Objective To observe the morphology of the superficial,middle,and deep layers of the masseter muscle and related bony structures in the lateral facial region of adults through gross anatomy,and to probe into the effects of these muscle layers on the bony structures of the lateral facial region.Methods The bilateral masseter muscles of 12 adult cadavers were exposed,and the superficial,middle,and deep layers were separated and measured for muscle length,tendon length,and muscle belly length.After the masseter muscles were stripped,the total thickness was measured,and the mandible and zygomatic arch were exposed to measure the angle of the mandibular angle,thickness of the zygomatic arch,and width of the zygomatic arch.Observations were made of the masseter tuberosities,and statistical analysis was conducted on their interrelations.Results The zygomatic arch thickness was positively correlated with the length of superficial,middle and deep masseter muscles and the length of superficial and middle masseter belly(r superficial masseter length=0.624,r middle masseter length=0.787,r deep masseter length=0.423,r superficial masseter belly length=0.493,r middle masseter belly length=0.548).The width of the zygomatic arch was positively correlated with the lengths of the superficial and middle muscle layers and the middle muscle belly length(r superficial masseter length=0.527,r middle masseter length=0.521,r middle masseterbelly length=0.437).The angle of the mandibular angle was only negatively correlated with the middle muscle belly length(r=-0.422).The tuberosities of the superficial and middle masseter muscles were not affected by the corresponding muscle layers;However,the tuberosity of the deep masseter was negatively correlated with the length of the deep muscle and the length of the deep tendon(r deep masseter length=-0.543,r deep masseter tendon length=-0.443).Conclusion In the masseter muscle layers of Chinese individuals,the superficial and middle layers have the most significant impact on the bony structures structures of the lateral facial region.These findings are of guiding significance for the remodeling of structures in the lateral facial region.

A young male patient was diagnosed with aplastic anemia accompanied by paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria(PNH),and achieved only partial remission after immunosuppressive therapy.Over the past year,his anemia worsened,leading to transfusion dependence,which was considered to be caused by active he-molysis of PNH.Despite switching to eculizumab treatment,his anemia continued to deteriorate.A detailed medical history revealed chronic periodontal infection,with periodontal pain,purulent discharge,and fever in the past month.Multidisciplinary discussion suggested that chronic odontogenic infection activating the comple-ment system was the primary cause of aggravated PNH hemolysis,and the acute infection affected the efficacy of eculizumab.Based on multidisciplinary consultation,a treatment plan was formulated,including intravenous antibiotics combined with periodontal irrigation and tooth extraction to control odontogenic infection,while con-tinuing regular eculizumab infusion.The patient's symptoms improved,hemoglobin levels rose rapidly,and he was no longer transfusion-dependent.This case provides an empirical reference for addressing difficulties en-countered in the treatment of rare diseases with new drugs through multidisciplinary collaborative diagnosis and treatment.

Selenoproteins, as the active form of selenium, play an important role in various physiological and pathological processes, such as anti-oxidation, anti-tumor, immune response, metabolic regulation, reproduction and aging. Although the expression level of selenoproteins in adipose tissue is significantly influenced by dietary selenium intake, it is closely related to the homeostasis of adipose tissue. In this review, we summarized the role of selenoproteins in the physiological function of adipose tissue and the pathogenesis of obesity in recent years, in order to provide a rationale for developing potential therapeutic agents for the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases.
Selenoproteins/metabolism* ; Adipose Tissue/physiology* ; Obesity/metabolism* ; Humans ; Animals ; Selenium

A young male patient was diagnosed with aplastic anemia accompanied by paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria(PNH),and achieved only partial remission after immunosuppressive therapy.Over the past year,his anemia worsened,leading to transfusion dependence,which was considered to be caused by active he-molysis of PNH.Despite switching to eculizumab treatment,his anemia continued to deteriorate.A detailed medical history revealed chronic periodontal infection,with periodontal pain,purulent discharge,and fever in the past month.Multidisciplinary discussion suggested that chronic odontogenic infection activating the comple-ment system was the primary cause of aggravated PNH hemolysis,and the acute infection affected the efficacy of eculizumab.Based on multidisciplinary consultation,a treatment plan was formulated,including intravenous antibiotics combined with periodontal irrigation and tooth extraction to control odontogenic infection,while con-tinuing regular eculizumab infusion.The patient's symptoms improved,hemoglobin levels rose rapidly,and he was no longer transfusion-dependent.This case provides an empirical reference for addressing difficulties en-countered in the treatment of rare diseases with new drugs through multidisciplinary collaborative diagnosis and treatment.

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a perennial herb of the genus Salvia(Lamiaceae). As one of the earliest medicinal plants to undergo molecular biology research, it has gradually become a model plant for molecular biology of medicinal plants. With the gradual analysis of the genome of S. miltiorrhiza and the biosynthetic pathways of its main active components tanshinone and salvianolic acids, the transcriptional regulation mediated by transcription factors and related regulatory proteins has gradually become a new research focus. Due to the lack of scientific and unified naming of transcription factors and different research indexes in different literature, this paper systematically sorted out the transcription factors in different literature with the genomes of DSS3 from selfing for three generations and bh2-7 from selfing for six generations as reference. In total, 73 transcription factors and related regulatory proteins belonging to 13 gene families were identified. The effects of overexpression or gene silencing experiments on tanshinone and salvianolic acids were also analyzed. This study unified the identified transcription factors, which laid a foundation for further constructing the regulatory networks of secondary metabolites and insect or stress resistance and improving the quality of medicinal materials by using global transcriptional regulation engineering.
Salvia miltiorrhiza/chemistry* ; Plant Proteins/metabolism* ; Gene Expression Regulation, Plant ; Transcription Factors/metabolism* ; Abietanes/metabolism*

Apical microsurgery is accurate and minimally invasive, produces few complications, and has a success rate of more than 90%. However, due to the lack of awareness and understanding of apical microsurgery by dental general practitioners and even endodontists, many clinical problems remain to be overcome. The consensus has gathered well-known domestic experts to hold a series of special discussions and reached the consensus. This document specifies the indications, contraindications, preoperative preparations, operational procedures, complication prevention measures, and efficacy evaluation of apical microsurgery and is applicable to dentists who perform apical microsurgery after systematic training.
Microsurgery/standards* ; Humans ; Apicoectomy ; Contraindications, Procedure ; Tooth Apex/diagnostic imaging* ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control* ; Consensus ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to explore the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality based on the 10-year population-based multicenter prospective study. METHODS: A general population-based multicenter prospective study was conducted at four sites in rural China between 2013 and 2023. Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models and restricted cubic spline analyses were used to assess the association between BMI and mortality. Stratified analyses were performed based on the individual characteristics of the participants. RESULTS: Overall, 19,107 participants with a sum of 163,095 person-years were included and 1,910 participants died. The underweight (< 18.5 kg/m ²) presented an increase in all-cause mortality (adjusted hazards ratio [ aHR] = 2.00, 95% confidence interval [ CI]: 1.66-2.41), while overweight (≥ 24.0 to < 28.0 kg/m ²) and obesity (≥ 28.0 kg/m ²) presented a decrease with an aHR of 0.61 (95% CI: 0.52-0.73) and 0.51 (95% CI: 0.37-0.70), respectively. Overweight ( aHR = 0.76, 95% CI: 0.67-0.86) and mild obesity ( aHR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.59-0.87) had a positive impact on mortality in people older than 60 years. All-cause mortality decreased rapidly until reaching a BMI of 25.7 kg/m ² ( aHR = 0.95, 95% CI: 0.92-0.98) and increased slightly above that value, indicating a U-shaped association. The beneficial impact of being overweight on mortality was robust in most subgroups and sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSION This study provides additional evidence that overweight and mild obesity may be inversely related to the risk of death in individuals older than 60 years. Therefore, it is essential to consider age differences when formulating health and weight management strategies.
Humans ; Body Mass Index ; China/epidemiology* ; Male ; Female ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Rural Population/statistics & numerical data* ; Aged ; Follow-Up Studies ; Adult ; Mortality ; Cause of Death ; Obesity/mortality* ; Overweight/mortality*

Objective:To investigate the synergistic effect and its mechanism of ginsenoside-Rg5 in combination with imatinib in inhibiting proliferation of chronic myeloid leukemia K562 cells.Methods:K562 cells were treated with ginsenoside-Rg5 and imatinib.Cell survival was detected by CCK-8 assay,and IC50 were calculated separately for each drug.Based on the value of IC50 of ginsenoside-Rg5 and imatinib,an appropriate concentration gradient was selected for the combination.The synergistic effect of the two drug was analyzed using the online software synergy finder.The effects of single or combination therapy on apoptosis rate and the cell cycle distribution of K562 cells were analyzed by flow cytometry.Western blot was used to detect the expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway related proteins and apoptosis related proteins in K562 cells after single or combination therapy.Results:Ginsenoside-Rg5 and imatinib were able to inhibit the proliferative activity of K562 cells in a dose-dependent manner(r=-0.991,r=-0.942).The synergy score ZIP＞10 was measured by Synergy Finder online software,indicating that ginsenoside-Rg5 and imatinib act synergistically on K562 cells.The apoptotic rates of K562 cells after single treatments with ginsenoside-Rg5 and imatinib were 11.96％and 8.13％,respectively,while the rate increased to 21.35％with the combination of two drugs,the apoptosis rate in the combination group was higher than that in the single-drug group(P＜0.05).The proportion of K562 cells in the G0/G1 phase was significantly increased with the combined treatment of two drugs(P＜0.05).The protein expression levels of p-PI3K,p-AKT,p-mTOR in K562 cells treated with the combination were significantly decreased,with noticeable downregulation of BCL-2 and upregulation of BAX,leading to a decreased Bcl-2/BAX ratio,while no significant changes were observed in the non-phosphorylated forms of PI3K,AKT,and mTOR proteins.Conclusion:The combination of ginsenoside-Rg5 and imatinib can inhibit the proliferation of CML cells and induce apoptosis,and the mechanism may act through PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways.

This paper summarized Professor YE Jianzhou's experience in treating atopic dermatitis （AD） in children with the method of regulating the heart and treating the spirit. According to the clinical manifestations of itching-sleep psychological disorders in children with AD， and the physiological characteristics of "heart qi is prone to hyperactivity" and "liver qi is prone to hyperactivity" in children， it is believed that heart and spirit disharmony is an important pathogenesis of AD in children.From the concept of holism in traditional Chinese medicine， the principle of regulating the heart and treating the spirit has been proposed for treatment of AD in children， which is based on the theory of "the five zang （脏） organs store the spirit". In the acute stage， it is recommended to clear the heart， drain fire and calm the spirit with self-made Qingxin Ningshen Decoction （清心宁神汤） in modifications. In the chronic stage， the method of nourishing the heart， unblocking the meridians and calming the spirit is recommended， by using self-made Yangxin Anshen Decoction （养心安神汤） with modifications. The method to tranquilize the heart， subdue yang and contain the spirit should be implemented throughout the entire treatment， and yang-subduing and spirit-containing medicinals such as Duanlonggu （Os Draconis Praeparatum）， Duanmuli （Concha Ostreae Praeparatum） and Zhenzhumu （Concha Margaritiferae Usta） are usually used to treat the body and the spirit simultaneously. All these are offered to provide new ideas for the individualized treatment of children with AD.

ObjectiveTo investigate the potential mechanisms of Jiawei Jingqin Decoction （加味荆芩汤） in the treatment of rosacea. MethodsFifty 8-week-old female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into normal control group， model group， and Jiawei Jingqin Decoction low， medium， and high-dose groups， with 10 mice in each group. Except for the normal control group， mice in the other groups were injected with 40μl of antimicrobial peptide LL-37 at a concentration of 320 μmol/L on the back， repeated once every 12 hours for a total of 4 injections， to induce the rosacea mouse model. The mice in the normal control group were injected with 40 μl of PBS solution at the same time. After successful modeling， the mice in the Jiawei Jingqin Decoction low， medium， and high-dose groups were orally administered Jiawei Jingqin Decoction at doses of 4.35， 8.71， and 17.42 g/（kg·d） respectively， while the mice in the normal control group and the model group were orally administered 20 ml/（kg·d） of normal saline. All groups were treated once daily for 5 days. The changes in skin lesions were observed， and the erythema area was measured and scored. Skin tissue at the injection site was collected for histopathological examination using HE staining， and the number of mast cells was detected using toluidine blue staining. The levels of interleukin-6 （IL-6）， interleukin-1β （IL-1β）， and tumor necrosis factor-alpha （TNF-α） in the skin lesion tissues were measured using the ELISA method. The mRNA expression levels of key factors in the innate immune response pathway of rosacea disease mechanism， including Toll-like receptor 2 （TLR2）， downstream molecules serine protease kallikrein 5 （KLK5） and matrix metalloproteinase 9 （MMP-9）， as well as related inflammatory factors （IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α）， and adaptive immune CD4⁺ T cell-related factors interferon-gamma （INF-γ） mRNA were detected using RT-qPCR. Immunohistochemical staining was performed to detect the protein expression of KLK5， MMP-9， and the number of CD4⁺ T-positive cells. Western blot analysis was used to determine the protein expression levels of CD4⁺ T cell-related factors including IFN-γ， CC chemokine receptor 5 （CCR5）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 （STAT1）， signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 （STAT3）. ResultsThe skin at the injection site on the back of mice in the normal control group appeared normal without any skin lesions or erythema， and histopathological examination showed no infiltration of inflammatory cells. The model group had significantly higher erythema scores and larger erythema areas compared to the normal control group （P＜0.05）， and histopathological examination revealed a significant infiltration of inflammatory cells， with some signs of deep connective tissue damage. Compared to the model group， the Jiawei Jingqin Decoction medium and high-dose groups showed a significant decrease in erythema scores and erythema areas （P＜0.05）， as well as a reduction in inflammatory exudates and inflammatory cell infiltration. However， the Jiawei Jingqin Decoction low-dose group did not show significant difference （P＞0.05）， but there was a slight reduction in inflammatory cell infiltration compared to the model group. When compared to the normal control group， the rosacea skin tissues of the model group showed an increase in the number of mast cells， levels of IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α， mRNA expression of IL-1β， IL-6， TNF-α， TLR2， INF-γ， KLK5， MMP-9， protein expression of KLK5， MMP-9， and the number of CD4⁺ T-positive cells （P＜0.05）. Compared to the model group， the Jiawei Jingqin Decoction medium and high-dose groups showed a decrease in the number of mast cells， levels of IL-1β， mRNA expression of IL-1β， TNF-α， and the number of CD4⁺ T-positive cells. The Jiawei Jingqin Decoction high-dose group showed a decrease in IL-6， TNF-α levels， mRNA expression of IL-6， TLR2， INF-γ， MMP-9， protein expression of MMP-9， KLK5， and the number of CD4⁺ T-positive cells， as well as a decrease in IFN-γ and STAT1 protein expression （P＜0.05） compared to the Model group. ConclusionJiawei Jingqin Decoction has significant improvement effect on the skin symptoms of roseacne in a mouse model. Its mechanism might be related to regulating skin immune inflammatory reactions， thereby reducing the release of pathogenic factors and inflammatory factors.