Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

Liver is the main organ of glucose and lipid metabolism, and persistent hyperglycemia is a common cause of liver injury. Panax notoginsenosides (PNS) is the main active ingredient in Panax notoginseng, which have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. In this study, quantitative proteomics combined with experimental verification was used to explore the protective effect of PNS on liver injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) mice and its potential mechanism. All experiments were approved by the Ethical Committee Experimental Animal Center of North Sichuan Medical College (NSMC2022023). Hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe the effect of PNS on the histopathological changes of liver in T2DM mice. TdT-mediated dUTP Nick-end labeling (TUNEL) staining was used to analyze the effect of PNS on hepatocyte apoptosis in T2DM mice. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malonaldehyde (MDA) kits were used to detect the effect of PNS on oxidative damage of liver in T2DM mice. Subsequently, proteomics profiling of mice in T2DM and T2DM+PNS groups were investigated based on quantitative proteomics. Differentially expressed proteins were screened out according to fold change and significance level in T2DM and T2DM+PNS groups, respectively. Pathway enrichment analysis of these differential proteins was done using GeneAnalytics database. Gene ontology analysis was conducted by Metascape database. Protein-protein interaction networks were constructed based on STRING database. Western blot was used to detect protein expression. These results showed that PNS could improve liver abnormalities, inhibit hepatocyte apoptosis, and improve the morphology of mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum in T2DM mice. Proteome data demonstrated that 489 genes expression changed significantly in liver of T2DM mice compared with normal, and 42 ones were significantly reversed after PNS treatment and returned to normal levels. Pathway analysis showed that sterol hormone biosynthesis, adenosine 5′-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway, oxidative stress, insulin signaling, phosphatidylinositol pathway, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) mediated inflammation, insulin resistance, and mTOR signaling pathway exhibited notable changes based on pathway enrichment ratio and significance level. It is worth noting that PNS could improve the abnormal changes of AMPK, TNF-α, apoptosis and insulin pathways. Western blot manifested that PNS inhibit the expression of Bax, Grp78 and Chop, reduce ratio of cleaved casp6/casp6, increase the levels of pAMPKα, HO-1 and Nu-Nrf2 in the liver of T2DM mice. These results suggested that PNS may play protective roles in the liver of T2DM mice by inhibiting apoptosis via activating AMPK/Nrf2/HO-1 signaling pathway, alleviating oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Hypertension and osteoporosis(OP)are common diseases in middle-aged and elderly people,and the number of patients with both diseases has gradually increased in recent years.Because the onset of the disease is hidden,it is easy to cause fractures and serious complications of heart,brain and kidney in the later stage,which not only seriously damages the quality of life of patients,but also increases the difficulty of clinical treatment.Therefore,it is particularly necessary to strengthen the research on this disease.More and more studies have found that the disorder of intestinal flora will lead to the occurrence of OP,while the intestinal flora of patients with hypertension is obviously out of balance.Therefore,this paper thinks that intestinal flora may be the key influencing factor of hypertension complicated with OP,and the imbalance of intestinal flora will lead to the imbalance of short-chain fatty acid metabolism,immune inflammatory reaction and increased sympathetic nerve activity,thus causing the imbalance of bone homeostasis and promoting the occurrence of OP.Therefore,it is suggested that regulating intestinal flora may be a new way to intervene hypertension complicated with OP.

Objective To observe the effects of Zhengan Xifeng decoction on bile acid spectrum of bile and sterol 12α hydroxylase(CYP8B1)in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR).Methods Fifty SHR were randomly divided into model group,control group(1.0 mg·kg-1·d-1 benazepril by gavage)and experimental-L,-M,-H groups(8.63,17.25 and 34.50 g·kg-1·d-1 Zhengan Xifeng decoction by gavage),another 10 homologous male Wistar-Kyoto(WKY)rats were taken as the normal group.The model group and the normal group were given the same amount of distilled water.The rats in the 6 groups were administered once a day for 8 weeks.The animal non-invasive sphygmomanometer was used to measure the blood pressure of rats in each group by tail-cuff method;the bile acid spectrum of rats in each group was detected by UPLC-MS/MS;the expression of CYP8B1 mRNA in rat liver tissue was detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction.Results The systolic blood pressure at the 8th week of the experimental-M,-H groups,control group,model group,normal group were(169.63±12.10),(170.32±9.64),(175.95±15.47),(189.47±7.42)and(146.40±9.45)mmHg;the diastolic blood pressure at the 8th week were(135.10±11.99),(129.73±15.10),(135.18±17.62),(149.20±8.83)and(110.53±10.92)mmHg;the relative expression levels of CYP8B1 mRNA were 3.36±0.94,5.45±1.46,4.29±0.95,0.89±0.14 and 1.00±0.00,respectively.Compared with the model group,the above indexes in the experimental-M,-H groups were statistically significant(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).Compared with the model group,the bile acid spectrum of experimental-L,-M,-H groups bile changed significantly,and a total of 9 different bile acids were found,which were hyodeoxycholic acid,glycohyodeoxycholic acid,glycochenodeoxycholic acid,glycoursodeoxycholic acid,α-muricholic acid,ursodeoxycholic acid,cholic acid,β-muricholic acid and glycocholic acid.Conclusion Zhengan Xifeng decoction may correct bile acid spectrum disorder of bile and reduce blood pressure by up-regulating liver CYP8B1 expression.

Hypertension is a cardiovascular syndrome characterized by increased systemic arterial blood pressure,which seriously affects human health and quality of life.At present,Chinese medicine has attracted much attention in the prevention and treatment of hypertension due to its multi-target and multi-pathway treatment advantages.Zhengan Xifeng decoction which has the effects of calming the liver and extinguishing wind,nourishing yin and suppressing yang.Zhengan Xifeng decoction has a good effect on hypertension,and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of intestinal flora,modulation of gastrointestinal hormones,blockade of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,inhibition of vascular remodeling,and improvement of insulin resistance.This paper systematically reviews the relevant research on Zhengan Xifeng decoction for the treatment of hypertension in recent years,in order to provide a reference for the further application of this prescription and subsequent related research.

Objective To observe the effects of Zhengan Xifeng decoction on bile acid-Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5)/Ras homolog(Rho)/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase(ROCK)/agouti-related protein(AgRP)signaling pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR).Methods Seventy SHR were randomly divided into the model group,control group(gavage administration of 0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1 amlodipine besylate tablets),experimental-L,-M,-H group(gavage administration of 8.630 x 103,1.725 × 104,3.450 × 104 mg·kg-1·d-1 Zhengan Xifeng decoction).Fifteen Wistar-Kyoto rats served as the normal group.The model and normal groups were given the same amount of distilled water.Six groups were treated for 8 weeks with once a day.The bile acid profiles of jejunum contents and colon contents were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,and the expression levels of TGR5,Rho,ROCK and AgRP proteins in the hypothalamus were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the normal,mode,control groups and experimental-L,-M,-H groups,the bile acid spectrum of jejunum contents was significantly changed,and 6 different bile acids were found,namely glycoursodeoxycholic acid,glycohyodeoxycholic acid,hyodeoxycholic acid,ursodeoxycholic acid,taurochenodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.The bile acid spectrum of colon contents was significantly changed,and 4 different bile acids were found,namely deoxycholic acid,ursodeoxycholic acid,lithocholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid.The relative expression levels of TGR5 protein in normal,model,control and experimental-M groups were 1.01±0.22,0.75±0.23,0.96±0.16 and 1.02±0.21;the relative expression levels of Rho protein were 0.81±0.14,0.58±0.19,0.83±0.27 and 0.94±0.24;the relative expression levels of ROCK protein were 0.99±0.27,0.65±0.13,1.07±0.22 and 1.06±0.24;the relative expression levels of AgRP protein were 0.98±0.33,1.46±0.45,0.83±0.25 and 0.95±0.33,respectively.Compared with the model group,the above indexes in the experimental-M group and the normal group showed significant differences(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Zhengan Xifeng decoction may suppress AgRP expression via bile acid-TGR5/Rho/ROCK/AgRP signaling pathway,to achieve the purpose of reducing blood pressure.

Hypertension is a cardiovascular syndrome characterized by increased systemic arterial blood pressure,which seriously affects human health and quality of life.At present,Chinese medicine has attracted much attention in the prevention and treatment of hypertension due to its multi-target and multi-pathway treatment advantages.Zhengan Xifeng decoction which has the effects of calming the liver and extinguishing wind,nourishing yin and suppressing yang.Zhengan Xifeng decoction has a good effect on hypertension,and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of intestinal flora,modulation of gastrointestinal hormones,blockade of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system,inhibition of vascular remodeling,and improvement of insulin resistance.This paper systematically reviews the relevant research on Zhengan Xifeng decoction for the treatment of hypertension in recent years,in order to provide a reference for the further application of this prescription and subsequent related research.

Objective To observe the effects of Zhengan Xifeng decoction on bile acid-Takeda G protein-coupled receptor 5(TGR5)/Ras homolog(Rho)/Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase(ROCK)/agouti-related protein(AgRP)signaling pathway in spontaneously hypertensive rats(SHR).Methods Seventy SHR were randomly divided into the model group,control group(gavage administration of 0.5 mg·kg-1·d-1 amlodipine besylate tablets),experimental-L,-M,-H group(gavage administration of 8.630 x 103,1.725 × 104,3.450 × 104 mg·kg-1·d-1 Zhengan Xifeng decoction).Fifteen Wistar-Kyoto rats served as the normal group.The model and normal groups were given the same amount of distilled water.Six groups were treated for 8 weeks with once a day.The bile acid profiles of jejunum contents and colon contents were detected by ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry,and the expression levels of TGR5,Rho,ROCK and AgRP proteins in the hypothalamus were detected by Western blot.Results Compared with the normal,mode,control groups and experimental-L,-M,-H groups,the bile acid spectrum of jejunum contents was significantly changed,and 6 different bile acids were found,namely glycoursodeoxycholic acid,glycohyodeoxycholic acid,hyodeoxycholic acid,ursodeoxycholic acid,taurochenodeoxycholic acid and chenodeoxycholic acid.The bile acid spectrum of colon contents was significantly changed,and 4 different bile acids were found,namely deoxycholic acid,ursodeoxycholic acid,lithocholic acid and hyodeoxycholic acid.The relative expression levels of TGR5 protein in normal,model,control and experimental-M groups were 1.01±0.22,0.75±0.23,0.96±0.16 and 1.02±0.21;the relative expression levels of Rho protein were 0.81±0.14,0.58±0.19,0.83±0.27 and 0.94±0.24;the relative expression levels of ROCK protein were 0.99±0.27,0.65±0.13,1.07±0.22 and 1.06±0.24;the relative expression levels of AgRP protein were 0.98±0.33,1.46±0.45,0.83±0.25 and 0.95±0.33,respectively.Compared with the model group,the above indexes in the experimental-M group and the normal group showed significant differences(all P＜0.05).Conclusion Zhengan Xifeng decoction may suppress AgRP expression via bile acid-TGR5/Rho/ROCK/AgRP signaling pathway,to achieve the purpose of reducing blood pressure.

OBJECTIVES: To explore the possible mechanism of Shao's five-needle therapy pretreatment on relieving airway inflammatory response in asthmatic rats. METHODS: Forty SPF-grade SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, an acupuncture group, and a medication group, with 10 rats in each group. Except the blank group, asthma model was established by aerosol inhalation of ovalbumin in the other 3 groups. The rats in the acupuncture group were treated with acupuncture at "Dazhui" (GV 14) and bilateral "Feishu" (BL 13) and "Fengmen" (BL 12), with each session lasting for 20 min. Acupuncture was given before each motivating, once daily for 7 consecutive days. The rats in the medication group were treated with intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone sodium phosphate solution before each motivating, once daily for 7 days. General situation of the rats was observed in each group; ELISA method was used to detect the levels of inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 in serum; immunofluorescence staining method was performed to assess the expression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in lung tissues; Western blot method was used to measure the protein expression of thioredoxin interacting protein (TXNIP), NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3), apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a CARD (ASC), and Caspase-1 in lung tissues. RESULTS: The rats in the blank group exhibited normal behavior, while those in the model group showed signs of respiratory distress, ear scratching, cheek rubbing, and dysphoria. Compared with the model group, the rats in the acupuncture group and the medication group showed stable respiration and relatively agile responses. Compared with those in the blank group, the serum levels of IL-18 and IL-1β were elevated (P<0.01), the expression intensity of ROS was increased, and the protein expressions of TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 in lung tissues were increased (P<0.01) in the model group. Compared with those in the model group, the serum levels of IL-18 and IL-1β were reduced (P<0.01), the expression intensity of ROS was lowered, and the protein expressions of TXNIP, NLRP3, ASC and Caspase-1 in lung tissues were reduced (P<0.01) in the acupuncture group and the medication group. Compared with the medication group, the protein expression of ASC in lung tissue was reduced in the acupuncture group (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Pretreatment of Shao's five-needle therapy could alleviate airway inflammatory response in asthmatic rats by reducing ROS levels and decreasing the aggregation and activation of pathway-related proteins in the ROS/TXNIP/NLRP3 pathway, ultimately leading to decreased secretion of IL-1β and IL-18. This mechanism may contribute to the effectiveness of Shao's five-needle therapy in preventing and treating asthma.
Rats ; Animals ; NLR Family, Pyrin Domain-Containing 3 Protein/metabolism* ; Reactive Oxygen Species/metabolism* ; Interleukin-18/metabolism* ; NLR Proteins ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Asthma/metabolism* ; Caspases ; Cell Cycle Proteins