AIM To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.var.spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F.Chou and their in vitro anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The 70％ ethanol extract from the leaves of Z.jujuba var.spinosa was isolated and purified by various modern chromatographic methods,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.Their in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by RAW264.7 model.RESULTS Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as ampelopsisionoside (1),(3S,6S)-cis-linalool-3,7-oxide-β-D-glucopyranoside (2),alangionoside L (3),2-{(2S,5R)-5-[(1E)-4-hydroxy-4-methylhexa-1,5-dien-1-yl]-5-methyltetra-hydrofuran-2-yl} propan-2-yl β-D-glucopyranoside (4),(-)-nectandrin B-β-D-glucopyranoside (5),nikoenoside (6),kiwiionoside (7),dendranthemoside A (8),tormentic acid (9),2α,3β,19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28 oic acid (10),2α-hydroxybetulinic acid (11),2α-hydroxylursolic acid (12),ceanothanolic acid (13),and maslinic acid (14).Compounds 10,11,13 and 14 could inhibit the production of NO in RAW264.7 cells.CONCLUSION Compounds 1,2,4 are first isolated from Rhamnaceae family,and 3,5,6,8 are first isolated from this plant.Compounds 10,11,13 and 14 have significant anti-inflammatory activities.

AIM To study the chemical constituents from the leaves of Ziziphus jujuba Mill.var.spinosa (Bunge) Hu ex H.F.Chou and their in vitro anti-inflammatory activities.METHODS The 70％ ethanol extract from the leaves of Z.jujuba var.spinosa was isolated and purified by various modern chromatographic methods,then the structures of obtained compounds were identified by physicochemical properties and spectral data.Their in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated by RAW264.7 model.RESULTS Fourteen compounds were isolated and identified as ampelopsisionoside (1),(3S,6S)-cis-linalool-3,7-oxide-β-D-glucopyranoside (2),alangionoside L (3),2-{(2S,5R)-5-[(1E)-4-hydroxy-4-methylhexa-1,5-dien-1-yl]-5-methyltetra-hydrofuran-2-yl} propan-2-yl β-D-glucopyranoside (4),(-)-nectandrin B-β-D-glucopyranoside (5),nikoenoside (6),kiwiionoside (7),dendranthemoside A (8),tormentic acid (9),2α,3β,19α-trihydroxy-urs-12-en-28 oic acid (10),2α-hydroxybetulinic acid (11),2α-hydroxylursolic acid (12),ceanothanolic acid (13),and maslinic acid (14).Compounds 10,11,13 and 14 could inhibit the production of NO in RAW264.7 cells.CONCLUSION Compounds 1,2,4 are first isolated from Rhamnaceae family,and 3,5,6,8 are first isolated from this plant.Compounds 10,11,13 and 14 have significant anti-inflammatory activities.

Objective:To construct a teamwork model, Partnership Rehabilitation Therapy (PRT), for therapists in critical wards for patients with Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), and observe its effect. Methods:PRT had been developed, in which one therapist (main) implementing therapy and another (assistant) monitoring and supporting in the treatment. Eleven COVID-19 patients from infectious critical ward were treated with PRT. The behavior safety of therapists was recorded during the treatment, and the patients were assessed with Borg Index, Cough Score, Miller Sputum Grading and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) 2.0 before and after treatment. Results:No physiotherapist was infected by COVID-19. Seven times of infection risks were recorded and avoided, and six times of treatment risks were corrected instantly. All the patients improved in Borg Index (P < 0.01), Cough Score (P < 0.05), Miller Sputum Grading (P = 0.02) and WHODAS 2.0 (P < 0.01) after a 1-week physical therapy. Conclusion:Based on the Family International Classifications, a teamwork model is established, which provides a safe and practicable way for rehabilitation for COVID-19 patients in critical wards.

Objective:The purpose of this article was to observe the effect of modified Shengjiangsan on podocyte apoptosis in membranous nephropathy （MN） rats， to explore the molecular mechanism of its treatment of MN and to provide experimental basis for its clinical application. Method:The MN rat model was established by injection of cationic bovine serum albumin into the tail vein of rats. The successfully modeled rats were then randomly divided into model group （equal volume of normal saline）， modified Shengjiangsan group （27.3 g·kg^-1） and benazepril group （10 mg·kg^-1）， with corresponding drug dosage once a day for 4 weeks of continuous intervention. After drug administration， the 24-hour urine protein （UTP） was detected. Real time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and immunohistochemical （IHC） methods were used to detect Podocalyxin， Nephrin， Podocin， Synaptopodin mRNA and protein expression levels in rat kidney tissue. terninal-deoxynucleoitidyl transferase medsated nick and labeling （TUNEL） method was used to detect cell apoptosis rate in rat kidney tissue， and Western blot was used to detect Notch1， Hes1， B lymphoblastoma-2 （Bcl-2） associated X protein （Bax）， and Bcl-2 protein expression levels in rat kidney tissue. Result:Compared with the normal group， UTP in the model group increased significantly， renal tissue cell apoptosis increased significantly， podocyte marker proteins podocalyxin， Nephrin， Podocin， Synaptopodin mRNA and protein expression levels decreased significantly， and Notch1， Hes1， Bax protein expression increased significantly， and Bcl-2 protein expression was significantly reduced（P<0.05）. Compared with the model group， UTP levels in MN rats were significantly reduced in modified Shengjiangsan and benazepril groups， with reduced rate of renal cell apoptosis， increased mRNA and protein expression levels of podocalyxin， Nephrin， Podocin， and Synaptopodin in renal tissue， decreased Notch1， Hes1， Bax protein expression， and increased Bcl-2 protein expression（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Modified Shengjiangsan can inhibit the Notch signaling pathway， reduce the apoptosis of rat kidney tissue podocytes， and reduce the kidney injury of MN rats.

