The increasing prevalence of aging has led to a rising incidence of comorbidity of sarcopenia and obesity, posing significant burdens on socioeconomic and public health. Current research has systematically explored the pathogenesis of each condition; however, the mechanisms underlying their comorbidity remain unclear. This study reviews the current literature on sarcopenia and obesity in the aging population, focusing on their shared biological mechanisms, which include loss of autophagy, abnormal macrophage function, mitochondrial dysfunction, and reduced sex hormone secretion. It also identifies metabolic mechanisms such as insulin resistance, vitamin D metabolism abnormalities, dysregulation of iron metabolism, decreased levels of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, and gut microbiota imbalances. Additionally, this study also explores the important role of genetic factors, such as alleles and microRNAs, in the co-occurrence of sarcopenia and obesity. A better understanding of these mechanisms is vital for developing clinical interventions and preventive strategies.
Humans ; Sarcopenia/physiopathology* ; Obesity/physiopathology* ; Aging/physiology* ; Autophagy/physiology* ; Insulin Resistance ; Comorbidity ; Vitamin D/metabolism* ; Gonadal Steroid Hormones/metabolism* ; Gastrointestinal Microbiome ; Mitochondria ; MicroRNAs

This study aims to explore the medication rules and mechanisms of treating chronic renal failure(CRF) by Jinling medical school based on data mining, network pharmacology, and experimental validation systematically and deeply. Firstly, the study selected the papers published by the inherited clinicians in Jinling medical school in Chinese journals using the subject headings named "traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) + chronic renal failure", "TCM + chronic renal inefficiency", or "TCM + consumptive disease" in China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, and VIP Chinese Science and Technology Periodical Database and screened TCM formulas for treating CRF according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. The study analyzed the frequency of use of single TCM and the four properties, five tastes, channel tropism, and efficacy of TCM used with high frequency and performed association rule and clustering analysis, respectively. As a result, a total of 215 TCM formulas and 235 different single TCM were screened, respectively. The TCM used with high frequency included Astragali Radix, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Poria, and Atractylodis Macrocephalae Rhizoma(top 5). The single TCM characterized by "cold properties, sweet flavor, and restoring spleen channel" and the TCM with the efficacy of tonifying deficiency had the highest frequency of use, respectively. Then, the TCM with the rules of "blood-activating and stasis-removing" and "diuretic and dampness-penetrating" appeared. In addition, the core combination of TCM [(Hexin Formula, HXF)] included "Astragali Radix, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Poria, Salviae Miltiorrhizae Radix, and Angelicae Sinensis Radix". The network pharmacology analysis showed that HXF had 91 active compounds and 250 corresponding protein targets including prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2(PTGS2), PTGS1, sodium voltage-gated channel alpha subunit 5(SCN5A), cholinergic receptor muscarinic 1(CHRM1), and heat shock protein 90 alpha family class A member 1(HSP90AA1)(top 5). Gene Ontology(GO) function analysis revealed that the core targets of HXF predominantly affected biological processes, cellular components, and molecular functions such as positive regulation of transcription by ribonucleic acid polymerase Ⅱ and DNA template transcription, formation of cytosol, nucleus, and plasma membrane, and identical protein binding and enzyme binding. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) analysis revealed that CRF-related genes were involved in a variety of signaling pathways and cellular metabolic pathways, primarily involving "phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)-protein kinase B(Akt) pathway" and "advanced glycation end products-receptor for advanced glycation end products". Molecular docking results showed that the active components in HXF such as isomucronulatol 7-O-glucoside, betulinic acid, sitosterol, and przewaquinone B might be crucial in the treatment of CRF. Finally, a modified rat model with renal failure induced by adenine was used, and the in vivo experimental confirmation was performed based on the above-mentioned predictions. The results verify that HXF can regulate mitochondrial autophagy in the kidneys and the PI3K-Akt-mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling pathway activation at upstream, so as to alleviate renal tubulointerstitial fibrosis and then delay the progression of CRF.
Data Mining ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry* ; Network Pharmacology ; Humans ; Kidney Failure, Chronic/metabolism* ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; China

