OBJECTIVES: To study the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in hospitalized children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Hebei Province. METHODS: Hospitalized children with CAP who tested positive for RSV and were admitted to Hebei Children's Hospital from various cities and counties across Hebei Province between January 2019 and December 2023 were included in the study. Clinical data were collected and analyzed to assess epidemiological characteristics. RESULTS: The clinical data of 43 978 children with CAP were collected, with an overall RSV detection rate of 25.98%. The detection rate was higher during the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) (30.60%) than in the non-NPIs period. Winter and spring were the primary epidemic seasons for RSV each year except in 2022. The detection rate in males (26.62%) was higher than in females (25.06%) (P<0.001). The highest detection rate (59.18%) was found in infants aged 29 days to <1 year. Single RSV infection was more common, with rhinovirus being the most frequent co-infection. CONCLUSIONS The overall RSV detection rate in Hebei Province is influenced by NPIs, being higher during their implementation. RSV predominantly circulates in winter and spring. The detection rate of RSV is higher in males and infants. RSV infection is primarily single, most often co-occurring with rhinovirus.
Humans ; Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infections/epidemiology* ; Female ; Male ; Infant ; Child, Preschool ; Seasons ; China/epidemiology* ; Infant, Newborn ; Community-Acquired Infections/epidemiology* ; Child

ObjectiveTo investigate the influencing factors for the clinical outcome of patients with drug-induced liver injury （DILI）， and to establish a nomogram prediction model for validation. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the general information and laboratory data of 188 patients with DILI who were admitted to Heilongjiang Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Institute of Technology from January 2017 to December 2022， and according to their clinical outcome， they were divided into good outcome group with 146 patients and poor outcome group with 42 patients. The independent-samples t test was used for comparison of normally distributed continuous data between two groups， and the Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of non-normally distributed continuous data between two groups； the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Univariate and multivariate Logistic regression analyses were used to investigate the independent influencing factors for the clinical outcome of DILI patients. R Studio 4.1.2 software was used to establish a nomogram model， and calibration curve， receiver operating characteristic （ROC） curve， and decision curve analysis （DCA） were used to perform internal validation. ResultsThe univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that liver biopsy for the diagnosis of DILI， platelet count， cholinesterase， albumin， prothrombin time activity， IgM， and IgG were associated with adverse outcomes in patients with DILI. The multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that liver biopsy for the diagnosis of DILI （odds ratio ［OR］=0.072， 95% confidence interval ［CI］： 0.022‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.213， P<0.001）， clinical classification （OR=0.463， 95%CI： 0.213‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.926， P=0.039）， alanine aminotransferase （OR=0.999， 95%CI： 0.998‍ ‍—‍ ‍1.000， P=0.025）， prothrombin time activity （OR=0.973， 95%CI： 0.952‍ ‍—‍ ‍0.993， P=0.011）， and IgM （OR=1.456， 95%CI： 1.082‍ ‍—‍ ‍2.021， P=0.015） were independent influencing factors for clinical outcome in patients with DILI. The nomogram prediction model was established， and after validation， the calibration curve was close to the reference curve. The area under the ROC curve was 0.829， and the DCA curve showed that the model had good net clinical benefit. ConclusionThe nomogram prediction model established in this study has good clinical calibration， discriminative ability， and application value in evaluating the clinical outcome of patients with DILI.

OBJECTIVES: Reversible posterior leukoencephalopathy syndrome (RPLS) is a rare clinical imaging syndrome. The causes of RPLS are complex and diverse, the pathogenesis is not yet clear. The onset is urgent and the onset age span is large, ranging from children to the elderly. The clinical symptoms of RPLS have no significant specificity, which can be manifested as headache, blurred vision, disturbance of consciousness or seizures. Clinicians have little knowledge on the disease, which may lead to misdiagnosis or missed diagnosis. This study aims to analyze and summarize the MRI changes and clinical characteristics regarding RPLS patients, so as to provide basis for rapid diagnosis and timely intervention for this disease. METHODS: The clinical data and complete imaging data of 77 patients with RPLS diagnosed in Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from January 2012 to March 2021 were retrospectively collected. The main image data include T1 weighted imaging (T1WI), T2 weighted imaging (T2WI), T2 liquid attenuation inversion recovery (T2-FLAIR), diffusion weighted imaging (DWI) (b value=1 000×10-6 mm2/s), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). The case group included 63 patients who underwent DWI examination, and 71 normal controls matched in age and sex. The characteristics of patients' magnetic resonance signals and the ADC value of 19 regions of interest (ROI) were analyzed. The differences in bilateral ADC value in the case group, the difference of ADC value between the case group and the normal control group, and the difference of ADC value in the case group before and after treatment were compared. RESULTS: Compared with the normal control group, the ADC value of the right frontal lobe, bilateral parietal lobe, bilateral thalamus, bilateral head of caudate nucleus, left lenticular nucleus, right internal capsule, bilateral temporal lobe and pons in the case group were significantly higher (all P<0.01). There was no significant difference in ADC value of bilateral sides of the case group and before and after treatment in the case group (all P>0.01). The lesions of RPLS were widely distributed and multiple, usually high signal in the posterior parieto temporo occipital lobe or pons of the brain, and involved the cortex and subcortical white matter. Most of them were bilateral, but not completely symmetrical. CONCLUSIONS The imaging manifestations of RPLS and the occurrence and development of clinical symptoms are basically synchronous. The imaging manifestations are specific. Magnetic resonance imaging can show the range of involvement of RPLS. ADC value can provide information on the severity of the disease and predict the prognosis. There are few reversible diseases. It is very important to fully understand and timely diagnose the disease.
Child ; Humans ; Aged ; Posterior Leukoencephalopathy Syndrome/etiology* ; Retrospective Studies ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/methods* ; Brain/pathology* ; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging

ObjectiveTo study on the suitable cryopreservation conditions of Carthamus tinctorius seeds. MethodThe germination rate，relative conductivity，soluble sugar，soluble protein， and related enzyme activities of C. tinctorius seeds， as well as the hydroxysafflor yellow A （HSYA） content in Carthami Flos after storage and breeding for four months were detected under different temperature conditions （long-term storage，medium-term storage，short-term storage，room temperature，and ultra-low temperature refrigerator），different water content （8.1%，6.6%，5.2%，and 3.9%），and different storage time （2，4，6，8， 10 months）. SPSS 20.0 was used for statistical analysis. ResultDuring the storage for 10 months，the changing trend of the germination rate of C. tinctorius seeds revealed that it was more suitable to store seeds with low water content at a lower temperature. The differences in germination rate of seeds caused by storage temperature，seeds water content， and storage time were statistically significant. After storage for 10 months，the germination rate was significantly correlated with other detection indexes. ConclusionThe proper water content of C. tinctorius seeds in long-term and medium-term storage is 5.2% or 6.6%，and that in short-term and ultra-low temperature refrigerator is 3.9% or 5.2%. As revealed by the comparison results， the optimal storage conditions for C. tinctorius seeds were long-term storage and water content of 5.2%， which resulted in the highest germination rate and content of soluble sugar and soluble protein and the lowest relative conductivity after storage for 10 months. Additionally， the content of hydroxy safflor yellow A （HSYA） in Carthami Flos obtained after breeding and regeneration for four months was higher than that obtained after room temperature storage.

Dementia is a series of diseases with severe cognitive decline caused by brain diseases, that closely related to kidney deficiency in traditional Chinese medicine, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), dementia caused by cerebral stroke, vascular dementia (VAD) and so on. Dipsaci Radix is the dried root of Dipsacus asper Wall. ex Henry and its curative effects mainly focus on nourishing the liver and kidney, strengthening muscles and bones, as well as dredging blood vessels. The main chemical components of Dipsaci Radix are triterpenoid saponins and iridoid glycosides. In recent years, studies have found that Dipsaci Radix and its active compounds could ameliorate dementia symptoms via multiple targets and molecular mechanisms. In this review, we summarize the recent research progress of Dipsaci Radix in dementia prevention, which will provide reference for further exploration of its mechanism and application in the prevention and treatment of dementia.

BACKGROUND: Delivery room resuscitation assists preterm infants, especially extremely preterm infants (EPI) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI), in breathing support, while it potentially exerts a negative impact on the lungs and outcomes of preterm infants. This study aimed to assess delivery room resuscitation and discharge outcomes of EPI and ELBWI in China. METHODS: The clinical data of EPI (gestational age [GA] <28 weeks) and ELBWI (birth weight [BW] <1000 g), admitted within 72 h of birth in 33 neonatal intensive care units from five provinces and cities in North China between 2017 and 2018, were analyzed. The primary outcomes were delivery room resuscitation and risk factors for delivery room intubation (DRI). The secondary outcomes were survival rates, incidence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and risk factors for BPD. RESULTS: A cohort of 952 preterm infants were enrolled. The incidence of DRI, chest compressions, and administration of epinephrine was 55.9% (532/952), 12.5% (119/952), and 7.0% (67/952), respectively. Multivariate analysis revealed that the risk factors for DRI were GA <28 weeks (odds ratio [OR], 3.147; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.082-4.755), BW <1000 g (OR, 2.240; 95% CI, 1.606-3.125), and antepartum infection (OR, 1.429; 95% CI, 1.044-1.956). The survival rate was 65.9% (627/952) and was dependent on GA. The rate of BPD was 29.3% (181/627). Multivariate analysis showed that the risk factors for BPD were male (OR, 1.603; 95% CI, 1.061-2.424), DRI (OR, 2.094; 95% CI, 1.328-3.303), respiratory distress syndrome exposed to ≥2 doses of pulmonary surfactants (PS; OR, 2.700; 95% CI, 1.679-4.343), and mechanical ventilation ≥7 days (OR, 4.358; 95% CI, 2.777-6.837). However, a larger BW (OR, 0.998; 95% CI, 0.996-0.999), antenatal steroid (OR, 0.577; 95% CI, 0.379-0.880), and PS use in the delivery room (OR, 0.273; 95% CI, 0.160-0.467) were preventive factors for BPD (all P < 0.05). CONCLUSION Improving delivery room resuscitation and management of respiratory complications are imperative during early management of the health of EPI and ELBWI.
Birth Weight ; Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia ; China/epidemiology* ; Delivery Rooms ; Female ; Gestational Age ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Extremely Low Birth Weight ; Infant, Extremely Premature ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Pregnancy

On January 22, 2020, China National Center for Bioinformation (CNCB) released the 2019 Novel Coronavirus Resource (2019nCoVR), an open-access information resource for the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). 2019nCoVR features a comprehensive integra-tion of sequence and clinical information for all publicly available SARS-CoV-2 isolates, which are manually curated with value-added annotations and quality evaluated by an automated in-house pipeline. Of particular note, 2019nCoVR offers systematic analyses to generate a dynamic landscape of SARS-CoV-2 genomic variations at a global scale. It provides all identified variants and their detailed statistics for each virus isolate, and congregates the quality score, functional annotation,and population frequency for each variant. Spatiotemporal change for each variant can be visualized and historical viral haplotype network maps for the course of the outbreak are also generated based on all complete and high-quality genomes available. Moreover, 2019nCoVR provides a full collection of SARS-CoV-2 relevant literature on the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), including published papers from PubMed as well as preprints from services such as bioRxiv and medRxiv through Europe PMC. Furthermore, by linking with relevant databases in CNCB, 2019nCoVR offers data submission services for raw sequence reads and assembled genomes, and data sharing with NCBI. Collectively, SARS-CoV-2 is updated daily to collect the latest information on genome sequences, variants, hap-lotypes, and literature for a timely reflection, making 2019nCoVR a valuable resource for the global research community. 2019nCoVR is accessible at https://bigd.big.ac.cn/ncov/.

Objective To investigate the taste alteration caused by radiotherapy and its relationship with nutritional status in head and neck cancer patients during and after radiotherapy.Methods From March to November 2017,172 patients with head and neck cancer receiving radiotherapy were recruited from Beijing Cancer Hospital including 86 patients completing all follow up visits.Chemotherapy-induced Taste Alteration scale was used to evaluate radiotherapy-induced taste alteration and the Patient-generated subjective global assessment (PGSGA) was used for nutrition evaluation at baseline,mid-treatment,post-treatment and 1-2 months after radiotherapy (follow-up).Generalized estimating equations was applied to analyze the influencing factors of taste alteration and its relationship with nutritional status.Results The incidence of taste alteration were 9.3％,84.9％,94.2％ and 77.9％ respectively at baseline,mid-treatment,post-treatment and 1-2 months after radiotherapy (follow-up).Taste alteration score increased with the increase of radiation dose,reached the highest at the posttreatment and decreased at follow-up visit which was still higher than the score at baseline.PG-SGA score increased with the increase of radiation dose.The incidence of severe malnutrition after radiotherapy was 95.3％,decreased to 45.3％ at follow up visit.Nutritional status was closely related to taste alteration.Total radiation dose and concurrent chemotherapy were the influencing factors of taste alteration.Conclusions The taste of patients with head and neck cancer is affected by radiotherapy.As radiotherapy continues,the taste alteration aggravates and PG-SGA score increases gradually,thus malnutrition becomes a prominent problem.Such effect will persist for a period of time after radiotherapy,which should be paid attention and interventions should be conducted to prevent or reduce this effect,in order that the lasting of malnutrition induced by taste alteration can be avoided.

Objective To evaluate the range of motion of gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) adenocarcinoma during preoperative radiotherapy.Methods Fourteen consecutive patients who received preoperative chemoradiotherapy for GEJ adenocarcinoma were included in this study.Fiducial markers were placed on the upper and lower edges of and around the primary tumor under a gastroscope.Eight patients underwent four-dimensional computed tomography to obtain 98 intrafractional images containing 8 fiducial markers at the GEJ.Twelve patients underwent cone-beam computed tomography at the 1 st to 5th,7th,12th,17th,and 22nd courses of radiotherapy to obtain 90 interfractional images.The paired t test was used for difference analysis.Results The intrafractional tumor displacements in left-right (LR),ventro-dorsal (VD),and cranio-caudal (CC) directions were 0.92±0.95 mm,2.27±2.73 mm,and 9.95±5.48 mm,respectively;the motion in CC direction was larger than that in LR or VD direction (P=0.000 or P=0.000);the motion in VD direction was larger than that in LR direction (P=0.000).The interfractional tumor displacements in LR,VD,and CC were 6.56±4.19 mm,5.69±3.29 mm,and 6.49±4.37 mm,respectively;the motion in LR or CC direction was larger than that in VD direction (P=0.031 or P=0.044);there was no significant difference between the motions in LR and CC directions (P=0.956).In order to ensure 95% of prescribed dose to at least 90% of the tumor volume,the margins from GEJ lesion in LR,VD,and CC directions were 19.4 mm,14.6 mm,and 27.2 mm,respectively,which could cover both intrafractional and interfractional tumor displacements during preoperative radiotherapy.Conclusions GEJ tumor has a wide range of movement in preoperative intra-and inter-fractional radiotherapy.This should be considered for precise radiotherapy,and a new method should be selected to limit tumor movement.

Four kinds of ionic liquids were adopted to analyze the content of rubimaillin and alizarin in Rubia cordifolia roots with ultrasonic-assisted extraction coupled with HPLC. The chromatographic column, Purospher star RP-C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), was used. Methanol and 0.4% acetic acid-water as mobile phase with flow rate at 0.85 mL min(-1), gradient elution, detection wavelength at 250 nm, chromatographic column temperature was controlled at room temperature. The result showed that rubimaillin and alizarin had the highest extraction yield when the [ HMIM] PF6methanol solution concentration of 0.6 mol x L(-1) as extraction solvent and the conditions were solid-liquid ratio of 1:80 (g x mL(-1)). Under the optimal extraction conditions, the content of alizarin from 0.01 to 0.04 microg showed a good linearity (r = 0.9999), the average recovery was 97.12%, the content of rubimaillin from 0.41 to 1.35 microg showed a good linearity (r = 0.9999), the average recovery was 98.10%. This experiment adopted environmentally friendly reagent as extraction solvent, the extraction efficiency was improved, and the environmental pollution caused by organic solvent was avoided, the harm of human body aslo was reduced. This method was simple and reliable, its repeatability was also very good, which had an important significance in the study of traditional Chinese medicine active ingredient extraction methods.
Anthraquinones ; analysis ; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase ; methods ; Ionic Liquids ; chemistry ; Pyrans ; analysis ; Rubia ; chemistry ; Ultrasonics