Objective To analyze the surveillance and investigation results of parasitic diseases in the Tongzhou district of Beijing from 2011 to 2022,and to provide scientific basis for formulating prevention and control measures.Methods Analyze the characteristics of parasitic diseases from the disease information reporting management system and epidemiological survey data.According to the Beijing Human Important Parasitic Diseases Investigation Plan,a stratified cluster sampling method was used to select survey points.The modified Kato-Katz method was used to detect worm eggs,and the anal tape test was used to detect Enterobius vermicularis eggs in children.Residents were randomly selected for the awareness questionnaire survey.Results From 2011 to 2022,there were 26 cases of parasitic diseases in the Tongzhou District of Beijing,including 21 cases of malaria,two cases of schistosomiasis,two cases of hydatidosis,and one case of Clonorchiasis sinensis,with an average incidence rate of 0.15/100000.All cases except C.sinensis infection were imported.In 2015,1 500 residents were surveyed,and the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes,C.sinensis,and other infections was 0.In 2019,1015 residents were surveyed,and the infection rate of soil-transmitted nematodes,C.sinensis,and other infections was 0.The resident questionnaire survey on diseases caused by soil-transmitted nematodes showed an awareness rate of 71.79％.A total of 379 resident questionnaire surveys on C.sinensis were completed,giving an awareness rate of 34.56％.The difference was statistically significant(x2=199.97,P＜0.05).Conclusion Parasitic cases in Tongzhou District,Beijing,are mainly imported from other regions or abroad,and the infection rate of major human parasitic diseases is relatively low.Residents had higher awareness of soil-transmitted nematode diseases and lower awareness of Clonorchiasis.The local risk of food-borne parasitic diseases is significant and targeted health education should be provided.With an increasing number of parasitic cases from other regions and abroad seeking medical services in Tongzhou District,prevention and control of parasitic diseases,such as education and surveillance,need to be emphasized.

The twenty-first century has already recorded more than ten major epidemics or pandemics of viral disease, including the devastating COVID-19. Novel effective antivirals with broad-spectrum coverage are urgently needed. Herein, we reported a novel broad-spectrum antiviral compound PAC5. Oral administration of PAC5 eliminated HBV cccDNA and reduced the large antigen load in distinct mouse models of HBV infection. Strikingly, oral administration of PAC5 in a hamster model of SARS-CoV-2 omicron (BA.1) infection significantly decreases viral loads and attenuates lung inflammation. Mechanistically, PAC5 binds to a pocket near Asp49 in the RNA recognition motif of hnRNPA2B1. PAC5-bound hnRNPA2B1 is extensively activated and translocated to the cytoplasm where it initiates the TBK1-IRF3 pathway, leading to the production of type I IFNs with antiviral activity. Our results indicate that PAC5 is a novel small-molecule agonist of hnRNPA2B1, which may have a role in dealing with emerging infectious diseases now and in the future.
Animals ; Mice ; Antiviral Agents/pharmacology* ; COVID-19 ; Hepatitis B virus ; Interferon Type I/metabolism* ; SARS-CoV-2/drug effects* ; Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group A-B/antagonists & inhibitors*

Background/Aims: Accumulating evidence indicates that L-carnitine (LC) protects against multiorgan damage through its antioxidant properties and preservation of the mitochondria. Little information is available about the effects of LC on renal fibrosis. This study examined whether LC treatment would provide renoprotection in a rat model of unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and in vitro. Methods: Sprague-Dawley rats that underwent UUO were treated daily with LC for 7 or 14 days. The influence of LC on renal injury caused by UUO was evaluated by histopathology, and analysis of gene expression, oxidative stress, mitochondrial function, programmed cell death, and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/ AKT/forkhead box protein O 1a (FoxO1a) signaling. In addition, H2O2-exposed human kidney cells (HK-2) were treated with LC. Results: LC treatment inhibited expression of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines, and was followed by a significant attenuation of tubulointerstitial inflammation and fibrosis. The increased oxidative stress caused by UUO was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction and excessive apoptosis and autophagy via PI3K/AKT/FoxO1a-dependent signaling, and this was abrogated by administration of LC. In H2O2-exposed HK-2 cells, LC decreased intracellular production of reactive oxygen species, and suppressed expression of profibrotic cytokines and reduced the number of apoptotic cells. Conclusions LC protects against the progression of tubulointerstitial fibrosis in an obstructed kidney.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Evidence suggests that Shen-Kang (SK), a traditional Chinese herbal medicine, protects against various types of renal injury. In this study, we evaluated whether SK treatment confers renoprotection in a rat model of chronic tacrolimus (TAC) nephropathy. METHODS: Rats were treated daily with TAC (1.5mg/kg, subcutaneously) and SK (450 mg/kg, intravenously) for 4 weeks. The effects of SK on TAC-induced renal injury were assessed by measuring renal function, urine albumin excretion, histopathology, inflammatory cell infiltration, expression of profibrotic (transforming growth factor β1 [TGF-β1] and TGF-β inducible gene-h3 [βig-h3]) and proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress, and apoptotic cell death. RESULTS: Administration of SK preserved glomerular integrity (fractional mesangial area and Wilms tumor 1-positive glomeruli), attenuated tubulointerstitial fibrosis, and reduced the number of ectodermal dysplasia 1-positive cells, and this was paralleled by improved urine albumin excretion and renal dysfunction. At the molecular level, SK treatment suppressed expression of TGF-β1/Smad2/3, βig-h3, and proinflammatory cytokines. Oxidative stress and apoptotic cell death were significantly decreased with SK treatment, and apoptosis-related genes were regulated toward cell survival (active caspase-3 and the B-cell lymphoma-2/Bcl2-associated X [Bcl-2/Bax] ratio). CONCLUSIONS SK protects against TAC-induced renal injury.

