Objective Domestic research institutions and researchers have established a wide variety of animal disease models and accumulated a wealth of specialized, distinctive, and targeted atlas data during the model development process. These atlas data are of great value for development and application. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a professional and complete digital atlas database platform for animal models, which can achieve the open sharing of animal model atlas data and the integration and optimization of atlas resources related to disease animal models held by relevant domestic institutions. Methods Based on the B/S architecture, the authors' institution built a digital atlas database of animal models, using Java as the main development language and Oracle database system along with related auxiliary tools. The database platform ran in a Linux environment and could be accessed by users through a web browser. At present, the data on this platform mainly came from the atlas resources submitted by animal model resource units within Guangdong Province. Results In August 2024, a digital atlas database platform for animal models was constructed based on the classification structure of three dimensions: systemic diseases, animal species, and resource units. This platform provided functions such as collection, management, retrieval, and viewing of atlas data. As of January 2025, four resource units had submitted 61 atlas data entries of animal models to the platform, totalling 610 data items. Conclusion The animal model digital atlas database platform has been constructed and put into preliminary use. Although the amount of data on the platform is still limited, it is capable of integrating and openly sharing animal model atlas data. It is believed that with the continuous enrichment of atlas data in the future, this platform is expected to provide important data support for the development of laboratory animal science and comparative medicine research, thereby promoting the efficient utilization of scientific research resources.

Objective Domestic research institutions and researchers have established a wide variety of animal disease models and accumulated a wealth of specialized, distinctive, and targeted atlas data during the model development process. These atlas data are of great value for development and application. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a professional and complete digital atlas database platform for animal models, which can achieve the open sharing of animal model atlas data and the integration and optimization of atlas resources related to disease animal models held by relevant domestic institutions. Methods Based on the B/S architecture, the authors' institution built a digital atlas database of animal models, using Java as the main development language and Oracle database system along with related auxiliary tools. The database platform ran in a Linux environment and could be accessed by users through a web browser. At present, the data on this platform mainly came from the atlas resources submitted by animal model resource units within Guangdong Province. Results In August 2024, a digital atlas database platform for animal models was constructed based on the classification structure of three dimensions: systemic diseases, animal species, and resource units. This platform provided functions such as collection, management, retrieval, and viewing of atlas data. As of January 2025, four resource units had submitted 61 atlas data entries of animal models to the platform, totalling 610 data items. Conclusion The animal model digital atlas database platform has been constructed and put into preliminary use. Although the amount of data on the platform is still limited, it is capable of integrating and openly sharing animal model atlas data. It is believed that with the continuous enrichment of atlas data in the future, this platform is expected to provide important data support for the development of laboratory animal science and comparative medicine research, thereby promoting the efficient utilization of scientific research resources.

Objective Exploring the current research status,research context,evolution,and future research directions of laboratory animal welfare and ethics in China.Methods Literature related to laboratory animal welfare and ethics was collected from journals in the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database from 2001 to 2023.A combination of a qualitative description based on a literature review and CiteSpace visual bibliometric analysis was used to summarize the achievements,hot topics,and directions of laboratory animal welfare and ethics research.Results The literature shows that the overall popularity of research into laboratory animal welfare and ethics is on the rise in China.The hot research topics in this field include basic theories of laboratory animal welfare and ethics,the legislation of laboratory animal welfare and ethics,technologies for improving laboratory animal welfare and ethics,reviews of laboratory animal welfare and ethics,and laboratory animal welfare and ethics education.In response to the ethical issues arising from emerging interdisciplinary fields,continuous innovation is being made via research into this topic.Conclusions Suggestions are put forward regarding changes to the legal system,review mechanisms,education and training,and innovative research using laboratory animals welfare and ethics to provide a reference and guidance on the welfare and ethics of laboratory animals.

