Armeniacae Semen Amarum， the dried mature seeds of plants such as Prunus armeniaca var. ansu （Rosaceae）， have a long history for medicinal use. Modern research indicates that the core active compounds of Armeniacae Semen Amarum， such as amygdalin， fatty acids， and volatile oils， exhibit multiple pharmacological effects including antitussive， bronchodilatory， anti-inflammatory， antioxidant， antitumor， antifibrotic， and immunomodulatory effects. Consequently， their potential applications in treating respiratory diseases， tumors， tissue injury， and metabolic disorders have garnered significant attention. However， a systematic integrated analysis of the relationship between the traditional efficacy， modern pharmacology， key material basis， and multi-pathway mechanisms of Armeniacae Semen Amarum remains lacking. Using bibliometric methods combined with CiteSpace visualization technology， this study systematically summarizes the research hotspots on Armeniacae Semen Amarum and its representative component amygdalin， including the key roles in inflammation regulation， apoptosis induction， cell cycle arrest， oxidative stress balance， and fibrosis modulation. This article reviews the research progress in Armeniacae Semen Amarum across from four major dimensions—traditional applications， visualization analysis， material basis， and modern pharmacological studies， providing a reference for the further basic and clinical studies of Armeniacae Semen Amarum in respiratory diseases， oncology， and immune-related disorders.

Objective To examine the changing prevalence and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Burkholderia cepacia in 52 hospitals across China from 2015 to 2021.Methods A total of 9 261 strains of B.cepacia were collected from 52 hospitals between January 1,2015 and December 31,2021.Antimicrobial susceptibility of the strains was tested using Kirby-Bauer method or automated antimicrobial susceptibility testing systems according to a unified protocol.The results were interpreted according to the breakpoints released in the Clinical & Laboratory Standards Institute(CLSI)guidelines(2023 edition).Results A total of 9 261 strains of B.cepacia were isolated from all age groups,especially elderly patients.The proportion was 11.1％(1 032 strains)in children,significantly lower than the proportion in adults.About half(46.5％,4 310/9 261)of the strains were isolated from patients at least 60 years old and 42.3％(3 919/9 261)of the strains were isolated from young adults.Most isolates(71.1％)were isolated from sputum and respiratory secretions,followed by urine(10.7％)and blood samples(8.1％).B.cepacia isolates were highly susceptible to the five antimicrobial agents recommended in the CLSI M100 document(33rd edition,2023).B.cepacia isolates showed relatively higher resistance rates to meropenem and levofloxacin.However,the resistance rates to ceftazidime,trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,and minocycline remained below 8.1％.The percentage of B.cepacia strains resistant to levofloxacin was the highest compared to other antibiotics in any of the three age groups(from 12.4％in the patients＜18 years old to 20.6％in the patients aged 60 years or older).Conclusions B.cepacia is one of the clinically important non-fermenting gram-negative bacteria.Accurate and timely reporting of antimicrobial susceptibility test results and ongoing antimicrobial resistance surveillance are helpful for rational prescription of antimicrobial agents and proper prevention and control of nosocomial infections.

Debates persist regarding the efficacy and safety of azvudine, particularly its real-world outcomes. This study involved patients aged ≥60 years who were admitted to 25 hospitals in mainland China with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection between December 1, 2022, and February 28, 2023. Efficacy outcomes were all-cause mortality during hospitalization, the proportion of patients discharged with recovery, time to nucleic acid-negative conversion (T _NANC), time to symptom improvement (T _SI), and time of hospital stay (T _HS). Safety was also assessed. Among the 5884 participants identified, 1999 received azvudine, and 1999 matched controls were included after exclusion and propensity score matching. Azvudine recipients exhibited lower all-cause mortality compared with controls in the overall population (13.3% vs. 17.1%, RR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.67-0.90; P = 0.001) and in the severe subgroup (25.7% vs. 33.7%; RR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.66-0.88; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients discharged with recovery, and a shorter T _NANC were associated with azvudine recipients, especially in the severe subgroup. The incidence of adverse events in azvudine recipients was comparable to that in the control group (2.3% vs. 1.7%, P = 0.170). In conclusion, azvudine showed efficacy and safety in older patients hospitalized with COVID-19 during the SARS-CoV-2 omicron wave in China.

Objective To analyze and summarize the acupoint selection patterns for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of chloasma using data mining techniques.Methods Computerized searches were conducted in major databases including the CNKI,Wanfang,VIP,CBM,PubMed,Embase,and the Cochrane Library.Clinical research literature on acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of chloasma published between January 1,2003 and August 31,2024 was retrieved.A database for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of chloasma was established using Microsoft Excel 2019,and SPSS Modeler 18.0,Cytoscape 3.9.1,and SPSS 26.0 were employed to analyze the frequency of acupoint usage,meridian tropism,regional distribution,and specific acupoint categories,as well as to perform association rule analysis and cluster analysis.Results A total of 122 articles were included,involving 185 acupuncture-moxibustion prescriptions and 131 acupoints,with a total application frequency of 1 532.High-frequency acupoints included Sanyinjiao(SP6),Zusanli(ST36),Xuehai(SP10),and Hegu(LI4).Commonly used meridians were the spleen meridian of foot-taiyin,stomach meridian of foot-yangming,conception vessel(ren mai),bladder meridian of foot-taiyang,and large intestine meridian of hand-yangming.Specific acupoints were predominantly front-mu points,five-shu points,and lower he-sea points.Acupoints were mostly distributed in the chest/abdomen and lower limbs.Association rule analysis revealed that the core acupoint combination was"Sanyinjiao-Zusanli-Xuehai-Hegu".Cluster analysis classified high-frequency acupoints into five major categories.Conclusion The acupoint selection patterns for acupuncture-moxibustion treatment of chloasma reflect the principle of combining holistic concepts with syndrome differentiation.The core acupoint combination is"Sanyinjiao-Zusanli-Xuehai-Hegu".During treatment,acupoints in the chest/abdomen and lower limbs are frequently selected,often combined with acupoints on the head and face.

Objective:To investigate the anti-heart failure mechanism of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)in diabetic cardiomyop-athy independent from coronary artery factors.Methods:A total of 40 diabetic mice after heart failure model construction were randomly divided into two groups,NAC group(n=20,NAC 100mg·kg-1·d-1)and control group(n=20,Saline 100 mg·kg-1·d-1).Echocardiography was performed to detect left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),mitral left ventricular early-dias-tolic peak flow velocity/left ventricular late-diastolic peak flow velocity(E/A),isovolumic relaxation time(IVRT)and cardiac output(CO)after 4 weeks.Terminal uridine nick-end labeling(TUNEL)was performed to detect apoptosis in-dex,and Western Blot was performed to detect the expression of extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK)1/2 after 6 weeks in two groups.Results:Compared to those in control group,mice in NAC group had significant higher LVEF[(40.5±3.4)％vs.(36.9±3.2)％],E/A[(1.5±0.1)vs.(1.4±0.1)]and CO[(10.3±0.6)ml/min vs.(9.9±0.5)ml/min](P＜0.05 or＜0.01);and significant lower LVESV[(23.1±1.3)μl vs.(24.7±1.5)μl],apoptosis index[(31.2±0.5)％vs.(45.1±0.9)％]and the expression of ERK1/2[(2.2±0.2)vs.(3.9±0.1)](P＜0.001 all).Conclusion:NAC exerts anti-heart failure effect by attenuating apoptosis of cardiomyocytes via regulating ERK1/2 pathway.

A quadruplex RT-qPCR method was developed for rapid identification and diagnosis of transmissible gastroenteritis virus(TGEV)of swine,porcine epidemic diarrhea virus(PEDV),porcine deltacorona virus(PDCoV),and porcine rotavirus type A(PoRVA).The full-length sequences of PEDV(77 strains),TGEV(63 strains),PDCoV(17 strains)that are prevalent in China,as well as the 85 VP6 gene sequences of PoRVA,were downloaded from the NCBI database for homology analysis.Based on the relatively conserved sequences,the corresponding primers and probes for each virus were designed and used to establish the quadruplex RT-qPCR method.After optimization of the probes and the reaction conditions,the specificity,sensitivity,and repeatability were determined.Using the established method,109 clinical samples of diarrhea were tested and further compared with the results by standard method.The results showed that the quadruplex RT-qPCR method established in this experiment has good amplification effect,with the C,value linearly correlated with the copies of templates(R2＞0.99).Specificity assay demonstrated that the quadruplex RT-qPCR method can identify TGEV,PEDV,PDCoV,PRoVA strains,and do not de-tect African swine fever virus(ASFV),porcine circovirus type 2(PCV2),porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus(PRRSV),classical swine fever virus(CSFV),pseudorabies virus(PRV)and other epidemic viruses.Sensitivity assay showed that the detection limits for TGEV,PEDV,PDCoV and PoRVA were 10,20,20 and 50 copies/μL,respectively.The method exhibits excellent reproducibility,with coefficients of variation(Cv)for both intra-and inter-assay repli-cates being less than 1％.Detection of 109 samples of diarrhea by this method yielded the coinci-dence rate of 100％with the industry standard,indicating high practical applicability.The devel-oped method possesses the advantages of strong strain compatibility,high sensitivity,strong speci-ficity,good repeatability and stability.It is suitable for virus diagnosis and large-scale clinical sam-ple testing,providing technical support for disease prevention and control as well as epidemiologi-cal investigation.

The objective of this study was to develop a rapid and precise detection technique for por-cine Senecavirus A(SVA)employing reverse transcription recombinase polymerase amplification(RT-RAA)in conjunction with CRISPR Cas13a technology.Additionally,the study aimed to opti-mize the assay's reaction conditions to enhance amplification efficiency.Eight RT-RAA primer sets were designed based on the conserved gene sequence of porcine SVA,and a series of reaction condi-tions were evaluated to refine the RT-RAA reaction system.Subsequently,CRISPR-derived RNA(crRNA)sequences were developed and selected to construct the RT-RAA-CRISPR reaction sys-tem.The method's specificity was determined by examining six prevalent porcine pathogenic nucleic acids,while its sensitivity was assessed using SVA cRNA standards quantified by digital PCR.The method's stability and the consistency of clinical sample analysis were also evaluated.The findings revealed that the optimized RT-RAA and CRISPR reaction systems exhibited the highest amplifi-cation efficiency at a reaction temperature of 37 ℃.Among the eight crRNAs,five were identified as exhibiting the strongest detection signals.The formulated RT-RAA-CRISPR Cas13a method demonstrated exceptional specificity,showing no cross-reactivity with other common porcine disea-ses,including ASFV,PRRSV,PEDV,PCV2,CSFV,and PRV.The method achieved high sensitivi-ty,detecting as low as 0.86 copies/μL of SVA,and exhibited stable fluorescence output,robust re-producibility,and the ability to complete clinical sample analysis within 50 minutes.Consistency e-valuation with six positive and 58 negative samples indicated 100％agreement in outcomes.These results substantiate that the study successfully established a rapid and specific RT-RAA-CRISPR Cas13a detection method for the on-site identification of porcine Senecavirus A,demonstrating high specificity and sensitivity,and holds promise for application in SVA monitoring and control initia-tives.

Objective To propose a centrifuge overload simulation method for post stall super manueuvering flights to conduct the pilot centrifuge training during post stall super maneuvering flights.Methods Firstly,the independent active disturbance rejection control was designed in the longitudinal,transverse and heading channels to achieve closed-loop control of the aircraft at high angles of attack with thrust vector control technology.Secondly,a method for establishing control command for the three-axis centrifuge with the main arm rotation,cabin roll and cabin pitch was put forward based on the relationship between the pilot overload and the centrifuge control information.Finally,a simulation model was constructed based on the cobra maneuver to carry out digital simulation experiments.Results The method proposed effectively extracted overload information under super maneuvering flight conditions,then the centrifuge control commands could be determined accordingly to enable corresponding overload trainings with the centrifuge.Conclusion The proposed method facilitates the improvement of pilots'flight maneuvering performance in post stall super maneuvering flights under sustained high overload conditions.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(7):21-26]

High mobility group box protein 1(HMGB1)is one of the most widely expressed protein member in the HMGs family,which is well known for its involvement in the body inflammatory response.Previous researches have found that it plays a significant role in cell migration,immune identification and neuroprotection.Spinal cord injury is a disease that causes severe damage to the nervous system,and neural circuits are disrupted after a spinal cord injury,which leads to many conditions including ischemia and hypoxia,inflammatory responses,demyelinating lesions,and glial scar formation that are detrimental to nerve regeneration and repair,making it one of the most difficult diseases to treat in the modern spinal surgery field.HMGB1 is upregulated after spinal cord injury,thereby regulating neuroinflam-matory responses,and participating in the neuronal apoptosis,promoting neuronal regeneration,and inducing neural stem cell differentiation and migration,which plays an important role in the process of neural function recovery.This paper summarizes the structure and function of HMGB1,as well as its role in spinal cord injury,in order to provide direction for founding therapeutic target for neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury.

High mobility group box protein 1(HMGB1)is one of the most widely expressed protein member in the HMGs family,which is well known for its involvement in the body inflammatory response.Previous researches have found that it plays a significant role in cell migration,immune identification and neuroprotection.Spinal cord injury is a disease that causes severe damage to the nervous system,and neural circuits are disrupted after a spinal cord injury,which leads to many conditions including ischemia and hypoxia,inflammatory responses,demyelinating lesions,and glial scar formation that are detrimental to nerve regeneration and repair,making it one of the most difficult diseases to treat in the modern spinal surgery field.HMGB1 is upregulated after spinal cord injury,thereby regulating neuroinflam-matory responses,and participating in the neuronal apoptosis,promoting neuronal regeneration,and inducing neural stem cell differentiation and migration,which plays an important role in the process of neural function recovery.This paper summarizes the structure and function of HMGB1,as well as its role in spinal cord injury,in order to provide direction for founding therapeutic target for neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury.