AIM: To explore the efficacy of 0.05% cyclosporine A combined with olopatadine eye drops in treating allergic conjunctivitis-related dry eye disease.METHODS: A total of 63 patients(63 eyes)with allergic conjunctivitis-related dry eye disease in the People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from August 2022 to April 2023 were enrolled and randomly divided into control group(n=33)and observation group(n=30). The patients of the control group were administrated with 0.1% olopatadine eye drops and 0.3% sodium hyaluronate eye drops, while the observation group was administrated with 0.1% olopatadine eye drops and 0.05% cyclosporine A eye drops. The ocular surface disease index(OSDI), total ocular symptom score(TOSS), conjunctival congestion score, conjunctival papillae and follicle score, Schirmer I test(SⅠt), tear meniscus height(TMH), meibomian gland secretion ability and property score, meibomian gland loss area score, corneal fluorescein staining(CFS), tear film break-up time(BUT), noninvasive first tear film break-up time(NIBUTf), noninvasive average tear film break-up time(NIBUTav)before and after treatment and the drug safety during the treatment period of both groups of patients were evaluated.RESULTS: After treatment, OSDI, TOSS, conjunctival congestion score, conjunctival papillae and follicle score, SⅠt, TMH, meibomian gland secretion ability score and property score, CFS, BUT, NIBUTf, and NIBUTav of the observation group showed improvements compared with those before treatment(all P<0.017). Among these, OSDI, TOSS, conjunctival congestion score, conjunctival papillae and follicle score, BUT, NIBUTf, and NIBUTav demonstrated significant improvement compared with the control group(all P<0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in meibomian gland loss area score between the two groups before and after treatment(P>0.05). During the treatment period, there were no local or systemic adverse reactions.CONCLUSION: The combined use of 0.05% cyclosporine A and olopatadine eye drops can significantly improve ocular discomfort symptoms of patients with dry eye disease associated with allergic conjunctivitis, such as red eyes, itchy eyes and foreign body sensation, promote tear film stability and have high safety.

Objective To investigate the impact and significance of a precision nursing plan during the surgical manage-ment of femoral neck fractures in elderly patients.Methods From May 2022 to May 2023,70 patients with femoral neck frac-tures,including medium-sized neck and head-type,were randomly divided into a control group and an observation group equally.The two groups were managed with routine nursing interventions and specific nursing interventions,respectively.The two groups were compared in terms of the psychological status,complications,hip joint functions,and prognostic effects.Results After the intervention,the psychological status scores of both two groups significantly decreased.The observation group showed lower psy-chological status scores,indicating better psychological status compared to the control group(P＜0.05).The rate of postopera-tive complications in the observation group was significantly lower than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Additionally,the scores of hip joint function in the observation group were higher than those of the control group(P＜0.05).At the time of dis-charge,the scores of self-care ability in both two groups had increased,and the scores of femoral head necrosis were significantly decreased after 3 months of interventions(P＜0.05).Furthermore,the self-care ability scores in the observation group were higher,and the scores of femoral head necrosis were lower compared to those of the control group,indicating that the prognosis of the observation group was better than that of the control group(P＜0.05).Conclusion The precise nursing interventions could effectively enhance the prognosis of elderly patients with femoral neck fractures and improve their self-care ability.

Cyclosporine A, a cyclic polypeptide, exhibits potent immunosuppressive activity and exerts its effects through various mechanisms including immunosuppression, anti-inflammatory, inhibition of apoptosis, promotion of epithelial healing and goblet cell function recovery, enhancement of tear secretion, and close association with ocular surface disease repair. Owing to its significant efficacy, inhibition of disease recurrence and few side effects, the clinical application of cyclosporine A in the management of ocular surface diseases, including dry eye, corneal graft rejection following penetrating keratoplasty, vernal keratoconjunctivitis, noninfective keratitis and herpes simplex virus keratitis, has witnessed a substantial rise in recent years. Nevertheless, variations exist in the management of ocular surface inflammatory diseases when utilizing distinct concentrations and dosage forms of cyclosporine A. Therefore, the paper provides an overview of impacts of cyclosporine A on ocular surface diseases.

Objective:To investigate the manifestations of liver injury in hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), to investigate the prognosis indicators of the disease, and to provide the reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods:From January 10 to February 14, 2020, at Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, the data of 333 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 were collected. The changes of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total bilirubin (TBil), direct bilirubin (DBil), indirect bilirubin (IBil) and albumin of the first liver function test after admission and the reexaminations of liver function test during hospitalization period in patients with liver injury were retrospectively analyzed. Student t test and Chi-square test were used for statistical analysis. Results:Liver injury occurred in 39.6% (132/333) of COVID-19 patients. There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of liver injury between patients in intensive care unit (ICU) and in general ward (45.6%, 26/57 vs. 38.4%, 106/276; χ2=1.026, P>0.05). 67.4% (89/132) of COVID-19 patients with liver injury presented with increased ALT or AST level on admission. During hospitalization, the level of ALT was higher than that of the first examination after admission ((60.28±50.44) U/L vs. (42.25±32.21) U/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=-3.230, P<0.05). The levels of ALT and AST of 71.2% (94/132) patients were both <80 U/L, which indicated that most of the patients showed mild liver injury. The patients with elevated level of TBil, DBil and IBil accounted for 3.9% (13/333), 5.4% (18/333) and 2.4% (8/333) of the COVID-19 patients, respectively. The albumin level of COVID-19 patients with liver injury during hospitalization was lower than that of the first examination after admission ((31.8±5.1) g/L vs. (33.7±5.4) g/L), and the difference was statistically significant ( t=2.712, P<0.05). The albumin levels at first examination on admission and reexamination during hospitalization of patients in ICU were both significantly lower than those of patients in general ward ((29.3±3.7) g/L vs. (34.8±5.1) g/L and (27.6±2.8) g/L vs. (32.9±5.1) g/L), and the differences were statistically significant ( t=4.928 and 4.783, both P<0.05). Conclusions:The incidence of liver injury in COVID-19 patients is high. A slight increase in aminotransferase levels is particularly common. Bilirubin abnormality is relatively rare and mild. The level of albumin may be one of the indicators for the severity and prognosis of COVID-19.

Objective:To investigate the diagnosis and treatment of congenital leukemia and the main factors affecting its prognosis.Methods:Clinical data of children with congenital leukemia admitted to Zhengzhou Children′s Hospital from July 2007 to December 2017 were retrospectively collected.Their clinical characteristics, chemotherapy and factors affecting their long-term survival were analyzed.Results:A total of 23 cases of congenital leukemia were collected, who mostly complained of " increased white blood cells, skin nodules and skin hemorrhage" . Among them, 10 cases abandoned the treatment, who all died according to the follow-up results.Among the 13 treated cases, 7 cases were male, and 6 were female.One of the 13 cases was a twin.Eight cases were acute myeloid leukemia, and 5 cases were acute lymphoblastic leukemia.One case did not perform the fusion gene test. MLL gene was positive in 2 cases and negative in 10 cases.No other fusion genes were detected.Karyotype analysis showed that 1 case was 21-trisomy and 12 cases had a normal karyotype.All 13 patients received symptomatic and/or reduced chemotherapy.The median follow-up time was 4 years and 11 months.Six cases recovered and 7 cases died during the follow-up.One case was diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia on the 6 th day after the birth in another hospital.He was not treated timely and came to Zhengzhou Children′s Hospital with general contract blocks at the age of 32 days.After checking, he was diagnosed with center leukemia and testicular leukemia.He developed a severe infection in the lung and brain after strong chemotherapy, and died even after the remote consultation with Lurie Children′s Hospital of Chicago.The other 6 cases died of severe infection and multiple organ injuries after chemotherapy, and no one died of leukemia relapse. Conclusion:Reduction chemotherapy may be an important treatment to children with congenital leukemia.

Objective:To investigate the pathology characteristics, so as to provide treatment experience of primary cardiac tumors for pediatric patients.Methods:A retrospective study was conducted for 135 patients with primary cardiac tumor between January 2004 and December 2017 in Shanghai Children′s Medical Center.The median age was 0.54 years (range, 0-14.36 years). Single tumor was discovered in 61 cases and multiple rumors were found in 74 cases.Forty-five patients presented obvious clinical symptoms, 4 patients with mild symptoms and 86 patients without symptoms.Forty-one patients underwent surgical treatment, including complete resection of the tumor in 24 cases, partial resection in 16 cases and heart transplantation in 1 case.Concomitant valvuloplasty was required in 13 patients.Ninety-four patients did not receive surgical treatment.Results:A total of 40 patients underwent surgical treatment in Shanghai Children′s Medical Center.Three patients died of low cardiac output (in-hospital mortality: 7.5%), and 2 patients recovered from postoperative low cardiac output.The hemodynamic status was stable in the remaining 35 cases.One patient who received heart transplantation in another hospital survived and had good cardiac function during 24 months follow-ups.There were no significant differences in the survival rate between partial resection and complete resection of benign tumors.One late death was observed in patients with malignant tumors for 2 years after operation.Surveillance was kept in 94 non-surgical patients, among whom 1 case died for the abandon of surgery and 1 case died when waiting for heart transplantation.Other 2 patients were waiting for heart transplantation and other 90 patients had no hemodynamic disorder.Conclusion:Most of primary cardiac tumors are benign and long time follow-up should be able to get on for pediatric patients.When patients develop hemodynamical obstruction, arrhythmia or malignant tumor, surgical treatment is necessary.The principle of surgical therapy in these patients is to restore normal hemodynamic status, instead of completely removing tumor.Heart transplantation is potentially the only way for patients whose tumor cannot be resected.

Objective To detect C-met protein expression and gene amplification in lung adenocarcinoma, and to analyze their relationship with epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) resistance and prognosis. Methods A total of 120 cases of lung adenocarcinoma diagnosed in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from January 2011 to May 2013 were selected. The expressions of C-met protein and C-met gene amplification were conducted by immunohistochemistry (IHC) method and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and all patients were followed up. The relationship between the expression of C-met protein and gene amplification with clinicopathological features and EGFR-TKI resistance and prognosis were analyzed. Results The high expression of C-met protein and gene amplification in 120 tissues were 17.5 ％ (21/120), 10.83 ％ (13/120). Of the 80 patients treated with EGFR-TKI, the incidence of C-met protein high expression was 30.43 ％ (14/46) in patients with drug resistance, which was significantly higher than that in patients without drug resistance (11.76 ％, 4/34), the difference was statistically significant (χ2= 3.908, P= 0.048). The rate of C-met gene amplification was 19.57 ％ (9/46) in patients with drug resistance,which was significantly higher than that in patients without drug resistance (2.94 ％, 1/34) the difference was statistically significant (P= 0.038). The expression of C-met protein in 46 patients with drug resistance was positively correlated with gene amplification (r= 0.388, P= 0.008), but in 40 patients without TKI, the expression of C-met protein was not correlated with gene amplification (r=0.279, P=0.081). The high expression of C-met protein was correlated with age, pathological grade and clinical stage (all P<0.05), while C-met gene amplification was related to clinical stage (P=0.036). Cox regression analysis suggested that C-met gene amplification was an independent prognostic factor (P= 0.034). Conclusions C-met protein expression and gene amplification are risk factors for EGFR-TKI resistance. C-met gene amplification suggests poor prognosis, and can be used as an independent factor for prognostic evaluation.

Objective To study the values of clinicopathological features and expression of thyroid transcription factor 1 (TTF-1) in predicting the mutation status of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Methods Mutation status of exons 18, 19, 20 and 21 in EGFR, and expression of TTF-1 protein in 283 cases of NSCLC diagnosed in Shanxi Provincial Cancer Hospital from January 2013 to December 2014 were analyzed by using amplification refractory mutation system (ARMS) and immunohistochemical method. The correlation of EGFR mutations with the clinicopathological features and TTF-1 expression were studied to explore the values of them in the prediction of EGFR mutations. Results Among 283 cases of NSCLC, the rate of EGFR gene mutation was 30.0 ％(85/283), including 3 cases with double mutations(exon 18 and exon 20 double mutations in one case, exon 19 and exon 21 double mutations in one case, exon 20 and exon 21 double mutations in one case). The EGFR gene mutations were associated with gender, histological type, history of smoking, and expression of TTF-1 (all P<0.001), but not related to age and tumor location (P= 0.785, P= 0.138). The combination of factors with high mutation rates (women, adenocarcinoma, no smoking, and TTF-1 positive) made the positive predictive value of EGFR mutations up to 57.6 ％. And the combination of factors with low mutation rates (male, nonadenocarcinoma, smoking history, TTF-1 negative) made the EGFR negative predictive value up to 90.3％. Conclusion The combination of clinicopathological features and TTF-1 expression status in patients with NSCLC has a great predictive value for EGFR mutations, which can provide a useful reference for clinical treatment decision-making.

Objective: To investigate the relationship of PD-L1 protein expression and gene amplification in gastric cancer and their correlation with clinicopathologic factors. Methods: The cohort included 247 gastric cancer specimens with follow-up data and clinicopathologic data obtained from Shanxi Cancer Hospital in 2011. PD-L1 expression was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). Results: PD-L1 protein was expressed in 25.9% (64/247) of the tumor cells and 26.7% (66/247) of the tumor infiltrating immune cells (IC). There was a correlation between the two (P<0.01). The expression of PD-L1 in tumor cells correlated with the degree of differentiation and tumor diameter(P<0.05). The PD-L1 expression in IC correlated with vascular tumor thrombi(P<0.05). The amplification rate of PD-L1 gene detected by FISH was 19.0% (47/247), and was associated with age, large/small curvature of the stomach, tumor location, tumor diameter, and lymph node metastasis(P<0.05). The positive coincidence rate of the two methods was 25.0% (16/64), negative coincidence rate was 83.0% (152/183), and total coincidence rate was 68.0% (168/247), suggesting that the coincidence of IHC and FISH was poor (P=0.157). There was a negative correlation between PD-L1 protein expression on tumor cells and prognosis in gastric cancer. There was no significant correlation between PD-L1 protein expression on IC and PD-L1 gene amplification with prognosis. Vascular tumor thrombi, tumor diameter, depth of invasion, and lymph node metastasis were all poor prognostic factors of gastric cancer(P<0.05). Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that PD-L1 protein expression, depth of invasion and lymph node metastasis were all independent prognostic risk factors for gastric cancer. Conclusions Concordance between PD-L1 protein expression and gene amplification is poor. PD-L1 protein expression may signify poor prognosis. There is no significant correlation between PD-L1 gene amplification and prognosis of patients with gastric cancer.

Objective To explore the relationship between myc/bcl-2 and myc/p53 co-expression and the prognosis of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Methods A total of 148 DLBCL cases with the follow-up data in Shanxi Cancer Hospital from January 2010 to October 2014 were selected. The expression of myc, bcl-2 and p53 protein in paraffin samples was detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Results The positive expression rate of myc, bcl-2 and p53 was 35.1 % (52/148), 60.1 % (89/148) and 24.3 % (36/148) respectively in 148 patients with DLBCL. There were 37 (25.0%) cases of myc/bcl-2 co-expression, which were correlated with Hans classification (χ2= 4.749, P= 0.029), IPI score (χ2= 4.894, P= 0.027), bone marrow invasion (χ2= 4.751, P= 0.029), and efficacy evaluation (χ2= 9.14, P= 0.003). Myc/p53 co-expression was detected in 17 cases (11.5 %), which was associated with Hans classification (χ2 = 5.349, P= 0.021) andLDH level (χ2= 11.1, P= 0.001). Univariate analysis revealed that myc [overall survival (OS): χ2= 6.044, P= 0.014; progression free survival (PFS):χ2= 6.212, P= 0.013], bcl-2 (OS:χ2= 5.812, P= 0.016; PFS:χ2= 4.878, P= 0.027), p53 (OS:χ2= 20.092, P< 0.0001; PFS:χ2= 18.492, P< 0.0001), myc/bcl-2 co-expression (OS: χ2= 11.277, P= 0.001; PFS:χ2= 9.024, P= 0.003) and myc/p53 co-expression (OS: χ2=21.150, P< 0.0001; PFS: χ2 = 18.655, P< 0.0001) were the adverse prognostic factors. In addition, the survival rate of the co-expression group was lower than that of single expression group, and the survival rate of myc/p53 co-expression group was lower than that of myc/bcl-2 co-expression group. Multivariate analysis showed that among the six independent variables, including myc, bcl-2, p53, myc/bcl-2, myc/p53 and treatment regimen, p53 expression was an independent prognostic affecting factor of OS (95%CI 0.172ˉ0.763, P=0.008) and PFS (95%CI 0.172ˉ0.773, P=0.009). Conclusion Myc, bcl-2 and p53 are the poor prognostic factors in DLBCL. Myc/bcl-2 and myc/p53 co-expression have synergistic effect, indicating the poor prognosis.