The Guangdong Province Laboratory Animals Ordinance(the GPLAO),officially enacted and implemented in October 2010,marked a new phase of legal management in the administration of laboratory animals in Guangdong Province.The GPLAO clearly authorizes the laboratory animal monitoring institutes in Guangdong Province to conduct laboratory animal quality monitoring and assume corresponding legal responsibilities.It also specifies the standards for the production and use of laboratory animals,while bringing attention to laboratory animal welfare and ethics.Through the formulation of supporting documents,the active promotion of the standardization and regulation of administrative law enforcement,and the implementation of measures to delegate power,streamline administration,and optimize government services,significant improvements have been made in the standardized management of laboratory animals in Guangdong Province and in supporting the innovative development of biomedicine.Moreover,notable achievements have been made in areas such as the construction of experimental animal technology platforms,standardization work,the preservation and development of unique resources,and talent pool development.However,with the advancements in science and technology,social economy,and legislative work,some aspects in the GPLAO have been identified for improvement.These include the need for clearer provisions on laboratory animal welfare,more specific guidelines for the management of genetically engineered animals,improved regulations on the safety and welfare of practitioners,further refined implementation of the"one-vote veto system",continued promotion of laboratory animal standardization,and the exploration of effective mechanisms for resource sharing.This paper reviews and summarizes the institutional characteristics,post-legislation implementation,and effectiveness of the GPLAO,as well as the issues and countermeasures identified during the implementation.It concludes the laboratory animals management practices in Guangdong Province during the past 10 years,aiming to provide a reference for laboratory animal legislation.

Background::Atopic dermatitis (AD) affects approximately 10% of adults worldwide. CM310 is a humanized monoclonal antibody targeting interleukin-4 receptor alpha that blocks interleukin-4 and interleukin-13 signaling. This trial aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CM310 in Chinese adults with moderate-to-severe AD.Methods::This multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial was conducted in 21 medical institutions in China from February to November 2021. Totally 120 eligible patients were enrolled and randomized (1:1:1) to receive subcutaneous injections of 300 mg CM310, 150 mg CM310, or placebo every 2 weeks for 16 weeks, followed by an 8-week follow-up period. The primary endpoint was the proportion of patients achieving ≥75% improvement in the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI-75) score from baseline at week 16. Safety and pharmacodynamics were also studied.Results::At week 16, the proportion of EASI-75 responders from baseline was significantly higher in the CM310 groups (70% [28/40] for high-dose and 65% [26/40] for low-dose) than that in the placebo group (20%[8/40]). The differences in EASI-75 response rate were 50% (high vs. placebo, 95% CI 31%–69%) and 45% (low vs. placebo, 95% CI 26%–64%), with both P values <0.0001. CM310 at both doses also significantly improved the EASI score, Investigator’s Global Assessment score, daily peak pruritus Numerical Rating Scale, AD-affected body surface area, and Dermatology Life Quality Index compared with placebo. CM310 treatment reduced levels of thymus and activation-regulated chemokine, total immunoglobulin E, lactate dehydrogenase, and blood eosinophils. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) was similar among all three groups, with the most common TEAEs reported being upper respiratory tract infection, atopic dermatitis, hyperlipidemia, and hyperuricemia. No severe adverse events were deemed to be attributed to CM310. Conclusion::CM310 at 150 mg and 300 mg every 2 weeks demonstrated significant efficacy and was well-tolerated in adults with moderate-to-severe AD.Trial Registration::ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04805411.

Background::Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress response protein and is related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to investigate the association between GDF-15 and pre-eclampsia (PE).Method::The study involved 299 pregnant women, out of which 236 had normal pregnancies, while 63 participants had PE. Maternal serum levels of GDF-15 were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and then translated into multiple of median (MOM) to avoid the influence of gestational week at blood sampling. Logistic models were performed to estimate the association between GDF-15 MOM and PE, presenting as odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results::MOM of GDF-15 in PE participants was higher compared with controls (1.588 vs. 1.000, p < 0.001). In the logistic model, pregnant women with higher MOM of GDF-15 (>1) had a 4.74-fold (95% CI= 2.23-10.08, p < 0.001) increased risk of PE, adjusted by age, preconceptional body mass index, gravidity, and parity. Conclusions::These results demonstrated that higher levels of serum GDF-15 were associated with PE. GDF-15 may serve as a biomarker for diagnosing PE.

Background::Growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) is a stress response protein and is related to cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This study aimed to investigate the association between GDF-15 and pre-eclampsia (PE).Method::The study involved 299 pregnant women, out of which 236 had normal pregnancies, while 63 participants had PE. Maternal serum levels of GDF-15 were measured by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits and then translated into multiple of median (MOM) to avoid the influence of gestational week at blood sampling. Logistic models were performed to estimate the association between GDF-15 MOM and PE, presenting as odd ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs).Results::MOM of GDF-15 in PE participants was higher compared with controls (1.588 vs. 1.000, p < 0.001). In the logistic model, pregnant women with higher MOM of GDF-15 (>1) had a 4.74-fold (95% CI= 2.23-10.08, p < 0.001) increased risk of PE, adjusted by age, preconceptional body mass index, gravidity, and parity. Conclusions::These results demonstrated that higher levels of serum GDF-15 were associated with PE. GDF-15 may serve as a biomarker for diagnosing PE.

Objective:To evaluate the relationship between the mechanism underlying the antidepressant effect of S-ketamine and hippocampal gamma-aminobutyric acid B receptor (GABA BR) in mice. Methods:A total of 54 male C57BL/6(B6) mice, aged 8 weeks, weighing 25-30 g, were used in this study. Forty mice were selected to develop the depression model by chronic social defeat stress. Twenty-six depression-susceptible mice were screened out by social avoidance test at day 11 after developing the model and divided into 2 groups ( n=13 each) by a random number table method: depression-susceptible group (Sus group) and depression-susceptible + S-ketamine group (Sus + S-ket group). The remaining 14 mice served as control group (C group). Starting from day 12 after developing the model, S-ketamine 10 mg/kg was intraperitoneally injected every day for 3 consecutive days in Sus+ S-ket group, while the equal volume of normal saline was given instead in C group and Sus group. The open field test was performed at 1 h after the last administration, and the total distance of movement was recorded. The forced swimming test was performed at 1 day after the open field test, and the immobile time was recorded. The sucrose preference test was performed to calculate the proportion of sucrose consumption at 1 day after the forced swimming test. One hour after the end of behavioral test, mice were sacrificed, and the hippocampal tissues were removed. Western blot was used to detect the expression of GABA BR1, GABA BR2, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), phosphorylated mTOR (p-mTOR), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), tyrosine kinase receptor B (TrkB), phosphorylated TrkB (p-TrkB), glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1) and postsynaptic dense protein 95 (PSD95). The p-mTOR/mTOR ratio and p-TrkB/TrkB ratio were calculated. The fluorescence intensity of BDNF in hippocampal CA1 region was detected by immunofluorescence. The number of dendritic spines in hippocampal CA1 region was measured by Golgi staining. Results:In the open field test, no statistically significant difference in the total distance was detected among the three groups ( P>0.05). Compared with C group, the immobile time in the forced swimming test was significantly prolonged, the proportion of sucrose consumption was decreased, the expression of hippocampal GABA BR1, GABA BR2, BDNF, GluR1 and PSD95 was down-regulated, and the ratios of p-mTOR/mTOR and p-TrkB/TrkB were decreased, the fluorescence intensity of BDNF and total number of dendritic spines in the hippocampal CA1 region were decreased in Sus group ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in the parameters mentioned above in Sus+ S-ket group ( P>0.05). Compared with Sus group, the immobile time in the forced swimming test was significantly shortened, the proportion of sucrose consumption was increased, the expression of hippocampal GABA BR1, GABA BR2, BDNF, GluR1 and PSD95 was up-regulated, the ratios of p-mTOR/mTOR and p-TrkB/TrkB were increased, and the fluorescence intensity of BDNF and total number of dendritic spines in the hippocampal CA1 region were increased in Sus+ S-ket group ( P<0.05). Conclusions:The mechanism underlying the antidepressant effect of S-ketamine may be related to up-regulation of hippocampal GABA BR expression, activation of mTOR-BDNF signaling pathway, and improvement in synaptic plasticity in mice.

BACKGROUND: LY01005 (Goserelin acetate sustained-release microsphere injection) is a modified gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist injected monthly. This phase III trial study aimed to evaluated the efficacy and safety of LY01005 in Chinese patients with prostate cancer. METHODS: We conducted a randomized controlled, open-label, non-inferiority trial across 49 sites in China. This study included 290 patients with prostate cancer who received either LY01005 or goserelin implants every 28 days for three injections. The primary efficacy endpoints were the percentage of patients with testosterone suppression ≤50 ng/dL at day 29 and the cumulative probability of testosterone ≤50 ng/dL from day 29 to 85. Non-inferiority was prespecified at a margin of -10%. Secondary endpoints included significant castration (≤20 ng/dL), testosterone surge within 72 h following repeated dosing, and changes in luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, and prostate specific antigen levels. RESULTS: On day 29, in the LY01005 and goserelin implant groups, testosterone concentrations fell below medical-castration levels in 99.3% (142/143) and 100% (140/140) of patients, respectively, with a difference of -0.7% (95% confidence interval [CI], -3.9% to 2.0%) between the two groups. The cumulative probabilities of maintaining castration from days 29 to 85 were 99.3% and 97.8%, respectively, with a between-group difference of 1.5% (95% CI, -1.3% to 4.4%). Both results met the criterion for non-inferiority. Secondary endpoints were similar between groups. Both treatments were well-tolerated. LY01005 was associated with fewer injection-site reactions than the goserelin implant (0% vs . 1.4% [2/145]). CONCLUSION: LY01005 is as effective as goserelin implants in reducing testosterone to castration levels, with a similar safety profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04563936.
Humans ; Male ; Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal/therapeutic use* ; East Asian People ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone/agonists* ; Goserelin/therapeutic use* ; Prostate-Specific Antigen ; Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Testosterone

Objective:To compare the performance and surgical outcomes of domestic single-use digital flexible ureteroscopes with reusable digital flexible ureteroscopes in treatment of upper urinary stones.Methods:A prospective, single-blind, multicenter and randomized controlled study was performed from September 2018 to June 2019. Eligible patients were randomly assigned, in a ratio of 1∶1, to either experimental group or control group. The inclusion criteria for the study were: aged 18-75 years, solitary upper urinary stone with stone size between 0.8 and 2.0 cm and CT value less than 1 400 HU, negative preoperative urine culture and normal renal function. Exclusion criteria included: patients with acute urinary tract infection, intransitable urethral strictures, impassable ureteropelvic junction obstructions, systemic hemorrhagic disease, coagulation function abnormalities or bleeding tendency, severe hypertension or cardiopulmonary insufficiency, severe hip malformation and difficulty in meeting the demand of operation position and pregnant and lactation women. The device used in the experimental group was a domestic single-use digital flexible ureteroscope, and the device used in the control group was an imported Olympus digital flexible ureteroscope. The qualified rate of clinical comprehensive evaluation (including image quality and operational performance), the rate of device failure, the stone-free rate and the occurrence rate of adverse events (including increase in urine red blood cell and white blood cell counts, postoperative hematuria, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, and fever) in the two groups were recorded.Results:A total of 186 eligible study cases were collected from the People's Hospital of Wuhan University, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, and the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University. 90 cases in the final experimental group and 88 cases in the control group completed the trial and were included in the evaluation. There were no statistically significant differences among age [(48.40±11.36) vs. (47.40±12.53)years old, P=0.594], male to female ratio (62/28 vs. 56/32, P =0.874), BMI [(24.8±2.1) kg/m 2 vs. (25.1±2.0)kg/m 2,P =0.331], hydronephrosis (no/slight vs. mild/severe) (62/28 vs. 65/23, P =0.874), stone location and stone size [(12.8±4.7) mm vs. (11.9±5.2) mm, P =0.227]. There were no significant differences in terms of qualified rate of clinical comprehensive evaluation [98.9% (89/90) vs. 100.0% (88/88), P =0.991], lithotripsy success rate [84.4% (76/90) vs. 84.1% (74/88), P =0.888], device failure/defect rate (both 0%), and the incidence of adverse events [50.0% (45/90) vs. 52.0% (51/88), P =0.894]. The highest incidence of adverse events in two groups was the increase of red blood cells and white blood cells of routine urine after operation. There was no serious adverse event in the experimental group and 1 serious adverse event in the control group. Conclusions:There was no significant difference in image quality, device failure/defect rate, lithotripsy success rate, and adverse event rate between single-use digital flexible ureteroscopes and reusable digital flexible ureteroscopes for lithotripsy of upper ureteral and pelvic stones. Domestic single-use digital flexible ureteroscopes have good safety and effectiveness in the treatment and microscopy of upper urinary tract stones.