OBJECTIVETo provide basic information for epidemiological research of gastrointestinal (GI) malignant tumors.

METHODSData of GI cancer diagnosed in 15 hospitals of Heilongjiang province between January 1998 and December 2007 were analyzed retrospectively. The data mainly involved the age of onset, initial symptoms, pathological types, clinical staging and types of surgical procedure.

RESULTSGastric cancer was the most common type (45.8%) among the 33,540 GI cancer cases, then were rectal cancer (27.3%) and colon cancer (26.8%). Right colon cancer cases were more common than the left ones (1.3:1.0), particularly in people over 80 (2.1:1.0). Only 1.3% of colorectal cancer could be found in age under 30 years old. In patients aged 50 to 70, advanced gastric cancer accounted for 70.6%, advanced colon cancer 73.4% and advanced rectal cancer 72.4%. Well-moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma in early gastric cancer was 49.7%, early colon cancer 77.3% and rectal cancer 83.2%. Patients undergone radical excision in early gastric cancer accounted for 69.1%, advanced gastric cancer 79.9%, left colon cancer 91.9%, right colon cancer 83.9% and in rectal cancer for 88.3%.

CONCLUSIONSPeople aged 50 to 70 tend to get GI cancer in Heilongjiang province. Gastric cancer is the most common GI cancer. Radical excision is the main choice of therapy.

Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Colonic Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Female ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Humans ; Incidence ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rectal Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Distribution ; Stomach Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVEThe effect of vascular endothelial growth factor(165) (VEGF(165)) on intracellular free magnesium ([Mg(2+)](i)) and the relationship between Mg(2+) and angiogenesis in human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were investigated in this study.

METHODS[Mg(2+)](i) in HUVECs loaded with fluorescent magnesium indicator mag-fura-2 were quantitatively detected with the use of intracellular cation measurement system. HUVECs were obtained from normal fetus and cultured in M199 with 0.2 fetal bovine serum. The angiogenesis effects of VEGF(165) were observed in presence of 0 mmol/L, 1 mmol/L or 2 mmol/L of extracellular Mg(2+).

RESULTSVEGF(165) significantly increased [Mg(2+)](i) in a dose-dependent manner independent of extracellular Mg(2+), Na(+) and Ca(2+) and this effect could be blocked by pretreatment with VEGF(165) receptor-2 (KDR) inhibitor (SU1498). The angiogenesis induced by VEGF(165) was significantly inhibited cells with 0 mmol/L extracellular Mg(2+), the angiogenesis effects of VEGF(165) were similar in cells with 1 mmol/L and 2 mmol/L extracellular Mg(2+) and these effects could be blocked by SU1498.

CONCLUSIONSThese results suggest that the [Mg(2+)](i) increase induced by VEGF(165) originates from intracellular Mg(2+) pools and promotes angiogenesis via KDR-dependent signaling pathways.

Cations, Divalent ; Cells, Cultured ; Endothelial Cells ; metabolism ; Humans ; Magnesium ; metabolism ; Neovascularization, Physiologic ; Signal Transduction ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 ; metabolism

Cerebral complication after cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass varies widely focal neurologic deficit, stupor, coma, dementia, memory deficit, or seizures. The incidence of visual loss from ischemic optic neuropathy is from 0.06% to 0.113%. Visual loss is a rare but devastating complication of cardiac surgery. This report describes a patient who had reversible visual loss in postoperative period. She had undergone the decrease of bispectral index, cerebral oxygen saturation and the increase of suppression ratio during mitral valvuloplasty.
Cardiopulmonary Bypass ; Coma ; Delirium ; Dementia ; Humans ; Hypertensive Encephalopathy ; Incidence ; Memory Disorders ; Neurologic Manifestations ; Optic Neuropathy, Ischemic ; Oxygen* ; Postoperative Period* ; Seizures ; Stupor ; Thoracic Surgery

OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of Boschniakia rossica extract on free radicals in the brain of D-galactose induced senile rats. METHODS: Sixty Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group (48 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) D-galactose, SC), Boschniakia rossica group (100, 150, 200 mg/kg ig and 48 mg.kg(-1).d(-1) D-galactose, SC). After 40 days, the activities of SOD, MAO and the content of MDA were measured with colorimetric method, and the histological changes were synchronously observed by electronic microscope. RESULTS: Boschniakia rossica extract significantly increased the SOD activity, decreased the MDA content, and inhibited the MAO activity in the brain tissue. It was observed under microscope that Boschniakia rossica extract could retrieve the degeneration of mitochondrion. CONCLUSION: Boschniakia rossica extract can clear the free radicals for D-galactose induced senile rats.