Objective:To observe the effect of modified Shengjiangsan on renal fibrosis in rats with membranous nephropathy （MN） and to explore the mechanism of its complications of renal fibrosis. Method:Rats were injected with cationized bovine serum albumin（C-BSA）in the tail vein to establish a rat model of membranous nephropathy. The normal group，model group，modified Shengjiangsan group （27.3 g·kg^-1）and benazepril group（10 mg·kg^-1）were established in this study. Each group was given corresponding dosage of the drug once a day for 4 weeks of continuous intervention. After the administration，we observed the pathological changes of rat kidneys by the technology of Masson staining， silverhexylamine iodate （PASM） staining， transmission electron microscopy （TEM）， immunofluorescence technology （IF） was used to detect immunoglobulin（Ig）G deposition in rat kidneys. The levels of interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， interleukin-6 （IL-6）， tumor necrosis factor-α （TNF-α） in rat serum were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay （ELISA） method. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） and immunohistochemistry （IHC） were used to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of monocyte chemotactic protein 1 （MCP-1）， intercellular adhesion molecule 1 （ICAM-1）， nuclear factor kappa B （NF-κB）， Toll-like receptor 4 （TLR4）， plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 （PAI-1）， transforming growth factor-β₁ （TGF-β₁）， α-smooth muscle actin （α-SMΑ） and type Ⅳ Collagen （Collagen Ⅳ） in rat kidney tissues. Result:Compared with normal group， the kidney tissue of the model group was obviously fibrotic， the serum levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α were significantly increased（P<0.05）， and the expressions of MCP-1， ICAM-1， NF-κB， TLR4， PAI-1， TGF-β₁， α-SMA and Collagen Ⅳ mRNA and protein in kidney tissue were significantly increased（P<0.05）. Compared with model group， modified Shengjiangsan and benazepril significantly improved renal fibrosis in rats， reduced the levels of IL-1β， IL-6， and TNF-α in the serum of MN rats（P<0.05）， down-regulated MCP-1， ICAM-1， NF-κB， TLR4， PAI-1， TGF-β₁， α-SMA and Collagen Ⅳ mRNA and protein expression in kidney tissue（P<0.05）. Conclusion:Modified Shengjiangsan can reduce the release and expression of inflammatory factors by down-regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway， inhibit renal fibrosis， and reduce renal damage in MN rats.

Objective:To explore the intervention effect of modified Shengjiangsan in rats with membranous nephropathy (MN) and its related mechanism. Method:Rats were injected with cationized bovine serum Albumin (C-BSA) in the tail vein to establish a rat model of membranous nephropathy. The normal group, model group, modified Shengjiangsan group (27.3 g·kg^-1) and benazepril group (10 mg·kg^-1) were established in this study. Each group was given corresponding dosage of the drug once a day for 4 weeks of continuous intervention. After the administration, the levels of 24-hour urine protein (UTP), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), total protein (TP), Albumin (Alb), creatinine (SCr), urea nitrogen (BUN) level was detected. we observed the pathological changes of rat kidneys by the technology of Masson staining, silver hexylamine iodate (PASM) staining and transmission electron microscopy. immunofluorescence technology was used to detect immunoglobulin （Ig）G deposition in rat kidneys. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of key proteins in phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/proline protein kinase B/rapamycin target protein (PI3K/Akt/mTOR) signaling pathway and autophagy marker proteins LC3 and Beclin1. Result:Compared with normal group, the UTP, serum TC and TG levels were significantly increased, TP and Alb levels were significantly reduced in model group(P<0.05). We detected the kidney pathological changes include of glomerulus enlargement, basement membrane thickening,vacuolar degeneration, pheotropin deposition, glomerular capillary loop IgG diffuse deposition, electron dense deposits of varying sizes and podocytes under the epithelium extensive integration of foot processes， the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR protein was significantly increased (P<0.05). The expression of autophagy marker proteins LC3 and Beclin1 protein decreased significantly(P<0.05). Compared with model group, the UTP, serum TC and TG levels were decreased in the benazepril group and modified Shengjiangsan group, and the TP and Alb levels were increased (P<0.05)， the histopathological changes of rat kidney were all reduced， the expression of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR protein was significantly reduced(P<0.05)， autophagy marker proteins LC3 and Beclin1 protein expression were significantly increased. Conclusion:Modified Shengjiangsan can reduce urinary protein, reduce kidney pathological damage and delay disease progression, which is related to its inhibition of PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and activation of renal autophagy.