Objective To enhance the gamma spectrometry analysis and detection capabilities of personnel in measuring radionuclides in bio-ash, and ensure the accuracy and precision of gamma spectrometer in our laboratory for the analysis of radionuclides in bio-ash. Methods The laboratory participated in the 2024 national interlaboratory comparison for radionuclide measurement in bio-ash. Radionuclides ²⁴¹Am, ¹³⁷Cs, and ⁴⁰K in four different bio-ash samples were measured. Based on the measurement methods specified in GB/T 16145—2022, sample measurement, result calculation, and uncertainty evaluation were performed using spectrometry analysis software and sourceless efficiency calibration software. The measurement results and performance evaluation of the laboratory in the comparison were analyzed, and factors affecting gamma-spectrometry measurement and result interpretation were discussed. Results The relative deviation (D) of the measurement results for radionuclides ²⁴¹Am and ¹³⁷Cs in the four bio-ash samples ranged from −10.2% to 2.0% and −1.7% to 0.3%, respectively. The P statistic ranged from 7.0% to 12.5% and 5.0% to 10.8%, respectively. These results met the criteria of |D| ≤ 20% (MARB), |D| ≤ 2.58P, and P ≤ 20% (MARB). The ζ-scores for the measurement of ⁴⁰K in the four bio-ash samples ranged from 0.8 to 1.3, satisfying the criterion of |ζ| < 2. All measurement results in this laboratory in the comparison were satisfactory. Conclusion The laboratory uses a high-purity germanium gamma spectrometer to measure radionuclides in bio-ash. The self-absorption correction method, analysis method, and uncertainty evaluation are appropriate, which can ensure the accuracy and precision of the measurement results. The measurement results are accurate and reliable.

Objective To investigate the status of population dynamics and distribution changes of Aedes aegypti in Guangdong Province.Methods Continuous monitoring was conducted from May 2018 to July 2024 in Wushi Town and Qishui Town,Leizhou City,Zhanjiang City,Guangdong Province.Additionally,a survey of the distribution of Ae.aegypti along the Leizhou Peninsula coast was carried out.Results The density of Ae.aegypti in Zhanjiang showed a gradual decline from 2018 to 2024.The last detection of adult Ae.aegypti in Wushi Town was in September 2021,and the last larva was found in October 2023.No Ae.aegypti was detected in Qishui Town during surveys from 2021 to 2024.A survey of 18 coastal villages in the Leizhou Peninsula revealed no detections of Ae.aegypti.Conclusions This study provides a basis for understanding the distribution and population density fluctuations of Ae.aegypti,assessing its invasion risk,and scientifically conducting relevant prevention and control efforts.

Objective To design a positive and negative pressure sequential irrigation suction device and explore its efficacy when applied to unblocking nasoenteric tubes.Methods The device consisted of a positive-pressure irrigation component,a negative-pressure suction component,a three-way adapter and a precise unblocker.The positive-pressure irrigation compo-nent was composed of a positive-pressure irrigation unit,a positive pressure regulator,a pressure sensor,a pressure bag and etc;the negative-pressure suction component was made up of a negative-pressure suction unit,a negative pressure regulator,a negative-pressure gauge,a negative-pressure bottle and etc.The pressure bag was hollow cylinder-shaped,and made of ordinary polyvinyl chloride for its inner layer and acrylonitrile-styrene-butadiene copolymer for its outer layer.Sixty patients with nasoenteric tube blockage were selected and randomly divided into a control group and an observation group,with 30 cases in each group.Irrigation suction was carried out with a 10 mL syringe for the control group and with the device for the observation group,and then unblocking was performed with lukewarm water between 38 and 40 degrees.The two groups were compared in terms of the unblocking efficacy,time required for unblocking and the days and cost of nutritional support.SPSS 22.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The observation group gained advantages over the control group in terms of the total effective rate(93.3％vs 73.4％),unblocking efficacy,time required for unblocking((7.63±4.97)min vs(10.73±4.57)min),days of nutritional support((10.07±3.07)d vs(13.03±4.05)d)and cost of nutritional support((3 180±260)yuan vs(4 550±660)yuan).Conclusion The device developed effectively enhances the efficacy for unblocking nasoenteric tubes,shortens the time required and decreases the days and cost of nutritional support,and thus is worthy promoting practi-cally.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(1):114-117]

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between physical activity and genetic risk and their combined effects on the risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included 318,085 biobank participants from the UK. Physical activity was assessed using the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. The participants were stratified into low-, intermediate-, and high-genetic-risk groups based on their polygenic risk scores. Multivariate Cox regression models and multiplicative interaction analyses were used. RESULTS: During a median follow-up period of 13 years, 9,209 participants were diagnosed with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. For low genetic risk, compared to low physical activity, the hazard ratios ( HRs) for moderate and high physical activity were 0.853 (95% confidence interval [ CI]: 0.748-0.972) and 0.831 (95% CI: 0.727-0.950), respectively. For intermediate genetic risk, the HRs were 0.829 (95% CI: 0.758-0.905) and 0.835 (95% CI: 0.764-0.914), respectively. For participants with high genetic risk, the HRs were 0.809 (95% CI: 0.746-0.877) and 0.818 (95% CI: 0.754-0.888), respectively. A significant interaction was observed between genetic risk and physical activity. CONCLUSION Moderate or high levels of physical activity were associated with a lower risk of developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease across all genetic risk groups, highlighting the need to tailor activity interventions for genetically susceptible individuals.
Humans ; Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/epidemiology* ; Exercise ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Aged ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Risk Factors ; United Kingdom/epidemiology* ; Incidence ; Adult

