Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics and incidence trend of mumps in Nantong City from 2016 to 2023, and to provide a basis for scientific prevention and control. Methods Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted on monthly mumps incidence data in Nantong City from 2016 to 2023, and a SARIMA model was constructed to predict the incidence trend. Results A total of 3 928 mumps cases were reported in Nantong City from 2016 to 2023, with an average annual incidence rate of 6.36/100 000. Cases predominantly occurred during April–July and September–December, showing seasonal peaks. The male-to-female ratio was 1.43:1. The cases were concentrated in individuals aged ≤15 years (85.57%), primarily students, children in childcare settings, and scattered children (88.31%). The optimal model constructed by the SPSS Expert Modeler was SARIMA(1,0,0)(0,1,1)₁₂, predicting an epidemic peak of mumps in Nantong City from September to November in the second half of 2024. Conclusion From 2016 to 2023, mumps incidence in Nantong City has shown an overall downward trend with a seasonal bimodal distribution. Males had higher incidence rates than females, and cases were predominantly students, kindergartens and scattered children, highlighting the need to strengthen mumps prevention in schools and childcare institutions. The SARIMA model is suitable for short to medium term prediction of mumps in Nantong City. A minor peak is predicted to occur in the second half of 2024 (September–November). It is necessary to strengthen the epidemic surveillance of mumps and vaccination of age-eligible children.

Objective: To explore the longitudinal relationship between bullying victimization and sleep quality among rural boarding junior high school students in Hebei Province, and to investigate the chain mediated role of loneliness and rumination, so as to provide evidence for promoting sleep health in the population. Methods: A baseline survey was conducted in May, 2023 (T1) by convenient sampling method, and two rounds of longitudinal surveys were conducted in November, 2023 (T2) and May, 2024 (T3) among students in two rural boarding junior high schools in Hebei Province, and a sample of 601 students who completed all the surveys was finally obtained. Students completed questionnaires, including the Delaware Bullying Victimization Scale Student (DBVS-S), the University of California at Los Angeles Loneliness Scale (UCLA), the Ruminative Responses Scale, and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Group differences were examined by using t-test or ANOVA, correlations between variables were analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficients, and a serial mediation structural equation model was constructed, with mediation effects tested via the Bootstrap method. Results: Female students scored higher on sleep quality than male students (7.47±2.70, 6.47 ±2.46, t =4.74, P <0.01). Pearson correlation analysis indicated that bullying victimization was positively correlated with loneliness, rumination, and sleep quality; loneliness was positively correlated with rumination and sleep quality; and rumination was positively correlated with sleep quality ( r =0.26, 0.33, 0.23; 0.39, 0.38; 0.54, all P <0.01). Mediation analysis showed that T2 loneliness had an independent mediating effect of 0.70 (95% CI =0.36-1.35) between T1 bullying victimization and T3 sleep quality, T2 rumination had an independent mediating effect of 1.34 (95% CI =0.71-2.45), and the serial mediation effect of T2 loneliness and T2 rumination was 0.64 (95% CI =0.37-1.13), accounting for 22.11% of the total effect (all P <0.01). Conclusions Bullying victimization adversely affects sleep quality among rural boarding junior high school students through a longitudinal chain mediating pathway involving loneliness and rumination. Psychological interventions should be strengthened for students who experience bullying to alleviate their loneliness and reduce rumination, thereby improving sleep quality.

Objective To gain insights into the biological characteristics of different populations of Culex tritaeniorhynchus within and around the Yellow Sea wetland from the perspective of the occurrence of resistance, we investigated the levels of resistance to deltamethrin and kdr gene mutation in the wetland and its peripheral areas. Methods Specimens were collected from Cx. tritaeniorhynchus populations at two monitoring sites in the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area, and also from two populations in Yancheng City and the Liuhe District of Nanjing, and the resistance of these mosquitoes to deltamethrin was determined using the CDC biotest bottle method. For each concentration of deltamethrin assessed, a random subset of exposed specimens was selected for amplification of the kdr gene fragment, followed by Sanger sequencing to identify and analyze resistance-associated mutations. Results The LC50 levels of deltamethrin among mosquitoes from the four populations in Luhe, Yancheng, the Rare Bird National Nature Reserve and the Tiaozi Ni Wetland Scenic Area were 2.048 5, 7.798 2, 3.473 3, and 17.695 5 mg/mL, respectively, with corresponding concentrations of deltamethrin ranging from 0.005 to 5.000,0.050 to 50.000,0.050 to 25.000 and 0.050 to 50.000 mg/mL, respectively. Furthermore, the ranges of the KT50 values were 11.76-107.43, 67.05-216.30,29.77-107.43 and 28.40-329.51 min; the 1-h knockdown rates were 34.58%-99.15%, 9.52%-43.80%, 55.09%-73.01%, and 10.09%-68.07%; and the 24-h mortality rates were 12.15%-67.52%,9.52%-79.56%,13.17%-82.21%, and 11.01%-78.99%, respectively. With respect to kdr gene mutation, we assayed a total of 63,70,59, and 57 mosquitoes for the four populations, for which we detected L1014F mutation frequencies of 14.29%, 35.00%, 20.34%, and 31.58%, respectively, with a majority of these mutations being heterozygous for resistance. In addition, five adult mosquitoes were identified has having synonymous mutations at site 1011[i. e. , AAT(asparagine)mutation to AAC(asparagine)]. Conclusions Our findings revealed the clear resistance of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus to deltamethrin in the Yancheng region of the Yellow Sea wetland, and the resistance phenotype and kdr frequency of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment were comparable to those of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus in the wetland environment, thereby indicating that the resistance of different populations of Cx. tritaeniorhynchus was homogeneous under the pressure of different insecticide selection within and around the wetland. However, the underlying mechanisms need to be further studied.

Cells and exosomes derived from them are extensively used as biological carrier systems. Cells demonstrate superior targeting specificity and prolonged circulation facilitated by their rich array of surface proteins, while exosomes, due to their small size, cross barriers and penetrate tumors efficiently. However, challenges remain, cells' large size restricts tissue penetration, and exosomes have limited targeting accuracy and short circulation times. To address these challenges, we developed a novel concept termed exosomal spheres. This approach involved incorporating platelet-derived exosomes shielded with phosphatidylserine (PS) and linked via pH-sensitive bonds for drug delivery applications. The study demonstrated that, compared with exosomes, the exosomal spheres improved blood circulation through the upregulation of CD47 expression and shielding of phosphatidylserine, thereby minimizing immune clearance. Moreover, the increased expression of P-selectin promoted adhesion to circulating tumor cells, thereby enhancing targeting efficiency. Upon reaching the tumor site, the hydrazone bonds of exosome spheres were protonated in the acidic tumor microenvironment, leading to disintegration into uniform-sized exosomes capable of deeper tumor penetration compared to platelets. These findings suggested that exosome spheres addressed the challenges and offered significant potential for efficient and precise drug delivery.

Local anesthetics (LAs), such as articaine (AT), exhibit limited efficacy in inflammatory environments, which constitutes a significant limitation in their clinical application within oral medicine. In our prior research, we developed AT-17, which demonstrated effective properties in chronic inflammatory conditions and appears to function as a novel oral LA that could address this challenge. In the present study, we further elucidated the beneficial effects of AT-17 in acute inflammation, particularly in oral acute inflammation, where mitochondrial-related apoptosis played a crucial role. Our findings indicated that AT-17 effectively inhibited lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nerve cell apoptosis by ameliorating mitochondrial dysfunction in vitro. This process involved the inhibition of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) production and the subsequent activation of the NRF2 pathway. Most notably, improvements in mitochondria-related apoptosis were key contributors to AT-17's inhibition of voltage-gated sodium channels. Additionally, AT-17 was shown to reduce mtROS production in nerve cells through the Na⁺/NCLX/ETC signaling axis. In conclusion, we have developed a novel local anesthetic that exhibits pronounced anesthetic functionality under inflammatory conditions by enhancing mitochondria-related apoptosis. This advancement holds considerable promise for future drug development and deepening our understanding of the underlying mechanisms of action.

Cemental tear is a rare and indetectable condition unless obvious clinical signs present with the involvement of surrounding periodontal and periapical tissues. Due to its clinical manifestations similar to common dental issues, such as vertical root fracture, primary endodontic diseases, and periodontal diseases, as well as the low awareness of cemental tear for clinicians, misdiagnosis often occurs. The critical principle for cemental tear treatment is to remove torn fragments, and overlooking fragments leads to futile therapy, which could deteriorate the conditions of the affected teeth. Therefore, accurate diagnosis and subsequent appropriate interventions are vital for managing cemental tear. Novel diagnostic tools, including cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), microscopes, and enamel matrix derivatives, have improved early detection and management, enhancing tooth retention. The implementation of standardized diagnostic criteria and treatment protocols, combined with improved clinical awareness among dental professionals, serves to mitigate risks of diagnostic errors and suboptimal therapeutic interventions. This expert consensus reviewed the epidemiology, pathogenesis, potential predisposing factors, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of cemental tear, aiming to provide a clinical guideline and facilitate clinicians to have a better understanding of cemental tear.
Humans ; Dental Cementum/injuries* ; Consensus ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Cone-Beam Computed Tomography ; Tooth Fractures/therapy*

Objective To explore the variable pressure matress and thermoplastic mold applied to cone beam CT-guided radiotherapy of abdominal and pelvic cancer in terms of translation error,rotation angle error and setup reproducibility of patients with different body mass indexes(BMIs),so as to provide references for the selection of body fixation mode.Methods Totally 70 patients with abdominal and pelvic tumors admitted to some hospital from April 2021 to March 2022 were retrospectively selected,and divided into a variable pressure mattress group and a thermoplastic mold group according to the fixation method,with 35 patients in each group.All the patients in the two groups underwent examinations with cone beam computed tomography(CBCT)at the first radiotherapy treatment and during the course of the treatment,and the image registration was carried out between validation images and planning images.The two groups were compared in terms of rotation angle error and thranlation error at the directoins of x axis(lateral directions),y axis(cranial-caudal)and z axis(ventral-dorsal).Taking the center point image of the initial positioning as the reference,the errors of the center points of the two groups at z and y axes(Δz and Δy)were compared.The setup reproducibility was set as Δz≤5 mm and Δy≤3 mm,and the setup reproducibility rates of the two groups were summarized.All the patients were categorized into non-overweight ones(BMI<25 kg/m2)and overweight ones(BMI≥25 kg/m2),and the setup reproducibility rates of the patients with different BMIs were counted.SPSS 26.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results The two groups had no significant differences in translation error at the directions of x and y axes(P>0.05).The variable pressure mattress group had the translation error at the direction of z axis statistically lower than that of the thermoplastic mold group(P<0.05).There were no significant differences between the two groups in rotation angle error(P=0.219 3).The two groups had significant differences in setup reproducibility(P=0.033 4).The non-overweight patients had the setup reproducibility rate being 40.00%in the variable pressure mattress group,and 77.14%in the thermoplastic mold group;the overweight patients had the setup reproducibility rate being 25.71%in the variable pressure mattress group and only 2.86%in the thermoplastic mold group,with the differences between the two groups being statistically significant(P=0.002 9).Conclusion The variable pressure mattress and thermoplastic mold both result in low setup errors when applied to fixation during the radiotherapy of abdominal and pelvic cancer,the thermoplastic mold fixation can be used for the patients with BMIs lower than 25 kg/m2 with decreased translation errors at the direction of z axis,and the variable pressure mattress fixation was suitable for the patients with BMIs not lower than 25 kg/m2.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(7):45-50]

Objective:To seek any correlation between hypoesthesia and sensory disturbance to motor function among stroke survivors.Methods:One hundred and two stroke survivors with hyperalgesia were treated with sinusoidal alternating current at 2000Hz, 250Hz or 5Hz to stimulate the fingers and toes on their healthy and hemiplegic sides. Current perception thresholds (CPTs) and pain tolerance thresholds (PTTs) were recorded. The correlation between the degree of sensory disturbance in the hemiplegic limb and muscle strength was explored.Results:①The degree of sensory impairment in those who had suffered a cerebral hemorrhage was significantly greater than among those with cerebral infarction, without significant difference in pain tolerance between different genders and affected sides. ②All of the patients with sensory impairment showed significantly higher CPT and PTT values at the different frequencies, with a positive correlation between them. ③The CPT values of the affected hand and foot at the different frequencies were negatively correlated with muscle strength on the affected side.Conclusions:Both CPT and PTT can usefully represent the degree of sensory disturbance after a stroke. The CPT values of patients with different types of stroke are significantly different, and the degree of sensory disturbance is correlated with the muscle strength of the affected side. Therefore, it is helpful for prognostic judgment and individualized rehabilitation treatment planning by quantifying the degree of sensory disturbance.

Objective:To analyze the incidence of surgical site infection (SSI) in patients undergoing colorectal cancer (CRC) surgery and to identify risk factors associated with SSI in an attempt to provide a reference for clinical prevention strategies.Methods:A retrospective cohort study was conducted. Clinical data were retrospectively collected from a total of 2,248 patients who underwent surgery for pathologically confirmed CRC between 2017 and 2022 at two centers: Huangshan Shoukang Hospital ( n=649) and Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital ( n=1 599). Inclusion criteria consisted of the following: (1) age >18 years; (2) pathologically confirmed CRC treated with curative resection, including extended resections (e.g. pelvic exenteration); (3) no surgical incisions other than abdominal or perineal; and (4) no use of prosthetic implants. The incidence of SSI was analyzed, and multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent its risk factors. Results:A total of 121 patients (5.4%) developed SSI. Among them, 68 cases (56.2%) were organ/space infections, 35 cases (28.9%) were deep incisional infections, and 18 cases (14.9%) were superficial incisional infections. The median postoperative hospital stay was significantly longer in patients with SSI compared to those without (21.0 days vs. 13.0 days, U=65,754, P<0.001). The median hospitalization cost was also significantly higher in the SSI group (56,550 yuan vs. 43,645 yuan, U=72,008, P<0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified body mass index (BMI) ≤ 20 kg/m 2 (OR=4.25, 95%CI: 3.38-5.34, P<0.001), diabetes mellitus (OR=3.44, 95%CI: 1.89-6.24, P<0.001), open surgery (OR=4.23, 95%CI: 2.37-7.56, P<0.001), and colostomy or ileostomy (OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.04-2.69, P=0.034) as independent risk factors for SSI. Conclusion:To prevent SSI following CRC surgery, attention should be given to optimizing body weight and glycemic control, promoting minimally invasive surgical approaches when feasible, and cautiously considering the necessity of colostomy or ileostomy.