PURPOSE: Lateral patellar compression syndrome (LPCS) is characterized by a persistent abnormally high stress exerted on the lateral articular surface of the patella due to lateral patellar tilt without dislocation and lateral retinaculum contracture, leading to anterior knee pain. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and prognosis of lateral retinaculum release (LRR) combined with chondroplasty in the treatment of LPCS. METHODS: This retrospective study evaluated 40 patients who underwent LRR combined with chondroplasty for LPCS between 2020 and 2021. The assessment included improvement in postoperative tenderness and knee joint function. Patients were evaluated using the Lysholm, Tegner, and International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 scoring systems, as well as the visual analog scale, both preoperatively and postoperatively, with the paired comparisons analyzed using a t-test. Additionally, intraoperative observations were made regarding knee joint lesions, including cartilage damage and osteophyte formation, with analysis by the Chi-square test. RESULTS: The visual analog scale score for tenderness showed a significant decrease after surgery (p < 0.001). Evaluation of knee joint function also indicated significant improvements, as demonstrated by increased Lysholm, Tegner, and International Knee Documentation Committee 2000 scores postoperatively (p < 0.001, p = 0.011, p < 0.001, respectively). Furthermore, all LPCS patients included in the study presented with cartilage injuries and osteophyte formation. Significant differences were noted in the incidence of cartilage damage and osteophyte formation at different locations within the knee among patients with LPCS. CONCLUSION LRR combined with chondroplasty is an effective surgical approach for treating patients with LPCS, with satisfactory recovery observed at the 1-year follow-up. Additionally, the incidence of cartilage damage and osteophyte formation in LPCS patients varies significantly depending on the specific location within the knee joint.
Humans ; Male ; Female ; Retrospective Studies ; Adult ; Middle Aged ; Patella/surgery* ; Knee Joint/physiopathology* ; Recovery of Function ; Young Adult ; Treatment Outcome ; Cartilage, Articular/surgery* ; Adolescent

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the genetic causal relationship of leukocyte telomere length (LTL) with prostatitis, orchitis and epididymitis by two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). METHODS: Using LTL as the exposure factor and prostatitis, orchitis and epididymitis as outcome factors, we mined the Database of Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS). Then, we analyzed the causal relationship of LTL with prostatitis, orchitis and epididymitis by Mendelian randomization using inverse variance weighting (IVW) as the main method and weighted median and MR-Egger regression as auxiliary methods, determined the horizontal multiplicity by MR-Egger intercept test, and conducted sensitivity analysis using the leaving-one-out method. RESULTS: A total of 121 related single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in this study. IVW showed LTL to be a risk factor for prostatitis (OR = 1.383, 95% CI: 1.044－1.832, P = 0.024), and for orchitis and epididymitis as well (OR = 1.770, 95% CI: 1.275－2.456, P = 0.000 6). CONCLUSION Genetic evidence from Mendelian randomized analysis indicates that shortening of LTL reduces the risk of prostatitis, orchitis and epididymitis.
Humans ; Male ; Mendelian Randomization Analysis ; Epididymitis/genetics* ; Prostatitis/genetics* ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Leukocytes ; Orchitis/genetics* ; Genome-Wide Association Study ; Telomere ; Risk Factors

Acute lung injury (ALI) has been a kind of acute and severe disease that is mainly characterized by systemic uncontrolled inflammatory response to the production of huge amounts of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the lung tissue. Given the critical role of ROS in ALI, a Fe₃O₄ loaded bovine serum albumin (BSA) nanocluster (BF) was developed to act as a nanomedicine for the treatment of ALI. Combining with NIR irradiation, it exhibited excellent ROS scavenging capacity. Significantly, it also displayed the excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory functions for lipopolysaccharides (LPS) induced macrophages (RAW264.7), and Sprague Dawley rats via lowering intracellular ROS levels, reducing inflammatory factors expression levels, inducing macrophage M2 polarization, inhibiting NF-κB signaling pathway, increasing CD4⁺/CD8⁺ T cell ratios, as well as upregulating HSP70 and CD31 expression levels to reprogram redox homeostasis, reduce systemic inflammation, activate immunoregulation, and accelerate lung tissue repair, finally achieving the synergistic enhancement of ALI immunotherapy. It finally provides an effective therapeutic strategy of BF + NIR for the management of inflammation related diseases.

Clear aligner treatment is a novel technique in current orthodontic practice. Distinct from traditional fixed orthodontic appliances, clear aligners have different material features and biomechanical characteristics and treatment efficiencies, presenting new clinical challenges. Therefore, a comprehensive and systematic description of the key clinical aspects of clear aligner treatment is essential to enhance treatment efficacy and facilitate the advancement and wide adoption of this new technique. This expert consensus discusses case selection and grading of treatment difficulty, principle of clear aligner therapy, clinical procedures and potential complications, which are crucial to the clinical success of clear aligner treatment.
Humans ; Consensus ; Orthodontic Appliance Design ; Orthodontic Appliances, Removable ; Tooth Movement Techniques/methods* ; Malocclusion/therapy* ; Orthodontics, Corrective/instrumentation*

