Collagen is a major structural protein in the matrix of animal cells and the most widely distributed and abundant functional protein in mammals. Collagen’s good biocompatibility, biodegradability and biological activity make it a very valuable biomaterial. According to the source of collagen, it can be broadly categorized into two types: one is animal collagen; the other is recombinant collagen. Animal collagen is mainly extracted and purified from animal connective tissues by chemical methods, such as acid, alkali and enzyme methods, etc. Recombinant collagen refers to collagen produced by gene splicing technology, where the amino acid sequence is first designed and improved according to one’s own needs, and the gene sequence of improved recombinant collagen is highly consistent with that of human beings, and then the designed gene sequence is cloned into the appropriate vector, and then transferred to the appropriate expression vector. The designed gene sequence is cloned into a suitable vector, and then transferred to a suitable expression system for full expression, and finally the target protein is obtained by extraction and purification technology. Recombinant collagen has excellent histocompatibility and water solubility, can be directly absorbed by the human body and participate in the construction of collagen, remodeling of the extracellular matrix, cell growth, wound healing and site filling, etc., which has demonstrated significant effects, and has become the focus of the development of modern biomedical materials. This paper firstly elaborates the structure, type, and tissue distribution of human collagen, as well as the associated genetic diseases of different types of collagen, then introduces the specific process of producing animal source collagen and recombinant collagen, explains the advantages of recombinant collagen production method, and then introduces the various systems of expressing recombinant collagen, as well as their advantages and disadvantages, and finally briefly introduces the application of animal collagen, focusing on the use of animal collagen in the development of biopharmaceutical materials. In terms of application, it focuses on the use of animal disease models exploring the application effects of recombinant collagen in wound hemostasis, wound repair, corneal therapy, female pelvic floor dysfunction (FPFD), vaginal atrophy (VA) and vaginal dryness, thin endometritis (TE), chronic endometritis (CE), bone tissue regeneration in vivo, cardiovascular diseases, breast cancer (BC) and anti-aging. The mechanism of action of recombinant collagen in the treatment of FPFD and CE was introduced, and the clinical application and curative effect of recombinant collagen in skin burn, skin wound, dermatitis, acne and menopausal urogenital syndrome (GSM) were summarized. From the exploratory studies and clinical applications, it is evident that recombinant collagen has demonstrated surprising effects in the treatment of all types of diseases, such as reducing inflammation, promoting cell proliferation, migration and adhesion, increasing collagen deposition, and remodeling the extracellular matrix. At the end of the review, the challenges faced by recombinant collagen are summarized: to develop new recombinant collagen types and dosage forms, to explore the mechanism of action of recombinant collagen, and to provide an outlook for the future development and application of recombinant collagen.

Background: and Purpose Limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute posterior circulation tandem lesion (PCTL). This study aimed to explore the role of extracranial vertebral artery (VA) stenting in patients with PCTL stroke undergoing EVT. Methods: Individual patient data were pooled from the BASILAR (EVT for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) and PERSIST (Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke) registries. Patients with PCTLs who underwent EVT were included in the present cohort and divided into the stenting and nonstenting groups based on the placement of extracranial VA stents. The primary efficacy outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days and 1 year. Safety outcomes included 24-hour symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and all-cause mortality at 90 days and 1 year post-surgery. Results: A combined dataset of 1,320 patients with posterior circulation artery occlusion, including 263 (19.9%) with tandem lesions, of whom 217 (median age, 65 years; 82.9% male) met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The stenting group had 84 (38.7%) patients, while the non-stenting group had 133 (61.3%). After adjustment for the potential confounders, extracranial VA stenting was associated with favorable shifts in mRS scores at both 90 days (adjusted common odds ratio [OR], 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–4.28; P<0.01) and 1 year (adjusted OR [aOR], 2.04; 95% CI [1.05–3.97]; P=0.04), along with lower rate of mortality at both 90 days (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI [0.21–0.93]; P=0.01) and 1 year (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI [0.16–0.79]; P=0.01), with no significant difference in sICH incidence (aOR, 0.35; 95% CI [0.06–1.98]; P=0.24). Conclusion Extracranial VA stenting during EVT may improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality in patients with PCTL strokes.

Background: and Purpose Limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute posterior circulation tandem lesion (PCTL). This study aimed to explore the role of extracranial vertebral artery (VA) stenting in patients with PCTL stroke undergoing EVT. Methods: Individual patient data were pooled from the BASILAR (EVT for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) and PERSIST (Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke) registries. Patients with PCTLs who underwent EVT were included in the present cohort and divided into the stenting and nonstenting groups based on the placement of extracranial VA stents. The primary efficacy outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days and 1 year. Safety outcomes included 24-hour symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and all-cause mortality at 90 days and 1 year post-surgery. Results: A combined dataset of 1,320 patients with posterior circulation artery occlusion, including 263 (19.9%) with tandem lesions, of whom 217 (median age, 65 years; 82.9% male) met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The stenting group had 84 (38.7%) patients, while the non-stenting group had 133 (61.3%). After adjustment for the potential confounders, extracranial VA stenting was associated with favorable shifts in mRS scores at both 90 days (adjusted common odds ratio [OR], 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–4.28; P<0.01) and 1 year (adjusted OR [aOR], 2.04; 95% CI [1.05–3.97]; P=0.04), along with lower rate of mortality at both 90 days (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI [0.21–0.93]; P=0.01) and 1 year (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI [0.16–0.79]; P=0.01), with no significant difference in sICH incidence (aOR, 0.35; 95% CI [0.06–1.98]; P=0.24). Conclusion Extracranial VA stenting during EVT may improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality in patients with PCTL strokes.

Background: and Purpose Limited evidence exists on the effectiveness of endovascular treatment (EVT) for acute posterior circulation tandem lesion (PCTL). This study aimed to explore the role of extracranial vertebral artery (VA) stenting in patients with PCTL stroke undergoing EVT. Methods: Individual patient data were pooled from the BASILAR (EVT for Acute Basilar Artery Occlusion Study) and PERSIST (Posterior Circulation Ischemic Stroke) registries. Patients with PCTLs who underwent EVT were included in the present cohort and divided into the stenting and nonstenting groups based on the placement of extracranial VA stents. The primary efficacy outcome was the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores at 90 days and 1 year. Safety outcomes included 24-hour symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and all-cause mortality at 90 days and 1 year post-surgery. Results: A combined dataset of 1,320 patients with posterior circulation artery occlusion, including 263 (19.9%) with tandem lesions, of whom 217 (median age, 65 years; 82.9% male) met the inclusion criteria for the analysis. The stenting group had 84 (38.7%) patients, while the non-stenting group had 133 (61.3%). After adjustment for the potential confounders, extracranial VA stenting was associated with favorable shifts in mRS scores at both 90 days (adjusted common odds ratio [OR], 2.30; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–4.28; P<0.01) and 1 year (adjusted OR [aOR], 2.04; 95% CI [1.05–3.97]; P=0.04), along with lower rate of mortality at both 90 days (aOR, 0.45; 95% CI [0.21–0.93]; P=0.01) and 1 year (aOR, 0.36; 95% CI [0.16–0.79]; P=0.01), with no significant difference in sICH incidence (aOR, 0.35; 95% CI [0.06–1.98]; P=0.24). Conclusion Extracranial VA stenting during EVT may improve functional outcomes and reduce mortality in patients with PCTL strokes.

Pharmacotranscriptomic profiles, which capture drug-induced changes in gene expression, offer vast potential for computational drug discovery and are widely used in modern medicine. However, current computational approaches neglected the associations within gene‒gene functional networks and unrevealed the systematic relationship between drug efficacy and the reversal effect. Here, we developed a new genome-scale functional module (GSFM) transformation framework to quantitatively evaluate drug efficacy for in silico drug discovery. GSFM employs four biologically interpretable quantifiers: GSFM_Up, GSFM_Down, GSFM_ssGSEA, and GSFM_TF to comprehensively evaluate the multi-dimension activities of each functional module (FM) at gene-level, pathway-level, and transcriptional regulatory network-level. Through a data transformation strategy, GSFM effectively converts noisy and potentially unreliable gene expression data into a more dependable FM active matrix, significantly outperforming other methods in terms of both robustness and accuracy. Besides, we found a positive correlation between RS_GSFM and drug efficacy, suggesting that RS_GSFM could serve as representative measure of drug efficacy. Furthermore, we identified WYE-354, perhexiline, and NTNCB as candidate therapeutic agents for the treatment of breast-invasive carcinoma, lung adenocarcinoma, and castration-resistant prostate cancer, respectively. The results from in vitro and in vivo experiments have validated that all identified compounds exhibit potent anti-tumor effects, providing proof-of-concept for our computational approach.

OBJECTIVE: To provide prenatal diagnosis, pedigree analysis and genetic counseling for a pregnant woman who had given birth to a child featuring global developmental delay. METHODS: A pregnant woman who underwent prenatal diagnosis at the Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University in August 2021 was selected as the study subject. Peripheral blood samples were collected from the woman, her husband and child, in addition with amniotic fluid sample during mid-pregnancy. Genetic variants were detected by G-banded karyotyping analysis and copy number variation sequencing (CNV-seq). Pathogenicity of the variant was predicted based on the guidelines from the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG). Candidate variant was traced in the pedigree to assess the recurrence risk. RESULTS: The karyotypes of the pregnant woman, her fetus, and affected child were 46,XX,ins(18)(p11.2q21q22), 46,X?,rec(18)dup(18)(q21q22)ins(18)(p11.2q21q22)mat and 46,XY,rec(18)del(18)(q21q22)ins(18)(p11.2q21q22)mat, respectively. Her husband was found to have a normal karyotype. CNV-seq has revealed a 19.73 Mb duplication at 18q21.2-q22.3 in the fetus and a 19.77 Mb deletion at 18q21.2-q22.3 in her child. The duplication and deletion fragments were identical to the insertional fragment in the pregnant woman. Based on the ACMG guidelines, the duplication and deletion fragments were both predicted to be pathogenic. CONCLUSION The intrachromosomal insertion of 18q21.2-q22.3 carried by the pregnant woman had probably given rise to the 18q21.2-q22.3 duplication and deletion in the two offspring. Above finding has provided a basis for genetic counseling for this pedigree.
Child ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; DNA Copy Number Variations ; East Asian People ; Pedigree ; Prenatal Diagnosis/methods* ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18/genetics* ; Male ; Fetus ; INDEL Mutation

Objective To explore the relation of sleep duration and control of HbA1Camong type 2 diabetes mellitus ( T2DM) under community management in Huai'an city. Methods There were 9 393 T2DM patients enrolled from Qinghe district and Huai'an district from Huai'an city using multi-stage cluster sampling method. The level of HbA1Cwas categorized as control group (＜7%) and uncontrolled group (≥7%), and sleeping duration was categorized as＜6 h, 6-8 h, and ＞8 h. Non-conditional logistic regression analysis was utilized to analyze the association between sleep duration and control of HbA1C. No confounders were adjusted in logistic regression model 1;and age, sex, and body mass index were adjusted in model 2 and furthermore, in model 3, smoking, drinking, education, duration of diabetes, familial history of diabetes, activity, and medication were adjusted plus variables in model 2. Stratified analyses were also used to explore the association above. Results Subjects with sleep duration＞8 h had a high risk of uncontrolled HbA1Cwhen compared with subjects for sleep duration of 6-8 h with OR＝1.188 ( P＝0.001) and the association were still existed with OR＝1.191 (P＝0.001) after Bonferroni adjusted and adjustment of age, sex, and body mass index. Whereas, with further adjustment of confounders in model 3, the association was vanished. Results of stratified analyses indicated that with Bonferroni adjustment, overweight patients with sleep duration of＜6 h had a lower risk of uncontrolled HbA1Cwith OR＝0.788 and 0.799, respectively, in model 1 and model 2 (both P＜0.05). Meanwhile, patients of female, or age≥60 years, or body mass index＜24 kg/m2, or disease duration≤3.58 years had high risk of uncontrolled HbA1Cwhen sleep duration＞8 h. Conclusion T2DM patients with sleep duration＞8 h were negative for HbA1Ccontrol, and this association was independent of age, sex, and body mass index, but was influenced by the duration of diabetes, activity, medication, familial history of diabetes, smoking, drinking, and education. Sleep duration in patients of female, age≥60 years, body mass index＜24 kg/m2, and short disease duration, should be appropriately adjusted.

Objective To study the impact of preoperative nutritional support on the clinical outcomes in patients with malnutrition who underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods 46 patients with malnutrition underwent TACE after operation for primary liver cancer were randomly divided into the experimental group (n =23) and the control group (n =23).The patients in the experimental group received preoperative nutritional support,but patients in the control group did not receive preoperative nutrition support.The preoperative and postoperative nutritional status,the incidences of postoperative complication,the liver function,the lengths of hospital stay,the costs of nutrition support and the costs of hospitalization were compared between the two groups.Results On the day before the operation,on postoperative day 1,day 7,and one month,the levels of serum albumin,and on the postoperative day 7 and one month,the levels of pre-albumin were significantly higher in the experimental group than in the control group,and the differences were significantly different [(38.4 ± 1.5) g/L vs.(32.8±0.8) g/L,(37.6±1.3) g/Lvs.(31.4±0.9) g/L,(39.0±1.6) g/L vs.(32.0±0.7) g/L,(39.8±2.2) g/L vs.(33.0±2.0) g/L,respectively,P＜0.05],[(160.0±14.6) mg/L vs.(131.0 ± 16.5) mg/L,(163.0 ± 17.7) mg/L vs.(135.0 ± 17.1) mg/L,respectively,P ＜0.05].The incidences of complication were significantly lower in the experimental group than that of the control group (52.2％ vs.91.3％,P ＜0.05).The length of hospital stay in the experimental group was shorter than that of the control group [(19.9 ± 2.0) d vs.(24.8 ± 2.7) d,P ＜ 0.05].The cost in the experimental group was significantly lower than that in the control group [(20 108.9 ± 1 142.4) yuan vs.(23 174.1 ± 1 128.5) yuan,P ＜ 0.05].The cost in nutrition support in the experimental group was similar to that of the control group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Preoperative nutritional support was helpful in reducing the incidence of postoperative complications,in shortening the length of hospital stay and in reducing medical costs.Nutritional support improved the nutritional status of the patients with primary hepatocellular carcinoma after surgery and TACE.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between menopausal status at different FPG levels and the risk of new onset of impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods: Female subjects were selected from the females who joined in the epidemiological survey between May and September in 2009 in six counties of Guanlin Village and Xushe Village in Yixing City in Jiangsu Province by cluster sampling method. Subjects with diabetes at baseline or pre-menopause with age above 65 years old or surgical menopause were excluded. Finally there were 2 084 eligible subjects included in this study. According to FPG at baseline, subjects were categorized into two groups as normal FPG group (FPG<5.6 mmol/L) and IFG group (5.6≤FPG≤6.9 mmol/L). Follow-up study was conducted from May in 2014 to January in 2016. Cox regression model was used to investigate the association between menopausal factors and IFG and T2DM among groups based on FPG. Results: The average age of subjects at baseline was 58.08 (51.74-65.82) years old, and the number of post-menopausal women was 1 631 (78.3%). The number of subjects in normal FPG group was 1 569 (75.3%), and in IFG group was 515 (24.7%). There were 104 subjects with new onset T2DM among which 34 subjects from normal FPG group and 70 subjects from IFG group. And there were 199 subjects with new onset IFG in normal FPG group. Among subjects with normal FPG, the incidence density of IFG in post-menopausal women (2 752/100 000 person-years) was statistically higher than that in premenopausal women (1 670/100 000 person-years) (P<0.001). After age and BMI adjusted, post-menopausal women had a higher risk of having IFG in normal FPG subjects with hazard ratio (HR) at 2.60 (P<0.001). Among subjects with normal FPG, the risk of new onset IFG decreased in post-menopausal women with menopause age increasing after age and BMI adjusted, with HR at 0.96 (P=0.046). No statistical association was found between menopausal factors and risk of T2DM either in the overall subjects or in the subgroups(P>0.05). Conclusion Menopause can increase the risk of IFG incidence in subjects with normal FPG. The incidence of IFG decreases with the menopause age increasing.

Objective To establish a simple ,rapid,highly specific and sensitive molecular detection of carbapenem-resistance acinetobacter baumannii(CRAB)OXA-23 genes,and this method is used to detect the multiple drug-resistant acinetobacter bau-mannii in our hospital,and the purpose is to know the antibiotic resistance of CRAB OXA-23 genes .Methods The loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP)was established for detection of the CRAB OXA-23 genes,and a set of specific primers were de-signed by special software,PrimerExplorer version 4.The LAMP assay was developed on using SYBR Green Ⅰ for fluorescent chromogenic reaction substances,improved through a series of optimization tests,and through macroscopic observation and electro-phoresis test comparison results.At the same time,the application of LAMP was used to test 41 multiple drug-resistant acineto-bacter baumanniis which were collected from December 2013 to March 2014 in our hospitalized patients.Results The ladder ban-ding was produced in CRAB OXA-23 genes strains by the LAMP detection through electrophoresis test,however,no ladder ban-ding was observed in the others .The color of the amplification product in genes strain CRAB OXA-23 changed from orange to green by adding 1 μL SYBR Green Ⅰ,however it was still orange in others.The sensitivity of the LAMP detection in pure cultrue was 5 cfu/μL of the CRAB OXA-23 genes cells.Application of LAMP was used to separate multiple drug-resistant acinetobacter baumanniis from hospitalized patients ,32 strains were tested in 41 strains,the positive rate was 78.04%.Conclusion Separation of the CRAB OXA-23 genes carry rate is higher in our hospital ,and they have very high resistance of commonly used antibacterial drugs.The LAMP method to test OXA-23 gene of CRAB was established in this research was simple ,fast,sensitive and specific. Therefore,it is especially suitable wider use at the grass-roots unit,and it is of great significance for selecting reasonable choice of antibiotics by clinical doctor.