Objective To study the effect and mechanism of paeonol(PAE)on renal interstitial fibrosis in rats.Methods The rats were randomly divided into sham operation(Sham)group,unilateral ureteral obstruction(UUO)group,PAE low dose(PAE-L)group,PAE medium dose(PAE-M)group,PAE high dose(PAE-H)group and irbesartan(IRB)group.Except for the Sham group,the UUO model was established in other groups.Each group was given a corresponding intervention for two weeks.Serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),serum 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine(8-OHdG)levels,renal tissue superoxide dismutase(SOD),glutathione peroxidase(GPX)activities,α-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),type Ⅰ collagen(Col-Ⅰ),fibronectin(FN),silent information regulator 1(SIRT1),nuclear factor E2-related factor 2(Nrf2)protein expression were detected;observe pathological changes of kidney tissue and calculate collagen volume fraction(CVF).Results Compared with the UUO group,the serum levels of Scr,BUN,and 8-OHdG in each dose group of PAE were decreased,the activities of SOD and GPX in kidney tissue were increased,the positive expressions of α-SMA,Col-Ⅰ and FN in kidney tissue were decreased,and the protein expressions of SIRT1 and Nrf2 were increased.Masson staining showed a decrease of CVF in renal tissue(all P<0.05),and HE staining showed a different degree of improvement in pathological changes such as inflammatory cell infiltration and tubular dilatation in renal tissue;PAE improves renal interstitial fibrosis in rats in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05),and the effect of large dose PAE on renal interstitial fibrosis in rats was similar to that of IRB.Conclusion PAE can alleviate UUO-induced rat renal interstitial fibrosis and oxidative stress,and improve rat renal function.And this mechanism may be related to the activation of the SIRT1/Nrf2 signaling pathway.

Humans ; COVID-19/genetics* ; SARS-CoV-2/genetics* ; Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats/genetics* ; CRISPR-Cas Systems/genetics* ; RNA, Viral/genetics*

Objective:The research was aimed to investigate the association between serum total homocysteine (tHcy) and subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (SCD).Methods:A retrospective survey of 106 newly diagnosed patients with SCD were enrolled in this research who were treated in the department of neurology of Xijing Hospital from January 2008 to February 2019, meanwhile, 121 patients with spinal cord lesion (not SCD) and 104 neurology mild outpatients were selected as controls. Serum tHcy level was determined by using the chemiluminescent immunoassay assay. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for SCD. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, specificity and Youden index were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of tHcy. Spearman correlation analysis was used to observe the correlation between tHcy and SCD severity. The SCD patients were categorized into normal or mild tHcy group, moderate tHcy group, and severe tHcy group based on tHcy levels. Clinical symptoms, nerve conduction velocity, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings from the patients were studied.Results:The serum tHcy levels in SCD patients were 64.3(26.5, 98.8) μmol/L, while in patients with spinal cord lesion (not SCD) group were 13.7(10.8, 19.2) μmol/L, neurology mild outpatients were 10.6(8.2, 13.0) μmol/L, which was higher in SCD group ( H=112.020, P<0.001), ( H=165.525, P<0.001).The multivariate logistic regression model showed tHcy is the impact factor of SCD ( OR=1.107, 95% CI:1.077-1.139, P<0.001). At ROC analysis, tHcy showed diagnostic value with an optimal cut-off value of 24.9 μmol/L (AUC 0.913, 95% CI: 0.875-0.951, sensitivity 79.2%, specificity 91.6%). Spearman correlation analysis showed that tHcy was positively correlated with functional disability rating scale ( r=0.254, P=0.009). Conclusions:Serum tHcy is the risk factor for SCD and related to its disability. Focus on the increased level of tHcy plays a positive role in the diagnosis of SCD.

Objective:The research was aimed to investigate the association between serum total homocysteine (tHcy) and subacute combined degeneration of the spinal cord (SCD).Methods:A retrospective survey of 106 newly diagnosed patients with SCD were enrolled in this research who were treated in the department of neurology of Xijing Hospital from January 2008 to February 2019, meanwhile, 121 patients with spinal cord lesion (not SCD) and 104 neurology mild outpatients were selected as controls. Serum tHcy level was determined by using the chemiluminescent immunoassay assay. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the risk factors for SCD. The area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, sensitivity, specificity and Youden index were used to evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of tHcy. Spearman correlation analysis was used to observe the correlation between tHcy and SCD severity. The SCD patients were categorized into normal or mild tHcy group, moderate tHcy group, and severe tHcy group based on tHcy levels. Clinical symptoms, nerve conduction velocity, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings from the patients were studied.Results:The serum tHcy levels in SCD patients were 64.3(26.5, 98.8) μmol/L, while in patients with spinal cord lesion (not SCD) group were 13.7(10.8, 19.2) μmol/L, neurology mild outpatients were 10.6(8.2, 13.0) μmol/L, which was higher in SCD group ( H=112.020, P<0.001), ( H=165.525, P<0.001).The multivariate logistic regression model showed tHcy is the impact factor of SCD ( OR=1.107, 95% CI:1.077-1.139, P<0.001). At ROC analysis, tHcy showed diagnostic value with an optimal cut-off value of 24.9 μmol/L (AUC 0.913, 95% CI: 0.875-0.951, sensitivity 79.2%, specificity 91.6%). Spearman correlation analysis showed that tHcy was positively correlated with functional disability rating scale ( r=0.254, P=0.009). Conclusions:Serum tHcy is the risk factor for SCD and related to its disability. Focus on the increased level of tHcy plays a positive role in the diagnosis of SCD.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection can cause acute respiratory distress syndrome, hypercoagulability, hypertension, and multiorgan dysfunction. Effective antivirals with safe clinical profile are urgently needed to improve the overall prognosis. In an analysis of a randomly collected cohort of 124 patients with COVID-19, we found that hypercoagulability as indicated by elevated concentrations of D-dimers was associated with disease severity. By virtual screening of a U.S. FDA approved drug library, we identified an anticoagulation agent dipyridamole (DIP) , which suppressed SARS-CoV-2 replication . In a proof-of-concept trial involving 31 patients with COVID-19, DIP supplementation was associated with significantly decreased concentrations of D-dimers ( < 0.05), increased lymphocyte and platelet recovery in the circulation, and markedly improved clinical outcomes in comparison to the control patients. In particular, all 8 of the DIP-treated severely ill patients showed remarkable improvement: 7 patients (87.5%) achieved clinical cure and were discharged from the hospitals while the remaining 1 patient (12.5%) was in clinical remission.

Betacoronavirus ; Coronavirus Infections ; Humans ; Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral ; Single-Cell Analysis

Objective To revalue the post-marketing safety of Xiyanping injection. Methods The research was carried out by prospective hospital based monitoring method. The leading organizations were Guangdong Medicine Adverse Reaction Monitoring Center and Chinese of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine Institute. The participants were 21 hospitals in 6 provinces/municipality directly under the Central Government which located in Northeast China,Central China,South China,and Southwest China. Monitoring objects were all patients who used Xiyanping injection when they were hospitalized. The set sample size was not fewer than 30 000 cases. Every patient who used Xiyanping injection filled in Xiyanping injection screening card(screening card)by research staff manually. The patient who developed adverse reactions(ADR)after using Xiyanping injection filled in Xiyanping injection monitoring table(monitoring table)by clinical pharmacist manually. All the hospital should report the screening card and the monitoring table to Guangdong Provincial Drug Reevaluation Report Management System(Reevaluation Report Management System)every month.The monitoring study ended when the number of screening cardrunning up to 30 000. The reported data were collected and the incidence rate of Xiyanping injection were calculated. The clinical characteristics of adverse reactions were analyzed. Results Data were collected through the Reevaluation Report Management System till January 23,2015. The monitoring study ended. Five hospitals stopped participation in the monitoring study because of discontinuity of cases′ data from March to August, 2013. A total of 30 759 screening cards and 23 monitoring tables which were from 16 hostipals were collected finally. There were 18 295(59.48%)male and 12 464(40.52%)female in 30 759 patients. Of them the number of patients whose age <4 years were 16 501(53.64%). The patients′primary diseases were mainly respiratory disease,infectious disease,parasitic disease,and digestive system disease. All the patients used Xiyanping injection with standard doses according to the instructions. Two thousands and eight hundred-ten (9.02%)patients did not use prescriptive menstruums. There were 28 353 patients(90.98%)who were treated with combined drugs at the same time. The top 4 combined drugs were antimicrobial agents, electrolyte acid-base balance and nutrition drugs,respiratory system drugs,and digestive system drugs successively. Twenty-three of 30 759 patients developed ADR related to Xiyanping injection,the ADR incidence rate was 0.75‰,95% confidence interval(CI)was 0.47‰ to 1.12‰. The results of deciding the relevance of ADR with Xiyanping injection as "in all probability","possible" and "unable to judge"were 12(51.27%),10(43.48%)and 1(4.35%)cases,respectively. Thirty-four ADR soccurred in 23 patients.The main clinical manifestations of ADR were erythra(19 cases),pruritus(7 cases),shiver with cold(4 cases),fever(3 cases),and cyanotic lips(1 case). The degree of adverse reactions were all general.Nineteen patients improved or recurred on the same day of drug withdrawal and treatment of antianaphylaxis. Three patients improved or recured within 2 days. One patient improved on the day 14 of drug withdrawal and treatment of antianaphylaxis. Conclusion The incidence of ADR due to Xiyanping injection from 2012 to 2015 were lower and have better safety.

