EWMA, the optimal Youden indices of the reported influenza cases set and the ILI cases set were 0.544 and 0.464, respectively. The optimal EWMA and CUSUM models could both issue early warning signals in advance of the ^“gold standard^”. Conclusion In the influenza epidemic early warning in Daxing District, Beijing, the CUSUM model established with the reported cases of influenza can achieve good early warning effects, but the model parameters need to be dynamically adjusted according to the local epidemic characteristics.

The development of the nervous system and functional recovery following injury critically depend on synaptic involvement, with synaptic plasticity regulation serving as the foundational mechanism underpinning neural development,functional maintenance, and repair. The cerebellin(Cbln) protein family, widely distributed synaptic organizers in the brain,mediates specific interactions between secreted proteins and receptors to drive synapse assembly, maintenance, and neural circuit formation, thereby achieving synaptic plasticity modulation. Notably, dysfunction of this family is closely associated with multiple neurological disorders. This paper reviews the mechanistic roles of Cbln family members in synaptic molecular regulation, signal transduction, and neural network construction, providing comprehensive and detailed clues for the study of cerebellin family and valuable research perspectives for the prevention and treatment of related neurological diseases.

Zika virus can cross biological barriers to infect the nervous system,causing serious public health issues. As a key regulator of nervous system development,cerebellin(Cbln)family may have an interrelationship of interference and regulation with Zika virus. Due to the pathogenic characteristics of Zika virus,the functional characteristics of Cbln family and its effect in the nervous system,Cbln family is expected to become an important molecular marker and therapeutic target after Zika virus infection. This paper reviews the potential pathogenic and immunological relationships between Zika virus and Cbln family,and explores the important role of Cbln in maintaining nervous system function and ensuring biosecurity

Objective To analyze the rules and characteristics of cross-allergy cases related to drug-related medical disputes,and to provide reference for the formulation of cross-allergy prescription review strategy.Methods The judgments of cross-allergy related medical damage liability disputes recorded in the legal document database of Beijing Yingke Law Firm and the Chinese Judgment Document Network database from August 2010 to June 2023 were analyzed,the causes of relevant disputes were summarized and analyzed,and more comprehensive response measures were formulated.Results A total of 65 judgments were retrieved,and seven judgments were included.The main drugs causing cross allergy were antibiotics(penicillins,cephalosporins and sulfonamides).Seven cases of medical disputes,all of which were ruled by the court that the medical party had medical errors due to cross-allergies,and had to bear 30％to 80％of the compensation liability.The main reasons for the punishment were that the doctor did not pay enough attention to the patient's past history of allergy and chose unreasonable drugs.Conclusion Medical institutions can reduce the risk of cross-allergy by means of information technology,and play the role of pharmacists in prescription review and pharmaceutical care.Physicians should pay attention to the patient's past history,earnly inquire,strengthen medication education and monitoring,reduce the threat of adverse reactions to the patient's life safety and related drug disputes,and protect the legitimate rights and interests of both doctors and patients.

Objective:To investigate the diagnostic value of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) quantitative parameters in lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer.Methods:The clinicopathological data of 79 patients with rectal cancers in Shanxi Province Cancer Hospital from November 2016 to March 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent routine magnetic resonance image (MRI) sequence and DKI sequence examinations before the operation. The tumor region of interest (ROI) was delineated by two radiologists. Matlab software was applied to calculate DKI quantitative parameters including apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), mean diffusivity (MD) and mean kurtosis (MK) in two groups, respectively; and the consistency analysis was performed by using the interclass correlation coefficients (ICC). According to the results of postoperative pathology, all patients were divided into lymph node metastasis group and lymph node non-metastasis group; ADC, MD, MK of both groups were compared. The pathological diagnosis results were taken as the gold standard, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of DKI quantitative parameters in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer were plotted, the area under the curve (AUC) was calculated, the optimal diagnostic threshold was determined based on the Yoden index, and the sensitivity and specificity were calculated.Results:The ICC of ADC, MD and MK calculated by two physicians were 0.934 (0.833-0.975), 0.963 (0.905-0.981) and 0.971 (0.949-0.991), respectively, showing a good inter-observer consistency. Among the 79 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma, 36 cases were in lymph node metastasis group and 43 cases were in lymph node non-metastasis group. MK value in lymph node metastasis group was higher than that in lymph node non-metastasis group, and the difference was statistically significant (0.97±0.08 vs. 0.89±0.09; t = -4.07, P < 0.001), while the ADC and MD values in lymph node metastasis group were lower than those in lymph node non-metastasis group, and the differences were not statistically significant (all P > 0.05). The AUC of MK value in the diagnosis of lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer was 0.735, and the corresponding sensitivity and specificity were 55.56% and 88.37%, respectively. Conclusions:DKI quantitative parameter MK has a certain diagnostic value in predicting lymph node metastasis of rectal cancer.

Objective:To explore the effect of the problem-originated clinical medical curriculum (PCMC) combined with feedback theory in nursing teaching of the Department of Endocrinology.Methods:From January 2018 to January 2020, convenience sampling method was used to select 150 nurses who interned in the Department of Endocrinology of Shanxi Provincial People's Hospital as the research subjects. The control group consisted of 76 nurses who interned from January 2018 to January 2019, and the observation group consisted of 74 nurses who interned from February 2019 to January 2020. The control group was taught using traditional teaching methods, while the observation group implemented PCMC combined with feedback theory on the basis of the control group. Before and after intervention, nursing assessment results, nursing ability and teaching satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:After intervention, the scores of theoretical knowledge, clinical practice, specialized nursing, job responsibility of the two groups were higher than those before intervention, and the scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). After intervention, the scores of problem detection, emergency response, problem-solving, and team collaboration of the two groups were higher than those before intervention, and the scores of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, with statistically significant differences ( P<0.05). After intervention, the satisfaction scores of nursing teaching content, teaching form, teaching attitude, and teaching ability of the observation group were higher than those of the control group, with statistical differences ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:PCMC combined with feedback theory applied in nursing teaching of the Department of Endocrinology shows good application effects, which can improve the nursing teaching effectiveness of the Department of Endocrinology and the satisfaction of intern nurses. It is worthy of clinical promotion and practice.

【Objective】 To establish a routine screening method for unexpected antibodies of blood donors, analyze the results of centralized screening for unexpected antibody of blood donors in the blood center, and compare the cost of centralized and decentralized screening modes. 【Methods】 A total of 35 591 blood donors were screened for unexpected antibodies from March 31, 2021 to July 31, 2021, using microcolumn gel method. Unexpected antibody screening reactive samples were further confirmed by the Transfusion Research Institute of Shenzhen Blood Center, and the demographic characteristics were further determined through the analysis of unexpected antibody positive population. The direct cost and indirect cost of centralized and decentralized unexpected antibody screening mode were compared. 【Results】 Forty unexpected antibody positive samples were confirmed in Shenzhen, with the positive rate at 0.11%(40/35 591), among which MNS, Rh and Lewis system accounted for 35% (14/40), 32.5% (13/40) and 17.5% (7/40), respectively. Males and females accounted for 45% (18/40) and 55% (22/40), respectively (P<0.01). No significant difference was noticed by age and repeated-donor or not (P>0.05). Unexpected antibody screening in a centralized way saved about 1.16 million yuan per year. 【Conclusion】 It is necessary to carry out unexpected antibody screening for all blood donors, and centralized screening is more economical than decentralized screening.

Objective:To explore the effect of traditional Chinese medicine comprehensive nursing on psychological state, skin degree and quality of life in patients with rectal cancer.Methods:A total of 88 cases with rectal cancer chemotherapy in Nanyang Nanshi Hospital from August 2017 to August 2020 were as the research object, all patients were divided into two groups with 44 cases in each group by random number table method. The control group received routine nursing, the observation group was given traditional Chinese medicine comprehensive nursing based on the control group. The more satisfaction with the two groups, psychological state before and after nursing, cancer fatigue degree, the quality of life, adverse reaction after chemotherapy were compared between the two groups.Results:The satisfaction score of the observation group was (80.24±9.02) points, which was higher than that of the control group (74.64±9.02) points, there was statistically significant ( t value was 2.912, P<0.05). The probability of adverse reactions was 4.55%(2/44), which was lower than that of the control group (20.45%, 9/44), there was statistically significant ( χ2 value was 5.090, P<0.05). There were no differences in psychological state, cancer fatigue degree and quality of life between the two groups before intervention ( P>0.05). The scores of anxiety, depression, cognitive fatigue, body fatigue, emotional fatigue and behavioral fatigue after intervention were (58.24±3.56), (57.82±3.36), (5.64±1.32), (6.56±0.88), (6.04±0.64), (5.98±1.52) points in the observation group, and (60.12±3.72), (59.27±3.12), (6.28±1.48), (7.24±0.90), (6.48±0.72), (6.78±1.56) points in the control group, there were statistically significant( t values were 2.141-3.583, P<0.05).The quality of life score of the observation group after intervention was (211.68±17.12) points, which was higher than that of the control group (199.08±17.36) points, there was statistically significant( t value was 3.428, P<0.05). Conclusions:Comprehensive nursing of traditional Chinese medicine for patients with rectal cancer chemotherapy can make patients more satisfied with nursing service, relieve negative emotions and cancer fatigue, reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions to chemotherapy, and promote the improvement of patients' quality of life. It is worth popularizing.

【Objective】 To track and evaluate the clinical diagnostic efficacy of an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 【Methods】 Total antibody (TAb) specific to SARS-CoV-2 in blood donors were determined using ELISA reagent. TAb positive donors were followed up 1 month after blood donation. SARS-CoV-2 specific IgG, IgM and pseudotype lentivirus based neutralization test (ppNAT) were conducted for TAb positive blood donors and follow-up samples. ppNAT and IgG antibodies simultaneously positive in ppNAT positive samples and its follow-up samples was used as the standard for antibodies validation. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV), accuracy and Youden index of SARS-CoV-2 TAb ELISA were analyzed. 【Results】 Among 16 016 blood donors from January 31 to April 28, 2020, 61 donors were diagnosed as TAb positive, 6 cases were positive for ppNAT, in which 2 were positive for both ppNAT and IgG; 4 of 46 TAb positive follow-up samples were positive for ppNAT, in which 2 were positive for IgG simultaneously. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, accuracy, Youden index, false positive rate and false negative rate of SARS-CoV-2 TAb reagent were 100.00%, 99.60%, 3.28%, 100.00%, 99.60%, 99.60%, 0.40% and 0.00%, respectively. 【Conclusion】 SARS-CoV-2 TAb ELISA has high sensitivity and good clinical diagnostic efficacy, but the false positive rate is relatively high in low-risk blood donors. Therefore, ppNAT, IgG and follow-up results should be fully considered in clinical in order to analyze the positive results and determine the infection status more accurately.

【Objective】 To validate the performance of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antigens and antibodies for blood-borne diseases, so as to meet the requirements of blood screening laboratories. 【Methods】 The reproducibility, precision, sensitivity, specificity, conformance and detection limit of ELISA reagents under different detection procedures were verified according to relevant standards and reagent instructions. 【Results】 The performance verification results of the test procedures were in line with the relevant standards and laboratory requirements. 【Conclusion】 The performance of ELISA method can meet the relevant standards and requirements, as well as the application requirements of the laboratory. Through the analysis and comparison of the performance verification data, the blood screening laboratory can better understand the performance indicators of the detection system, continuously improve the performance of the detection system, and ensure the safety of clinical blood use.