Objective To investigate the epidemiological characteristics and risk factors of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Jincheng between 2015 and 2020. Methods Clinical data of 8,578 medical check-ups at Physical Examination Center of ou hospital from January 2015 to December 2020 were retrospectively selected. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in the last 5 years was recorded, and Logistic regression was utilized to identify the risk factors for the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. Results The overall prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Jincheng was 14.57% in 2015-2020. The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease was higher in men than in women (16.99% vs 10.98%) and highest in the 40-59 age group (18.76%). No statistical difference was reported in blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Scr) between groups (P>0.05), while statistical difference was found in diabetes, hypertension, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference, weekly exercise frequency, daily vegetable intake, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and uric acid (UA) between two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis denoted that BMI (OR=2.794, 95% CI: 1.745-4.550), waist circumference (OR=2.586, 95% CI: 1.585-4.299), diabetes (OR=0.644, 95% CI: 1.425-2.781), hypertension (OR=1.479, 95% CI: 1.121-2.290), weekly exercise ≥6h (OR=0.617, 95% CI: 0.519-0.709), daily vegetable intake ≥300g (OR=0.590, 95% CI: 0.467-0.652), TG (OR=1.481, 95% CI: 1.122-1.996), TC (OR=1.562, 95% CI:1.143-2.135), LDL-C (OR=1.440, 95% CI: 1.139-2.048), HDL-C (OR=0.656 , 95% CI: 0.587-0.783) , ALT (OR=1.591, 95% CI: 1.056-2.183), and UA (OR=1.412, 95% CI: 1.009-1.887) were risk factors for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (P<0.05) . Conclusion The prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Jincheng City from 2015 to 2020 is 14.57%, the prevalence of males is higher than that of females, and the prevalence rate is the highest in the 40-59 age group. Moreover , diabetes mellitus , hypertension , BMI , waist circumference , weekly exercise , daily vegetable intake , serum TG, TC, LDL-C, HDL-C, ALT, and UA are all associated with the risk of the disease.

Ensuring food security requires new green pesticides. Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) pesticides trigger RNA interference by exogenous dsRNA specifically targeting pests and diseases. They can inhibit the expression of key genes in pathogens or pests, thereby achieving effective control of specific pests and diseases. DsRNA pesticides are environmentally friendly, with strong specificity and efficient gene silencing ability, while they have problems such as high production costs. Using engineering strains to produce dsRNA is a feasible strategy, whereas currently there is no cost-effective engineering strain for producing dsRNA. This article reviews the research progress and production strategies of using microorganisms to produce dsRNA, hoping to provide reference for dsRNA production.
RNA, Double-Stranded/genetics* ; Genetic Engineering/methods* ; RNA Interference ; Pesticides ; Animals

Objective: To examine the dose-response association between cardiorespiratory fitness ( CRF ) and the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Methods: A joint search was performed in Chinese and English electronic databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure ( CNKI ) , Wanfang Data, VIP, CBM, PubMed, Embase and Web of Science, to retrieve publications reporting the correlation between CRF and the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases until May, 2021. The pooled risk was estimated using the random effects model, and the dose-response association was evaluated using restricted cubic splines. The source of heterogeneity was assessed by subgroup analysis, and the stability of the results was tested by the trim-and-fill method, while the publication bias was assessed using funnel plots. Results: Totally 37 280 literatures were identified, and 23 eligible studies were finally included in the analysis, which covered 2 605 622 subjects. There were 22 publications identified as high-quality. Meta-analysis revealed that the pooled risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases reduced by 42% in the highest CRF group relative to the lowest CRF group ( OR=0.58, 95%CI: 0.52-0.65 ), and a one metabolic equivalent ( MET ) increase in CRF caused a 10% reduction in the pooled risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases ( OR=0.90, 95%CI: 0.88-0.92 ). There was a negative linear correlation between CRF and the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases ( P=0.396 ). Subgroup analysis identified gender, sample size and study regions as possible sources of heterogeneity, and sensitivity analysis showed that the study results were stable. Conclusions There is a negative linear correlation between CRF and the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases, and an increase in CRF may reduce the risk of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.

Characterization of the polysaccharides and monosaccharides of Bupleurum chinense was undertaken to identify differences in the Bupleurum chinense's sugar profiles, so as to provide a basis for the identification of different varieties. High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to generate chromatograms of the total polysaccharides of Bupleurum using an Evaporation Light Detector (ELSD), and a monosaccharide chromatogram was generated using a UV-detector (UV) following polysaccharide derivatization. The data were analyzed using SIMCA software and SPSS software to distinguish different varieties of Bupleurum. The results show that the yield of polysaccharides from Bupleurum falcatum is the highest, while the yield of polysaccharides from Bupleurum chinense is the lowest. The polysaccharide spectrum shows that the molecular weights of the polysaccharides in different Bupleurum differ, and their percentages of the total peak area are also different. The four Bupleurum polysaccharides are composed of mannose, glucuronic acid, rhamnose, galacturonic acid, glucose, galactose, and arabinose, but differ in length. The ratio of glucose to arabinose in Bupleurum chinense, Bupleurum scorzonerifolium, Bupleurum falcatum and Bupleurum marginatum var. stenophyllum is: 3.0-4.0, 5.5-7.0, 12.0-17.0, 9.0-12.0. In this study, a sugar profile technique was developed to provide a new method for the identification of different varieties of Bupleurum.

Objective By analyzing the monitoring data and the outbreak of brucellosis in Qingyang City in 2014,to provide a epidemiological evidence for prevention and control of the disease.Methods According to the requirements of Gansu Province Human Brucellosis Surveillance Program and Qingyang City Human Brucellosis Surveillance Program,we implemented epidemiological investigation in the high-risk group of brucellosis in 40townships under the jurisdiction of 8 countries in Qingyang.Detailed information on subject's exposure with livestock,clinical symnptoms and incidence were asked and recorded.Venous blood samples of 3-5 ml of suspected cases were collected.Then the rose bengal plate agglutination test (RBPT) was used to test the separated serum,and the standard tube agglutination test (SAT) was used to test the serum sample of positively infected person in the laboratory.Our test methods and results were in accordance with the implementation of Criteria for the Diagnosis of Brucellosis(WS 269-2007).For identified outbreaks,appropriate actions were taken based on regulations in the Brucellosis Prevention Manual.Results In 2014,we inspected 9 498 people in the whole city,implemented epidemiological investigation and collected 1 673 blood samples.Three hundred and thirty-eight samples were positive for RBPT.The infection rate was 20.20％ (338/1 673).Also there were 260 SAT positive samples (1 ∶ 100 ++above).The positive rate was 15.54％ (260/1 673).Combined with clinical symptoms,260 cases were confirmed (241cases were newly made and 19 cases were primary).The prevalence rate was 2.74％ (260/9 498).There were 12cases in total in outbreak points (2 cases in Huachi,3 cases in Huanxian,5 cases in Heshui,1 case in Qingcheng,and 1 case in Zhenyuan).Our epidemiological survey included 1 270 people,and we collected 308 blood samples.Fifty-one presented positive results for RBPT.The positive rate was 16.51％ (51/308);50 presented positive results for SAT.The positive rate was 16.23％ (50/308).Fifty cases were confirmed cases in the outbreak,all of which were new cases of this year,and the incidence was 3.94％ (50/1 270).Conclusions Brucellosis epidemic in Qingyang City has begun to rebound obviously,at the same time the outbreak points increased significantly.Both of which should capture the authorities' attention.The local government is supposed to undertake the due obligations to strengthen prevention and make efforts to control the spread of brucellosis.

In order to explore tick proteins as potential targets for further developing vaccine against ticks, the total proteins of unfed female Dermacentor silvarum were screened with anti-D. silvarum serum produced from rabbits. The results of western blot showed that 3 antigenic proteins of about 100, 68, and 52 kDa were detected by polyclonal antibodies, which means that they probably have immunogenicity. Then, unfed female tick proteins were separated by 12% SDS-PAGE, and target proteins (100, 68, and 52 kDa) were cut and analyzed by LC-MS/MS, respectively. The comparative results of peptide sequences showed that they might be vitellogenin (Vg), heat shock protein 60 (Hsp60), and fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase (FBA), respectively. These data will lay the foundation for the further validation of antigenic proteins to prevent infestation and diseases transmitted by D. silvarum.
Animals ; Antigens/*chemistry/immunology ; Arthropod Proteins/*chemistry/immunology ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Female ; Ixodidae/*chemistry/immunology ; Molecular Weight ; Rabbits ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Objective To investigate the effect of acute exhausted exercise in high temperature environment on the expression of myocardial HSP70 and plasma ANP level of in rats. Methods Forty eight male Sprague-Dawley rats was randomly and equally assigned to the following six groups:control group(C),exercise group(E),one-hour heat exposure group (H), heat exposure and exercise group (HE), exercise and 24 hours after exercise group(E'),heat exposure and 24 hours after exercise(HE'). Each group consisted of 8 rats. Rats in E,HE,E' and HE' ran on a treadmill until exhaustion, while rats in H and H' were exposed in a high temperature environment (33℃ ,50%RH) for one hour. Rats in C,E,HE and H were killed immediately after exercise or heat exposure. Rats in HE' and E' were killed 24 hours after exercise. Samples from myocardium and serum were collected for determining HSP70,ANP and CK-MB. Results(1) HSP70 levels in groups E and E' are significantly higher than that in group C(P<0.05 and P<0.01,respectively),and the level in group HE' is significantly higher than that in groups H and E'(P<0.01 );The HSP70 level in group H is significantly higher than that in group C. (2) The ANP and CK-MB levels in group E are Significantly higher than that in group C.and in group HE is higher than in group H (P<0.05);The HSP70 levels in group E' and HE' significantly decrease comparing to that in groups E and HE (P<0.01). Conclusions(1)Both heat exposure and exercise can induce the increased expression of myocardial HSP70 in rats and the peak expression is seen 24 hours after exercise. The increased expression of HSP70 may have protective effects on the heat-induced myocardial injury. (2) The increased ANP levels in plasma immediately after exhausted exercise improves the blood circulation in myocardium and hints the potential possibility of myocardial damage. However,the high temperature environment does not strengthen the increase of plasma ANP level that caused by exhaustive exercise.

Objective To investigate the immunomodulatory effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their role in prolonging allograft survival in rat heart transplantation. Methods Inbred Wistar rats were used as donors, and Fisher 344 as recipients. MSC were isolated from femur and tibia bone marrow of donors and cultured in vitro. Mixed lymphocyte reaction assays were performed to assess the immunosuppressive effects of different concentrations of MSC on allogeneic T cell proliferation. Cardiac allograft model was established and according to different intervention measures recipients were divided into two groups (MSC treatment group and control group) (n=8 in each group). In MSC treatment group, recipients were infused with 2×106 MSC via the tail vein at designated intervals (one week before operation, during operation and consecutive three days postoperation), while in control group, the recipients were treated with Ringer's solution at the same interval& At day 5 posttransplantation real-time PCR was used to detect the changes in the expression of Thl and Th2 cytokine genes in transplanted hearts. Results In vitro allogeneic T cell response was greatly suppressed by MSC in a dose-dependent manner. Real-time PCR revealed that IL-1β,IFN-γ, IL-4 and IL-10 were expressed in MSC treatment group, while IL-4 and IL-10 were not expressed in control group but with significantly higher expression of IL-1β and IFN-γ. As compared with control group, survival of MSC-treated allografts was markedly prolonged as compared with control group (mean survivaldays: 12.4±5.3 vs 6.4±2.0, P＜0.05). Conclusion Intravenous adrninistmtion of MSC can prolong the survival of transplanted heart possibly by induction of allograft tolerance through changing Th1/Th2 balance.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) combined with regular therapy in the treatment of pneumonia with systemic inflammatory response syndrome(SIRS) in(children).Methods: Sixty-four children with pneumonia including 51 cases with SIRS complication were(randomly) divided into three groups: treatment group(regular therapy+TCM,n=26),control group Ⅰ((regular)(therapy) only,n=25) and the control groups Ⅱ(13 pneumonia children without SIRS(receiving)(routine) treatment). The dynamic changes of tumor necrosis factor-?(TNF-?),interleukin-6(IL-6) and IL-8 were measured before and after treatment in all children.Serum Creactive protein(CRP) and total white blood cell(WBC) count were measured simultaneously.Clinical symptom and sign scores were(performed)(5 days) after treatment in children with pneumonia and SIRS complication.Results: Before(treatment),serum TNF-?,IL-6,IL-8 and CRP concentrations were significantly higher in treatment group and(control) group Ⅰ than(control) group Ⅱ(all P