Objective To revalue the post-marketing safety of Xiyanping injection. Methods The research was carried out by prospective hospital based monitoring method. The leading organizations were Guangdong Medicine Adverse Reaction Monitoring Center and Chinese of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine Institute. The participants were 21 hospitals in 6 provinces/municipality directly under the Central Government which located in Northeast China,Central China,South China,and Southwest China. Monitoring objects were all patients who used Xiyanping injection when they were hospitalized. The set sample size was not fewer than 30 000 cases. Every patient who used Xiyanping injection filled in Xiyanping injection screening card(screening card)by research staff manually. The patient who developed adverse reactions(ADR)after using Xiyanping injection filled in Xiyanping injection monitoring table(monitoring table)by clinical pharmacist manually. All the hospital should report the screening card and the monitoring table to Guangdong Provincial Drug Reevaluation Report Management System(Reevaluation Report Management System)every month.The monitoring study ended when the number of screening cardrunning up to 30 000. The reported data were collected and the incidence rate of Xiyanping injection were calculated. The clinical characteristics of adverse reactions were analyzed. Results Data were collected through the Reevaluation Report Management System till January 23,2015. The monitoring study ended. Five hospitals stopped participation in the monitoring study because of discontinuity of cases′ data from March to August, 2013. A total of 30 759 screening cards and 23 monitoring tables which were from 16 hostipals were collected finally. There were 18 295(59.48%)male and 12 464(40.52%)female in 30 759 patients. Of them the number of patients whose age <4 years were 16 501(53.64%). The patients′primary diseases were mainly respiratory disease,infectious disease,parasitic disease,and digestive system disease. All the patients used Xiyanping injection with standard doses according to the instructions. Two thousands and eight hundred-ten (9.02%)patients did not use prescriptive menstruums. There were 28 353 patients(90.98%)who were treated with combined drugs at the same time. The top 4 combined drugs were antimicrobial agents, electrolyte acid-base balance and nutrition drugs,respiratory system drugs,and digestive system drugs successively. Twenty-three of 30 759 patients developed ADR related to Xiyanping injection,the ADR incidence rate was 0.75‰,95% confidence interval(CI)was 0.47‰ to 1.12‰. The results of deciding the relevance of ADR with Xiyanping injection as "in all probability","possible" and "unable to judge"were 12(51.27%),10(43.48%)and 1(4.35%)cases,respectively. Thirty-four ADR soccurred in 23 patients.The main clinical manifestations of ADR were erythra(19 cases),pruritus(7 cases),shiver with cold(4 cases),fever(3 cases),and cyanotic lips(1 case). The degree of adverse reactions were all general.Nineteen patients improved or recurred on the same day of drug withdrawal and treatment of antianaphylaxis. Three patients improved or recured within 2 days. One patient improved on the day 14 of drug withdrawal and treatment of antianaphylaxis. Conclusion The incidence of ADR due to Xiyanping injection from 2012 to 2015 were lower and have better safety.

Objective To assess the clinical value of preoperative CT-guided microcoil positioning of small solitary pulmonary nodule (SPN) in assisting video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS) procedure to more quickly and more precisely remove small pulmonary lesions.Methods The clinical data of 90 patients with SPN,who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from June 2014 to May 2016 to receive VATS,were retrospective analyzed.Preoperative CT-guided microcoil positioning of SPN was employed in 45 patients (group A),while other 45 patients (group B) did not receive preoperative positioning of SPN.The pulmonary lobar wedge resection time,the transfer rate of changing to open chest operation,postoperative hospitalization time,the success rate of microcoil positioning of SPN,complications,etc.of both groups were statistically analyzed.The safety of preoperative CT-guided microcoil positioning of SPN was evaluated,and its benefit-enhancing value for VATS was discussed.Results In group A,the success rate of VATS was 100％ and the success rate of SPN positioning was 95.6％.Postoperative complications included pneumothorax (n=5),pulmonay surface hemorrhage (n=6),and dislodgement of microcoil (n=2).In group B,the success rate of VATS was 84.4％ and the transfer rate of changing to open chest operation was 15.6％.In group A,the manipulation time of VATS was (17.7±2.8) min,the postoperative hospitalization time was (6.2±1.7) days,and the transfer rate of changing to open chest operation was 0％,which were strikingly lower than those in group B;the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05).Conclusion Preoperative CT-guided microcoil positioning of small SPN can assist VATS procedure to remove small pulmonary lesions more quickly and more precisely,it can effectively reduce the transfer rate of changing to open chest operation,shorten the manipulation time of VATS as well as the postoperative hospitalization time.

This article presents a transcutaneous electric stimulator that is based on chaotic signal. Firstly, we in the study used the MATLAB platform in the PC to generate chaotic signal through the chaos equation, and then we transferred the signal out by data acquisition equipment of USB-6251 manufactured by NI Company. In order to obtain high-power signal for transcutaneous electric stimulator, we used the chip of LM3886 to amplify the signal. Finally, we used the power-amplified chaotic signal to stimulate the internal nerve of human through the electrodes fixed on the skin. We obtained different stimulation effects of transcutaneous electric stimulator by changing the parameters of chaotic model. The preliminary test showed that the randomness of chaotic signals improved the applicability of electrical stimulation and the rules of chaos ensured that the stimulation was comfort. The method reported in this paper provides a new way for the design of transcutaneous electric stimulator.
Electrodes ; Humans ; Models, Theoretical ; Skin ; Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation