Objective To survey and analysis of cephalometric indicators of Wa adults in China.Methods Cephalometric parameters were measured in 1996 cases(858 males and 1138 females)of Wa adults in China,including 927 cases(381 males and 546 females)of the Baraoke ethnic group,564 cases(241 males and 323 females)of the A Wa ethnic group,and 505 cases(236 males and 269 females)of the Wa ethnic group by using sliding caliper and spreading caliper.Seventeen direct cephalofacial parameters and one indirect parameter for each of the three dialect ethnic groups were derived separately and analyzed for age correlations,inter-sex u-tests,and multiple comparisons.Finally,the three dialect ethnic groups were subjected to cluster analysis and principal component analysis with 15 ethnic groups in China.Results Nose breadth,mouth breadth and physiognomic ear length were significantly and positively correlated with age for both sexes in the three Wa dialect ethnic groups,while head breadth and lip height were significantly and negatively correlated with age.Except for the interocular breadth,there were gender differences between males and females in the cephalometric parameters of the three Wa dialect ethnic groups.The cephalofacial features of the Baraoke,A Wa and Wa ethnic groups were different,as evidenced by the fact that males and females of the Baraoke and Wa dialect ethnic group had higher lip height,wider nasal breadth and wider mouth breadth,while males and females of the A Wa ethnic group had lower nasal height.Conclusion The cephalofacial features of the three Wa dialect ethnic groups are close to those of the Khmus and Mang,who have their origins in the ancient Baipu people and are also members of the Mon-Khmer language group of the Austroasiatic linguistic.

Patients with severe trauma require an extremely timely treatment and transfusion plays an irreplaceable role in the emergency treatment of such patients. An increasing number of evidence-based medicinal evidences and clinical practices suggest that patients with severe traumatic bleeding benefit from early transfusion of low-titer group O whole blood or hemostatic resuscitation with red blood cells, plasma and platelet of a balanced ratio. However, the current domestic mode of blood supply cannot fully meet the requirements of timely and effective blood transfusion for emergency treatment of patients with severe trauma in clinical practice. In order to solve the key problems in blood supply and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma, Branch of Clinical Transfusion Medicine of Chinese Medical Association, Group for Trauma Emergency Care and Multiple Injuries of Trauma Branch of Chinese Medical Association, Young Scholar Group of Disaster Medicine Branch of Chinese Medical Association organized domestic experts of blood transfusion medicine and trauma treatment to jointly formulate Chinese expert consensus on blood support mode and blood transfusion strategies for emergency treatment of severe trauma patients ( version 2024). Based on the evidence-based medical evidence and Delphi method of expert consultation and voting, 10 recommendations were put forward from two aspects of blood support mode and transfusion strategies, aiming to provide a reference for transfusion resuscitation in the emergency treatment of severe trauma and further improve the success rate of treatment of patients with severe trauma.

To identify the bitter compounds of real-world Xiaoer Ganmao Oral Liquid sugar-free intermediates, an integrated strategy has been developed by using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography with linear ion trap-Orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-LTQ-Orbitrap MSⁿ) method and BitterX database prediction. The chromatographic operating conditions were as follows, chromatographic column: Acquity UPLC BEH C₁₈ (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm), mobile phase: 0.1% formic acid-water solution (A)-acetonitrile (B) with gradient elution. The data were collected in positive and negative ion modes, respectively. The accurate molecular mass and structural information of the target compounds were obtained based on quasi-molecular ions and fragmentation ions provided by high-resolution mass spectrometry. The compounds were identified by combining retention time, reference substances, reports, and other relevant data, and a total of 57 constituents including flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenylpropanoids were finally identified. Further, the BitterX database was used to predict binding probability of compounds to bitter receptors and identify potential bitter critical quality attributes, finally 33 potential bitter compounds, including kukoamine A and linarin, were predicted. This study comprehensively characterized the material basis of Xiaoer Ganmao Oral Liquid sugar-free intermediates, it provides an effective method for bitter compound screening and a reference for further improving the undesirable taste of Xiaoer Ganmao Oral Liquid.

OBJECTIVE: This study was aimed at investigating the carrier rate of, and molecular variation in, α- and β-globin gene mutations in Hunan Province. METHODS: We recruited 25,946 individuals attending premarital screening from 42 districts and counties in all 14 cities of Hunan Province. Hematological screening was performed, and molecular parameters were assessed. RESULTS: The overall carrier rate of thalassemia was 7.1%, including 4.83% for α-thalassemia, 2.15% for β-thalassemia, and 0.12% for both α- and β-thalassemia. The highest carrier rate of thalassemia was in Yongzhou (14.57%). The most abundant genotype of α-thalassemia and β-thalassemia was -α ^3.7/αα (50.23%) and β ^IVS-II-654/β ^N (28.23%), respectively. Four α-globin mutations [CD108 (ACC>AAC), CAP +29 (G>C), Hb Agrinio and Hb Cervantes] and six β-globin mutations [CAP +8 (C>T), IVS-II-848 (C>T), -56 (G>C), beta nt-77 (G>C), codon 20/21 (-TGGA) and Hb Knossos] had not previously been identified in China. Furthermore, this study provides the first report of the carrier rates of abnormal hemoglobin variants and α-globin triplication in Hunan Province, which were 0.49% and 1.99%, respectively. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates the high complexity and diversity of thalassemia gene mutations in the Hunan population. The results should facilitate genetic counselling and the prevention of severe thalassemia in this region.
Humans ; beta-Thalassemia/genetics* ; alpha-Thalassemia/genetics* ; Hemoglobinopathies/genetics* ; China/epidemiology* ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing

Genes, p53 ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; Li-Fraumeni Syndrome/genetics* ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics*

Objective:To measure the predictive value of miR-424 on the risk of sepsis complicated with acute respiratory distress syndrome(ARDS), and to explore its correlation with the prognosis of ARDS children.Methods:A prospective study was conducted.The data of children with sepsis (some complicated with ARDS), who were treated in Henan Provincial People′s Hospital (People′s Hospital, Zhengzhou University) were collected from February 2020 to February 2021.The incidence of ARDS and the fatality rate of ARDS children were recorded.Children were divided into survival group and death group according to whether death or not.The expression of miR-424 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was detected by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). Pearson correlation analysis was made to investigate the relationship between the expression level of miR-424 and Pediatric Critical Illness Score(PCIS), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment(SOFA) score, oxygenation index(P/F ratio), C-reactive protein(CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and interleukin 8 (IL-8). The factors affecting the prognosis of ARDS children were analyzed by multivariate Logistic regression.Receiver operating characteristic curve(ROC)was used to assess the accuracy of miR-424 in early diagnosis of sepsis complicated with ARDS, and to measure the predicative value of miR-424 on the risk of death in sepsis patients with ARDS. Results:A total of 121 sepsis patients were included in this study, and 36 cases of them were complicated with ARDS.The expression level of miR-424(0.56±0.17)in the blood of sepsis patients complicated with ARDS was significantly lower than that of sepsis patients without ARDS (0.98±0.26)( t=8.776, P<0.001). The expression of miR-424 was negatively co-rrelated with IL-6( r=-0.627, P<0.01), IL-8 ( r=-0.651, P<0.01) and CRP( r=-0.472, P<0.05)in sepsis patients with ARDS.The expression of miR-424 was positively correlated with PCIS score( r=0.330, P<0.05), P/F ratio ( r=0.592, P<0.001) and albumin ( r=0.496, P<0.05) in sepsis patients with ARDS.The ROC showed that miR-424 [area under curve(AUC)=0.908, 95% CI: 0.856-0.960] could differentiate sepsis patients with ARDS from those without ARDS.Compared with that of the survival group(0.63±0.15), miR-424 of the death group decreased significantly(0.42±0.14)( t=3.890, P<0.05). The decreased miR-424 (AUC=0.845, 95% CI: 0.696-0.995)indicated an increased risk of death in children with ARDS.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that miR-424( OR=0.001, P=0.033)and albumin ( OR=0.553, P=0.040) were independent risk factors for death in ARDS children. Conclusions:miR-424 can help with early diagnosis of sepsis complicated with ARDS, and can be used as a predictor of the prognosis of sepsis children complicated with ARDS.

Objective:To investigate the distributions of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotypes among newly reported HIV/HCV co-infected Burmese patients in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province from 2016 to 2019.Methods:A total of 1 289 newly reported HIV/HCV co-infected Burmese patients in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture were collected through the National Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Comprehensive Prevention and Control Data Information System From January 2016 to December 2019. Among them, 996 subjects with a plasma volume of ≥200 μL were selected to perform HIV and HCV genotyping. The HIV pol gene, the HCV core protein-binding envelope protein ( CE1) gene and non-structural protein 5B ( NS5 B) gene were amplified using the nested polymerase chain reaction.The phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA 7.0 software to classify the genotypes. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Trend chi-square test was used to analyze the trend of HIV and HCV genotypes. Results:Among the 996 cases with HIV/HCV co-infection, HIV and HCV sequences from a total of 554 subjects (55.6%, 554/996) were successfully obtained, and the genotypes of HIV and HCV were diverse. HIV genotype C (40.3%, 223/554) and BC recombinant (33.6%, 186/554) were the most prevalent, followed by genotype B (6.5%, 36/554) and circulating recombinant form (CRF)01_AE (3.6%, 20/554). HCV genotype 3b was the most prevalent (31.2%, 173/554), followed by genotype 6u (19.5%, 108/554), 1a (17.5%, 97/554), 6n (11.4%, 63/554), 3a (8.7%, 48/554) and 6xg (6.3%, 35/554). The prevalence of HIV genotype C showed a downward trend ( χtrend2=7.23, P<0.001), while the prevalence of BC recombinant showed an upward trend ( χtrend2=5.97, P<0.001), and the proportion of BC recombinant was higher than genotype C in 2019 (54.9%(101/184) vs 21.7%(40/184)). However, there were no statistically significant differences in the proportions of genotype 3b, 6u and 1a from 2016 to 2019 ( χtrend2=1.43, 1.79 and 0.39, respectively, P=0.152, 0.074 and 0.695, respectively). The HIV genotype distribution among patients with different ethnic groups were significantly different ( χ2=22.06, P=0.037). Conclusions:The diversity of HIV and HCV genotypes is high and complex among HIV/HCV co-infected Burmese patients in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture. BC recombinant shows a trend of becoming the predominant HIV genotype among these co-infected patients. Therefore, surveillance of the prevalence of HCV and HIV genotypes in Burmese population needs to be further strengthened.

Aortic Valve/surgery* ; Aortic Valve Stenosis/surgery* ; China/epidemiology* ; Heart Valve Prosthesis Implantation ; Humans ; Severity of Illness Index ; Treatment Outcome

Objective:The result of virological and immunological testing in newly diagnosed HIV cases identified in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province from 2015 to 2017 was analyzed retrospectively to examine the feasibility of using routine HIV testing result in recent infection testing algorism (RITA).Methods:HIV recently tested result and routine HIV testing result were collected from 1 152 newly diagnosed HIV cases between 2015 and 2017 in Dehong prefecture of Yunnan province, the limiting antigen avidity enzyme immunoassay (LAg-EIA) was used to determine the recent infection and long-term infection. And the distribution of CD4 + T cell count, viral load, the S/CO value of antibody enzyme-linked immunological reaction (ELISA) and p31 bands appeared in Western blotting assay (WB) were analyzed in the recently infected HIV cases and long-term infected cases. Further, different RITAs integrating routine HIV testing result were compared in their capacity to determine the recently infected cases. Results:Among 1 152 newly diagnosed HIV cases, 205 recently infected cases and 947 long-term infected cases were determined by LAg-EIA. The proportion of CD4 + T cell count<200/μl, the proportion of ELISA sample/cutoff ratio (S/CO) value > 20, and the proportion of appearing p31 band in WB in recently infected HIV cases were significantly lower than those in long-term infected HIV cases. The RITAs that integrating LAg-EIA with the reclassification criteria of CD4 + T cell count <200 cells/μl or viral load value <1 000 copies (CPs)/ml reclassified 30 cases and 31 cases as long-term infection, respectively. The RITA that integrating LAg-EIA with both the reclassification criteria of CD4 + T cell count <200 cells/μl and viral load value <1 000 CPs/ml reclassified 60 cases as long-term infection. Conclusions:Routine HIV testing result can be integrated in RITA, and RITA can improve the accuracy of identifying recent HIV infection.

Objective:To prepare 68Ga-fibroblast activation protein inhibitor (FAPI)-04, and evaluate its biodistribution and imaging characteristics in animals and healthy volunteers, in order to investigate the clinical translation potential. Methods:68Ga-FAPI-04 was synthesized by a manual method and its radiolabeling yield, radiochemical purity, and stability ( in vivo and in vitro) were analyzed. ICR mice ( n=16) were scarified at 5, 30, 60 and 120 min postinjection of 68Ga-FAPI-04 (1.11 MBq) to measure radioactive counts in main organs. The dynamic mircoPET imaging was acquired for 60 min on 3 ICR mice, and tumor imaging capabilities were examined with nude mice bearing HepG2 tumors. Furthermore, 2 healthy volunteers (1 male with age of 64 years, 1 female with age of 56 years) were recruited for the investigation of probe biodistribution in humans. A serial whole-body dynamic PET/CT scan was performed immediately following injection. Results:68Ga-FAPI-04 was synthesized within 20 min with the radiochemical yield of (68.7±4.0)% (decay corrected). The radiochemical purities of 68Ga-FAPI-04 were over 99% and the products were stable for 180 min in vitro and for 90 min in blood. 68Ga-FAPI-04 was mainly cleared through urinary tracts, while other organs only showed mild tracer accumulation. MicroPET imaging showed high uptake of 68Ga-FAPI-04 in the tumor tissue of mice, and the ratio of tumor/liver was 2.14±0.01 (35 min). The PET/CT imaging results of healthy volunteers revealed 68Ga-FAPI-04 could be quickly cleared. Conclusion:68Ga-FAPI-04 has many advantages for PET imaging, such as easy labeling, good stability, quick clearance and low background signals in the liver, which can be used as an attractive PET tracer for detection hepatocellular carcinoma.