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective: To investigate the clinical efficacy and safety of pudendal nerve modulation (PNM) in the treatment of female pudendal neuralgia (PN)，so as to promote the clinical application of this technique. Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 20 female PN patients who failed conservative treatment at Gongli Hospital during Nov.2020 and Oct.2023.All patients underwent simultaneous PNM and sacral nerve modulation (SNM) with the assistance of 3D printing navigation.Dual-stage test electrodes for PNM and SNM were implanted，followed by alternate therapeutic trial for each modality.Secondary conversion rates and longitudinal outcomes，including visual analogue score (VAS)，patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)，and quality of life (QoL) scores were compared preoperatively，post-stage Ⅰ，and at 3，6，and 12 months post-stage Ⅱ. Results: All operations were successful.After the trial phase，the secondary conversion rate for PNM was significantly higher than that for SNM; 16 patients (16/20，80%) chose the second-phase PNM implantation surgery，3 (3/20，15%) chose second-phase SNM implantation，and 1 (1/20，5%) had electrodes removed due to ineffective results from both trials.Further assessment revealed that the improvements in VAS，PHQ-9，and QoL scores for PNM patients were significantly better than those for SNM patients after the first phase of surgery and at 3，6 and 12 months after the second-phase conversion (P<0.05).No complications such as electrode migration or infection were observed during the follow-up of 12-15 months. Conclusion: PNM provides more effective relief of pain symptoms and improvements in depressive states for female PN patients compared to SNM.With the assistance of 3D printing navigation，the operation is simple and safe，and offers stable therapeutic effects.It is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

Objective To investigatethe relationship between gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms and clinicopathological characteristics, p53 expression, and survival of Chinese patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma. Methods A total of 3882 patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, 970 matched patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, and 970 matched patients with gastric cardia adenocarcinoma were included to compare the incidence of GERD symptoms. Patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma were divided into two groups according to the presence and absence of GERD symptoms. The differences in clinicopathological characteristics and p53 expression between the two groups were compared by chi-square test, and the differences in survival between the two groups were compared by landmark analysis. Results The incidence of GERD symptoms increased successively in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, esophageal adenocarcinoma, and gastric cardia adenocarcinoma. In patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma, the proportions of male, less than 65 years old, lower thoracic tumors, tumors without squamous cell carcinoma, poorly differentiation, early tumors (stage 0-I), and p53-positive tumors in the group with GERD symptoms were higher than those in the group without GERD symptoms; moreover, the long-term survival (≥15 years) was better. Conclusion GERD symptom is an important clinical sign of esophageal adenocarcinoma. It is closely related to specific clinicopathological characteristics, p53 overexpression, and good long-term prognosis.

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

Objective:To analyze the therapeutic effect of a virtual reality (VR)-based accommodation training device on accommodative excess visual fatigue.Methods:A case-control study was conducted.A total of 20 normal subjects (20 eyes) and 20 patients with accommodative excess visual fatigue (20 eyes) were recruited at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University between January and December 2022.The study consisted of two phases.In the first phase, the effect of watching videos with VR glass on the subjects' subjective and objective visual function was evaluated.Normal subjects wore VR device to watch a 2D video for 30 minutes, and assessments were performed before and after viewing.These assessments included binocular accommodation/convergence function (accommodation response, accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio [AC/A]), tear film function (first tear film break-up time), subjective symptoms (visual fatigue score), and basic visual health parameters including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP).In the second phase, the improvement in subjective and objective visual fatigue metrics with the VR-based accommodation training device was investigated.Patients with visual fatigue were divided into a traditional training group using traditional flipper lenses and a VR training group using the VR accommodation training device, with 10 eyes in each group.The effects of the VR accommodation training device on indicators such as accommodative sensitivity, accommodation response, convergence function, visual fatigue score, acceptability score, system usability score, BCVA, and IOP were evaluated and compared between the two groups.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University (No.IIT2021007).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:In normal subjects, there was no statistically significant difference in first tear film break-up time, distance phoria, near phoria, AC/A, accommodative response, BCVA, or IOP before and after 30 minutes of continuous viewing of 2D video using VR glass ( t=1.155, 1.360, 4.479, 1.979, -1.249, -3.017, 2.211; all P>0.05).The visual fatigue score remained unchanged at (1.00±0.00) points before and after viewing.Among the subjects with visual fatigue, there were statistically significant differences in binocular accommodative sensitivity, dominant eye accommodative sensitivity, and BCVA before and after using the VR accommodation training device ( F=8.693, 4.078, 4.942; all P<0.05).Ocular accommodation sensitivity at 8 weeks after training was improved compared with 1 week after training, and BCVA at 4 weeks after training was improved compared with before training, and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05).In the VR training group, the average tear film break-up time, first tear film break-up time, and BCVA increased and the visual fatigue score decreased compared with before training, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).In the traditional training group, the accommodation sensitivity of the dominant eye increased after training compared with before training, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Watching 2D videos with VR glass for 30 minutes does not induce subjective or objective symptoms of visual fatigue.The VR-based accommodation training paradigm effectively improves accommodative sensitivity and alleviates subjective symptoms of visual fatigue in individuals with accommodative excess visual fatigue.