Objective To observe the difference of bone micro-structure in different regions of proximal femur,micro-CT scanning was performed on 30 proximal femur specimens to explain the mechanism of proximal femur fracture and to provide anatomical basis for prosthesis design.Methods Totally 30 intact proximal femur specimens were obtained from 60-80 year-old cadavers.Micro-CT scanning was used to measure the trabecular thickness(Tb.Th),trabecular number(Tb.N),trabecular space(Tb.Sp),connectivity(Conn)and bone mineral density(BMD)and other parameters in 7 regions of proximal femur,including proximal pressure trabecular(PPT),distal pressure trabecular(DPT),femoral head-neck junction(FHNJ),head and neck of femoral neck(HNFN),the base of femoral neck(BPFN),intertrochanteric line(IL)and greater trochanter(GT).Results The bone mineral density of IL and GT were higher than those of BPFN,FHNJ,DPT and PPT.The trabecular thickness of GT was the largest,followed by IL,BPFN and HNFN,and the smallest was FHNJ,DPT and PPT.The trabecular space of IL was larger than that of GT,and the data of both were larger than those of other parts,among which DPT and PPT were the smallest.The trabecular number of IL and GT were the smallest,BPFN,HNFN and FHNJ were larger,and DPT was the largest.The volume fraction of IL was the smallest,BPFN and HNFN were larger,DPT and PPT were the largest.Conclusion The bone density,trabecular thickness,bone volume,and total volume of GT and IL in the proximal femur of elderly patients are all relatively large,so the reason for the high incidence of fractures is not due to weak internal bone microstructure;The bone density,trabecular thickness,and trabecular gap at the proximal and distal ends of the vertical trabecular bone are relatively small.If it is necessary to perform core decompression for prosthesis filling at this location,the design should be conducive to the mechanical conduction of the prosthesis and the regeneration of surrounding bone tissue.

With the rapid development of competitive sports, the incidence of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury is on the rise. Such injuries may shorten athletes′ career and lead to other long-term adverse consequences. Although athletes generally recover well after ACL reconstruction, many still struggle to return to their pre-injury performance levels. Advances in the understanding of ACL anatomy and injury mechanisms, along with the evolution of surgical techniques and rehabilitation methods, have provided more individualized and tailored options for athletes following ACL injuries. However, there is currently no consensus in China regarding surgical and rehabilitation strategies for competitive athletes aiming to return to sports after ACL injuries. To this end, the Sports Medicine Committee of the Chinese Research Hospital Association and the Editorial Board of the Chinese Journal of Trauma jointly formulated the Expert consensus on surgical treatment and rehabilitation for competitive sports athletes returning to sports after anterior cruciate ligament injury ( version 2025), and presented 14 recommendations covering surgical indications, preoperative rehabilitation, surgical timing, surgical strategies and postoperative rehabilitation strategies, aiming to improve the surgical treatment and rehabilitation system for ACL injuries in competitive athletes and facilitate their return to high-level sports performance after injury.

This study was aimed at identifying the pathogenic bacteria responsible for the death of a young tiger at the Fujian Meihua Mountain South China Tiger Breeding Research Institute.Tissue samples from the lungs,liver,and intestines of the deceased tiger were collected,and the bacteria were cultured inasterile environment.The bacterial strains were characterized according to their morphological and molecular biological properties,including assessment of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes,mouse lethality tests,and antibiotic susceptibility evaluations.A predominant bacterial strain isolated from the liver of the deceased tiger was identified as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)strain Tiger22513F.Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the Tiger22513F strain exhibited close genetic similarity to the reference strain ETEC(MF919609.1),with 99.9%nucleotide similarity,and resided on the same evolutionary branch.The Tiger22513F strain contained 11 antibiotic resistance genes(tetA,sul1,sul3,cmlA,floR,blaTEM,blaSHV,blaCMY-2,qnrA,qnrS,and qnrD)along with five virulence genes(VT1,fyuA,tsh,iucD,and ST).Mouse lethality tests indicated significant pathogenicity toward mice,affecting primarily the lungs,liver,and intestines.Antibiotic susceptibility testing demonstrated that this strain exhibited resistance to various classes of beta-lactam antibiotics,as well as quinolones and aminoglycosides.This investigation successfully isolated a multi-drug resistant enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain with pronounced pathogenicity from the liver of a deceased tiger;thus providing valuable scientific insights for clinical diagnosis,as well as prevention and control measures,against ETEC infections in South China tigers.