Objective:To investigate the effects of self-made Gujin Xiaoji Mixture combined with warming needle therapy on the clinical efficacy and immune function of patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with qi and yin deficiency syndrome.Methods:This experiment was a randomized controlled trial study. 180 patients with advanced NSCLC qi and yin deficiency syndrome in the oncology centre of Qingdao Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine were selected as the observation subjects from March 2021 to August 2022, and were divided into 2 groups using the random number table method, with 90 cases in each group. The control group received conventional chemotherapy combined with Sintilimab injection, 21 days as a cycle, with a total of 4 cycles of treatment; and the observation group received Gujin Xiaoji Mixture combined with warming needle therapy based on the control group, 7 days as one course of treatment, with a total of 12 courses. Both groups were followed up for 12 months. The TCM syndrome scores were performed before and after treatment. The functional assessment of cancer therapy-lung (FACT-L) was used to evaluate the quality of life of patients; flow cytometry was used to detect the levels of CD3 +, CD4 +, CD8 + and NK cell, and the CD4 +/CD8 + ratio was calculated; adverse drug reactions and progression free survival of patients during treatment were observed and recorded, the efficacy of TCM syndrome and objective efficacy of solid tumors were evaluated. Results:After treatment, the observation group's post-treatment TCM syndrome score (5.67±1.99 vs. 7.12±2.31, t=-4.53) was lower than that of the control group ( P<0.001); mobility (23.03±2.80 vs. 20.69±2.46, t=5.96), daily living (23.06±2.56 vs. 20.71± 2.33, t=6.42), emotional status (18.44±2.32 vs. 16.12±2.71, t=6.18), and other factors (33.14±4.11 vs. 27.39±4.64, t=8.81) and total score (97.68±7.23 vs. 84.91±7.49, t=11.64) were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01). In the observation group, after treatment, the levels of CD3 + [(65.14±6.06)% vs. (59.84±5.74)%, t=6.02], CD4 + [(40.09±4.09)% vs. (35.69±3.86)%, t=7.43], NK cell [(29.11±4.81)% vs. (22.38±4.51)%, t=9.68] and CD4 +/CD8 + [(1.52±0.27) vs. (1.14±0.12), t=12.63] were higher than those in the control group ( P<0.01), and CD8 + [(26.82±3.79)% vs. (31.76±4.65)%, t=-7.81] level was lower than that of the control group ( P<0.01). After treatment, the objective remission rate in the observation group was 7.8% (7/90), and the disease control rate was 87.8% (79/90), while the objective remission rate after treatment in the control group was 5.5% (5/90), and the disease control rate was 82.2% (74/90), and there were no statistical significance in the comparison of objective remission rate and disease control rate of the 2 groups ( χ2=0.09, 0.70, P=0.765, 0.407). The total effective rate after treatment was 62.2% (56/90) in the observation group and 34.4% (31/90) in the control group, and the difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant ( Z=-3.89, P<0.001). WBC [(4.27±1.12)×10 9/L vs. (3.84±1.11)×10 9/L, t=2.58] and haemoglobin [(119.93±17.25)g/L vs. (109.76±15.61)g/L, t=4.15] levels of the observation group were higher than those in the control group after treatment ( P<0.01). During follow-up, the median progression-free survival was 6.2 months in the observation group and 5.5 months in the control group patients, and the difference between the 2 groups was not statistically different ( t=0.11, P>0.05). Conclusion:The combination of Gujin Xiaoji Mixture with warming needle therapy can effectively improve the clinical symptoms of patients with advanced NSCLC with deficiency of qi and yin syndrome, improve the immunity and clinical efficacy of patients, alleviate the adverse effects of drugs, and prolong the progression-free survival period.

To explore the ideal pretarsal shows and morphological characteristics of double eyelids in Chinese populations through a morphometric analysis.

To explore the ideal pretarsal shows and morphological characteristics of double eyelids in Chinese populations through a morphometric analysis.

Objective:To explore the feasibility and safety of remote programming technology based on 5G cloud technology support platform in postoperative follow-up of cardiovascular implantable electronic devices(CIED).Methods:This study was a multicenter cross-sectional study. CIED patients from 12 hospitals lacking full-time follow-up specialists in Sichuan Province were enrolled from June 2021 to October 2021. All patients′ devices received remote inspecting and programming by the follow-up specialist of the remote follow-up center of the Third People′s Hospital of Chengdu through 5G cloud technology support platform. The baseline data, device alarm events, device reprogramming events, adverse reactions and satisfaction questionnaire survey results were collected.Results:A total of 195 CIED implantation patients were included, with an age of (72.5±11.3) years, including 103 males (52.6%). All patients completed remote inspecting and programming successfully, with a duration of (5.8±4.0) min. Ninety-one patients′ CIED were reprogrammed, with a total of 104 parameter adjustments. No abnormal communication or adverse events occurred. The satisfaction questionnaire showed that 97.9%(191/195) of the patients trusted or relatively trusted remote follow-up and 86.7%(169/195) of the patients were willing to choose remote follow-up mode for device management.Conclusion:The remote programming based on 5G cloud technology support platform may be feasible and safe for postoperative follow-up of CIED patients.