Aim To detect the mechanism of Wenshen Jianpi recipe(WSJPR)regulating the autophagy by p70S6K signaling pathway on alleviating podocyte inju-ry in diabetic nephropathy(DN)rats.Methods DN model rats induced by streptozotocin were divided into five groups with six rats in each group:model control group,low dose group(7.5 g·kg-1·d-1),medium dose group(15 g·kg-1·d-1),high dose group(30 g·kg-1·d-1),and positive control group(25 mg·kg-1·d-1).In addition,six normal rats were used as negative control group(isotonic NaCl solution 10 mL·kg-1·d-1).All the rats were given continuous ga-vage for eight weeks.Fasting blood glucose,urine al-bumin/creatinine ratio(UACR)and blood viscosity were determined.The changes of podocyte ultrastruc-ture and autophagosome in each group were observed by transmission electron microscopy(TEM).The pro-tein levels of signaling pathway factor p70S6K and au-tophagy factor p62 in renal tissues of rats in each group were detected by Western blot.Besides,p62 expres-sion was observed by immunohistochemistry.Results WSJPR could decrease fasting blood glucose and UACR,and improve the indexes of blood viscosity in rats.TEM indicated that WSJPR could significantly improve the podocyte ultrastructure and autophagy level in DN rats.Western blot showed that the expression level of signaling pathway factor p70S6K and autophagy factor p62 in the kidney of DN rats increased signifi-cantly compared with blank control group(P＜0.01).The expression level of p70S6K and p62 in WSJPR groups decreased compared with model control group(P＜0.05).Among them,the medium-dose group of WSJPR had the most significant change.Immunohisto-chemical results showed that the level of autophagy fac-tor p62 in kidney tissue of DN rats increased compared with the control group.WSJPR had a certain inhibitory effect on p62 expression in DN rats.Conclusion WSJPR might restore cell homeostasis by inhibiting p70S6K level,reducing the expression of autophagy factor p62 and enhancing autophagy level in renal tis-sue of DN rats.

Interferon stimulating factor STING, a transmembrane protein residing in the endoplasmic reticulum, is extensively involved in the sensing and transduction of intracellular signals and serves as a crucial component of the innate immune system. STING is capable of directly or indirectly responding to abnormal DNA originating from diverse sources within the cytoplasm, thereby fulfilling its classical antiviral and antitumor functions. Structurally, STING is composed of 4 transmembrane helices, a cytoplasmic ligand binding domain (LBD), and a C terminal tail structure (CTT). The transmembrane domain (TM), which is formed by the transmembrane helical structures, anchors STING to the endoplasmic reticulum, while the LBD is in charge of binding to cyclic dinucleotides (CDNs). The classical second messenger, cyclic guanosine monophosphate-adenosine monophosphate (cGAMP), represents a key upstream molecule for STING activation. Once cGAMP binds to LBD, STING experiences conformational alterations, which subsequently lead to the recruitment of Tank-binding kinase 1 (TBK1) via the CTT domain. This, in turn, mediates interferon secretion and promotes the activation and migration of dendritic cells, T cells, and natural killer cells. Additionally, STING is able to activate nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), thereby initiating the synthesis and release of inflammatory factors and augmenting the body’s immune response. In recent years, an increasing number of studies have disclosed the non-classical functions of STING. It has been found that STING plays a significant role in organelle regulation. STING is not only implicated in the quality control systems of organelles such as mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum but also modulates the functions of these organelles. For instance, STING can influence key aspects of organelle quality control, including mitochondrial fission and fusion, mitophagy, and endoplasmic reticulum stress. This regulatory effect is not unidirectional; rather, it is subject to organelle feedback regulation, thereby forming a complex interaction network. STING also exerts a monitoring function on the nucleus and ribosomes, which further enhances the role of the cGAS-STING pathway in infection-related immunity. The interaction mechanism between STING and organelles is highly intricate, which, within a certain range, enhances the cells’ capacity to respond to external stimuli and survival pressure. However, once the balance of this interaction is disrupted, it may result in the occurrence and development of inflammatory diseases, such as aseptic inflammation and autoimmune diseases. Excessive activation or malfunction of STING may trigger an over-exuberant inflammatory response, which subsequently leads to tissue damage and pathological states. This review recapitulates the recent interactions between STING and diverse organelles, encompassing its multifarious functions in antiviral, antitumor, organelle regulation, and immune regulation. These investigations not only deepen the comprehension of molecular mechanisms underlying STING but also offer novel concepts for the exploration of human disease pathogenesis and the development of potential treatment strategies. In the future, with further probing into STING function and its regulatory mechanisms, it is anticipated to pioneer new approaches for the treatment of complex diseases such as inflammatory diseases and tumors.

The patent data in the key technology field of capsule endoscopy industry was retrieved in IncoPat Global Patent Database from January 1,2003 to December 31,2022,and the development trend of key technologies and patent competition in the global capsule endoscopy industry were analyzed in terms of the applicant,concentration of China's patent applications and regional layout.It's pointed out Japan's Olympus company gained advantages in the key technology field,the enterprise played a main role in the innovation of the key technology field,the main exporters and target markets included the United States,South Korea,Japan and China and China became more and more important for the innovation of the key technology field.References were provided for the technology development of capsule endoscopy industry in China.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(5):60-65]

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between insulin resistance and uterine volume in girls with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP). METHODS: A retrospective study was conducted involving 61 girls diagnosed with ICPP who visited the pediatric growth and development clinic of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University between January 2022 and September 2024, designated as the ICPP group, and 61 normally developing girls as the control group. The differences in insulin resistance index (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance, HOMA-IR), uterine volume, and other indicators between the two groups were compared, and the relationship between insulin resistance and uterine volume in these girls was analyzed. RESULTS: The uterine volume and HOMA-IR level in the ICPP group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Correlation analysis revealed that there was a positive correlation between HOMA-IR level and uterine volume in the ICPP group (r_s=0.643, P<0.001). Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that as HOMA-IR increased,uterine volume in the girls tended to increase (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS There is an association between insulin resistance and uterine volume in girls with ICPP, and as HOMA-IR increases, uterine volume in the girls also increases.
Humans ; Female ; Insulin Resistance ; Puberty, Precocious/metabolism* ; Uterus/pathology* ; Child ; Retrospective Studies ; Organ Size ; Linear Models

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the laboratory detection results of hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn(HDFN). METHODS: Related test results of 283 newborns and their mothers' blood samples from Kunming Maternal and Child Health Hospital from August 2023 to May 2024 were collected, including mother and child ABO blood group, RhD blood group, as well as 3 tests of HDFN, total bilirubin (TBil) and indirect bilirubin (IBil). RESULTS: 283 were ABO incompatibility, among which 187 were HDFN positive, with a positive rate of 66.08%; the positive rate of HDFN in neonates with antigen-A incompatibility was 74.12%(126/170), the positive rate of HDFN in neonates with antigen-B incompatibility was 53.57%(60/112), which was the highest in neonates with O/A incompatibility ［75.45%(126/167)］, followed by O/B incompatibility［54.55%(60/110)］. Group by age, the positive rates of HDFN in the ≤1 d group, 2 d group, 3 d group, 4 d group, 5 d group and ≥6 d group were 76.03%(111/146), 67.86%(38/56), 57.14%(24/42), 38.46%(5/13), 46.15%(6/13) and 23.08%(3/13), respectively. With the increase of age, the positive rates of HDFN gradually decreased, there was a statistically significant difference between the ≤3 day age group and >3 day age group ( P <0.05). There was no statistically significant difference in TBil and IBil levels between the "direct antibody+indirect antibody+release+" group and the HDFN negative group in newborns. HDFN infants exhibited a rapid increase in bilirubin levels within the first day after birth, with significantly higher TBil and IBil values compared to Non ABO-HDFN infants in the ≤1 day group ( P <0.01). However, the difference of bilirubin levels between the two groups gradually narrowed from 2-6 days after birth, and the difference was not statistically significant (P >0.05). The peak value of TBil and IBil occurred on the 4th day after birth in HDFN infants. CONCLUSION ABO-HDFN is most commonly seen in newborns whose mothers are type-O, and the positive rate was the highest in newborns with O/A incompatibility. The detection rate of HDFN is affected by the age of the newborns, and the two were correlated inversely. ABO-HDFN group developed more rapidly with a higher peak. Therefore, HDFN tests should be carried out as soon as possible for mothers and newborns with incompatible blood types, and appropriate treatment should be provided to prevent complications.
Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; ABO Blood-Group System ; Erythroblastosis, Fetal/epidemiology* ; Female ; China/epidemiology* ; Blood Group Incompatibility ; Male ; Bilirubin/blood*

Intravascular large B-cell lymphoma (IVLBCL), a rare subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, is classified as an independent subtype of extranodal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) in the 2008 World Health Organization (WHO) Classification (Turner et al., 2010). The 5th edition of the World Health Organization (WHO 2022) classification of hematolymphoid tumors retains this subtype (Alaggio et al., 2022). IVLBCL, which is characterized by neoplastic lymphocyte proliferation within the lumen of small blood vessels, tends to invade organs, such as the nervous system, skin, bone marrow (BM), and lung (D'Angelo et al., 2019; Satoh et al., 2019; Vásquez et al., 2019; Fukami et al., 2020).
Humans ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use* ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse/drug therapy* ; Vascular Neoplasms/therapy*

Objective To investigate the effect of Tan Ⅰ on SA-AKI in rats by mediating Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.Methods Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the following groups(n=8 per group,including 2 reserve animals per group):Sham,SA-AKI,SA-AKI+5 mg/kg Tan I,SA-AKI+10 mg/kg Tan I,SA-AKI+15 mg/kg Tan I(SA-AKI+Tan I),SA-AKI+salinomycin sodium(SS,Wnt signal inhibitor,SA-AKI+SS),SA-AKI+SS+Tan I,SA-AKI+laduviglusib(LG,Wnt signal activator,SA-AKI+LG),and SA-AKI+LG+Tan I.Rat SA-AKI model was induced by cecal ligation and puncture(CLP),with Tan I,SS,and LG administered via intraperitoneal injection.Hematoxylin-eosin and TUNEL staining were used to observe renal tissue pathological damage.Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect serum concentrations of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin(NGAL),IL-1β,IL-8,IL-6,and TNF-α.Creatinine(Cre)and blood urea nitrogen(BUN)kit were used to detect serum Cre and BUN concentrations.Western blot and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the expression and fluorescence intensity of Wnt1,GSK3β,and β-catenin.Results Administration of Tan I at doses of 10 mg/kg and 15 mg/kg significantly attenuated renal injury in rats with SA-AKI(P<0.05),suppressed the levels of SA-AKI biomarkers NGAL,Cre,and BUN and pro-inflammatory cytokines(P<0.05),reduced apoptosis,and downregulated Wnt1 and GSK3β while upregulating β-catenin expression(P<0.05).Although Tan I at 5 mg/kg exhibited a modest protective effect against SA-AKI in rats,no statistically significant difference was observed compared to the sham group(P>0.05).SS weakened CLP-induced kidney injury and the production of inflammatory cytokines in rats(P<0.05),and LG further aggravated CLP-induced kidney injury in rats(P<0.05).Tan Ⅰ reversed the promoting effect of LG on kidney injury in SA-AKI rats(P<0.05).Conclusion Tan Ⅰ provides a protective effect on CLP-induced SA-AKI rat by inhibiting Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway.