Body weight abnormalities, including overweight, obesity, and underweight, have become a dual public health challenge in Chinese adults: overweight and obesity lead to a variety of chronic complications, while underweight increases the risks of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and organ dysfunction. To systematically address these issues, multidisciplinary experts in endocrinology, sports science, nutrition, and psychiatry from various regions have held multiple weight management seminars. Based on the latest epidemiological data and clinical evidence, they expanded the guideline to include assessment and intervention strategies for underweight, in addition to the core content of obesity management. This guideline outlines the etiological mechanisms, evaluation methods, and multidimensional management strategies for overweight and obesity, covering key areas such as diagnosis and assessment, medical nutrition therapy, exercise prescription, pharmacological intervention, and psychological support. It is intended to provide a scientific and standardized approach to weight management across the adult population, aiming to curb the rising prevalence of obesity, mitigate complications associated with abnormal body weight, and improve nutritional status and overall quality of life.

This study was aimed at exploring novel auxiliary diagnostic biomarkers for brucellosis and their potential miR-NA-mRNA regulatory networks.High-throughput sequencing was used to compare miRNA expression differences in serum ex-osomes between patients with brucellosis and healthy controls.Subsequently,RT-qPCR was used to validate the expression of significantly upregulated exosomal miRNAs.The diagnostic value of these miRNAs was assessed with ROC curves,and bioin-formatics analyses were performed to investigate the potential roles of the miRNAs in brucellosis infection.The ROC curve a-nalysis indicated that the area under the curve for exosomal hsa-miR-11400(P＜0.05),hsa-miR-199a-5p(P＜0.05),and hsa-miR-148a-5p(P＜0.05)was 0.79,0.81,and 0.74,respectively.A total of 465 differentially expressed miRNAs and their tar-get genes were predicted,including 25 immune-related target genes,most of which were closely associated with cancer-related proteoglycans,NF-kappa B signaling pathways,and IL-17 signaling pathways.The constructed differentially expressed gene network indicated that the immune genes PLXNA2,IL17RA,PRKCA,CD22,ACVR1B,and CBL might be regulated by hsa-miR-199a-5p and hsa-miR-148a-5p.These findings suggest that exosomal miRNAs might serve as auxiliary diagnostic indicators for brucellosis.Our exosomal miRNA-mRNA regulatory network provides new insights into the pathogenesis and treatment of brucellosis.

This study was aimed at identifying the pathogenic bacteria responsible for the death of a young tiger at the Fujian Meihua Mountain South China Tiger Breeding Research Institute.Tissue samples from the lungs,liver,and intestines of the deceased tiger were collected,and the bacteria were cultured inasterile environment.The bacterial strains were characterized according to their morphological and molecular biological properties,including assessment of virulence genes and antibiotic resistance genes,mouse lethality tests,and antibiotic susceptibility evaluations.A predominant bacterial strain isolated from the liver of the deceased tiger was identified as enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli(ETEC)strain Tiger22513F.Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene revealed that the Tiger22513F strain exhibited close genetic similarity to the reference strain ETEC(MF919609.1),with 99.9%nucleotide similarity,and resided on the same evolutionary branch.The Tiger22513F strain contained 11 antibiotic resistance genes(tetA,sul1,sul3,cmlA,floR,blaTEM,blaSHV,blaCMY-2,qnrA,qnrS,and qnrD)along with five virulence genes(VT1,fyuA,tsh,iucD,and ST).Mouse lethality tests indicated significant pathogenicity toward mice,affecting primarily the lungs,liver,and intestines.Antibiotic susceptibility testing demonstrated that this strain exhibited resistance to various classes of beta-lactam antibiotics,as well as quinolones and aminoglycosides.This investigation successfully isolated a multi-drug resistant enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strain with pronounced pathogenicity from the liver of a deceased tiger;thus providing valuable scientific insights for clinical diagnosis,as well as prevention and control measures,against ETEC infections in South China tigers.

Objective To evaluate the subchronic systemic toxicity of disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets using hydroxyethyl starch(HES)130/0.4 sodium chloride injection as an extraction medium.Methods Firstly,40 Sprague Dawley(SD)rats including 20 male and 20 female ones were seleted and randomly enrolled into a sample group and a control group by sex,with 20 ones in each group.Secondly,instead of plasma HES 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection was used to leach disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets to prepare the test solution by simulating clinical application such as lighting,adsorption and filtration and storage.Finally,the test solution and HES 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection were injected into the tail vein of the SD rats at a dose of 20 mL/kg for 28 d in the sample group and in the control group respectively,and the subchronic systemic toxicity of disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets and the feasibility of using HES 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection as the extraction medium to assess their subchronic systemic toxicity were evaluated with clinical observation,body mass monitoring,clinical pathology examination,gross necropsy and histopathology examination.Results The sample group and control group had no significant differences in mortality rates,clinical observation results,body mass,gross necropsy results,hematological and coagulation examination results and organ weight(all P>0.05);blood biochemical examinations showed the male rats in the sample group had the cholesterol(CHO)values higher while the creatinine(CR)values lower than those in the control group,with the differences being statistically significant(both P<0.05)and the two indexes within the range of the laboratory's historical reference data,and other blood biochemical indexes were not significantly different(all P>0.05);the sample group had the spleen weight-to-body mass ratios of the female rates lower significantly than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the ratios of other organ weight to body mass had significant differences(all P>0.05);histopathology examination showed slight pathological changes in liver,spleen and kidney of female rats and in spleen and kidney of male rats in the sample group,and the female and male rats in the control group had similar pathological changes found in the sample group,which might be caused by HES metabolites.Conclusion Disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets prove to have no significant subchronic systemic toxicity,and its feasible to use HES 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection as the extraction medium to evaluate the subchronic systemic toxicity of disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(10):29-35]

Objective To explore the distribution law of TCM syndromes in children with severe mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(SMPP)based on factor analysis and clustering analysis;To provide references for accurately identifying this disease.Methods General data,symptoms,signs and tongue and pulse were retrospectively collected from 408 children with SMPP who were hospitalized in the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Beijing Children's Hospital,Capital Medical University between September 2019 and November 2023.The relevant clinical information was extracted and entered into the Excel 2019 database,and SPSS 27.0 was used to perform factor analysis.The sample of 408 cases was subjected to K-means clustering analysis,and finally,the distribution of TCM syndromes was derived.Results Factor analysis screened five common factors with eigenvalue>1,and its cumulative contribution rate was 63.063%;clustering analysis co-classified four types of syndromes,among which phlegm-heat-closure lung syndrome,toxic-heat-closure lung syndrome,lung-spleen-qi deficiency syndrome and healthy qi deficiency and pathogens attachment syndrome accounted for 39.22%,32.35%,15.20%and 12.75%,respectively.Conclusion Pediatric SMPP is characterized by toxic heat,qi deficiency,phlegm-heat,damp-heat and yin deficiency,and the disease is located in lungs,spleen and heart;TCM syndromes are characterized by phlegm-heat-closure lung,toxic-heat-closure lung,healthy qi deficiency and pathogens attachment and lung-spleen-qi deficiency,with phlegm-heat-closure lung syndrome and toxic-heat-closure lung syndrome being the most common syndromes.

Objective To explore the imaging manifestations of Rosai-Dorfman disease(RDD)in children.Methods A total of 12 children with RDD confirmed by pathology were retrospectively enrolled,including 8 cases underwent non-contrast CT(NCCT)+contrast enhanced CT(CECT),2 cases underwent NCCT+CECT+non-contrast MR(NCMR)+contrast enhanced MR(CEMR),1 case underwent NCCT+NCMR and CEMR,while 1 case underwent NCCT and X-ray examinations.Imaging manifestations of RDD in children were observed.Results Among 12 cases,intranodal type RDD was found in 7 case,extranodal type RDD in 3 cases,and mixed type(with both lymph nodes and extranodal sites affected)RDD were noticed in 2 cases.In 7 cases of intranodal type RDD,NCCT and CECT showed multiple lymph node enlargements in both sides of the neck,with uniform isodensity on NCCT and mild-moderate progressive enhancement in 5 cases,while with low-density necrotic area and ring-shaped enhancement in 2 cases.Among 3 cases of extranodal RDD,the lesion in 1 case involved nasal cavity and posterior group of ethmoid sinuses on CT and MRI,which developed circular soft tissue mass centered on nasal septum with moderate heterogeneous enhancement,also compressed the adjacent bone with destruction.In another case of extranodal RDD,CT showed that the lesion involved left ilium and bilateral parietal bones,with bone destruction accompanied by obvious periosteal reaction and soft tissue mass,which was mildly enhanced.In the rest 1 case of extranodal RDD,CT and X-ray film showed that the lesion involved the upper segment of right femur and left parietal bone,with osteolytic destruction accompanied by layered periosteal reaction.The lesions in both 2 cases of mixed type RDD involved brain(1 case involved left parieto-occipital lobe,1 case involved bilateral temporal lobes,left frontal lobe and bilateral occipital lobes),presented as isodensity on CT and equal or slightly low signal intensity on T 1WI,equal-high mixed signal intensity on T2WI,some shaped like brain gyral with mild edema of surrounding tissue,and nodular or mass-like significant enhancement.RDD involvements of bilateral lung,mediastinum and hilar lymph nodes were also observed in the above 2 cases,chest CT showed multiple nodular or small patchy uniform high-density shadows in bilateral lungs,as well as enlarged mediastinum and hilar lymph nodes.Conclusion Imaging manifestations of pediatric RDD had certain specificity,being helpful to diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the geographical distribution patterns and influencing factors of suitable habitats for the desert medicinal plant Cynomorium songaricum Rupr under current climatic conditions;To provide a basis for its resource conservation and sustainable utilization.Methods The MaxEnt model was used to analyze potential suitable habitats for Cynomorium songaricum Rupr.Geographical Detector model was used to identify key environmental factors affecting habitat suitability.Surface cover data were overlaid to assess the distribution of sandy and Gobi regions within suitable habitats,enabling a quantitative evaluation of actual potential suitable areas.Results Model predictions indicated a total suitable habitat area of approximately 2.98×106 km2,representing 30.99%of China's mainland area.Highly suitable habitats are concentrated in desert and Gobi regions of Gansu,Xinjiang,Inner Mongolia,Qinghai and Ningxia.Among climatic factors,precipitation of the coldest quarter(bio19),solar radiation in August(srad8),and mean temperature of the coldest quarter(bio11)significantly influence Cynomorium songaricum Rupr distribution.The interaction between temperature and solar radiation intensity exhibited the highest explanatory power for habitat distribution patterns(q=0.82).Overlay analysis with surface cover data estimated the actual potential suitable area at approximately 9.70×105 km2,with sandy regions comprising 5.73×105 km2 and Gobi regions 3.98×105 km2.Conclusion By integrating multi-source data and modeling approaches,this study delineates the potential suitable habitats for Cynomorium songaricum Rupr across China and evaluates the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of suitable habitats in Cynomorium songaricum Rupr.These findings offer a foundation for conserving wild Cynomorium songaricum Rupr resources,optimizing ecological planting regions,and promoting sustainable industry development.

Objective To analyze the correlation between right atrial strain at various stages and various influencing factors in patients with pulmonary hypertension,and to explore the role of right atrial strain in the assessment of pulmonary hypertension.Methods A total of 239 cases diagnosed with pulmonary hypertension who underwent echocardiography and complete right heart catheterization at hospital from October 2021 to December 2023 were included.Conventional ultrasound parameters such as right heart strain,right atrial area(RA area),inferior vena cava diameter(IVC diameter),and collapse rate of the inferior vena cava(IVC diameter changes)were measured.The heart rate(HR)corresponding to the ultrasound images were recorded.General information such as age and gender,as well as catheter data including mean right atrial pressure(mRAP),mean pulmonary artery pressure(mPAP),and pulmonary vascular resistance(PVR),were collected.The relationship between right atrial strain and its influencing factors was analyzed,and further analysis was conducted by dividing into shunt group and non-shunt group based on the presence or absence of left-to-right shunt disease.Results The correlation with RA reservoir strain(RASr)from high to low is RV global strain(RV4CSL),RV free wall strain(RVFWSL),RA area,IVC diameter,mRAP,age,HR,and PVR;the correlation with RAconduit strain(RAScd)from high to low is RV4CSL,RVFWSL,RA area,IVC diameter,mRAP,age,PVR,and HR;the correlation with RA contraction strain(RASct)from high to low is RA area,RV4CSL,RVFWSL,mRAP,IVC diameter,and HR.The collapse rate of the inferior vena cava is correlated with strain at various stages of the right atrium;gender is correlated with RASr and RASct.Conclusions Right atrial strain can reflect changes in right atrial function,with the highest correlation to right ventricular strain and right atrial area.Right atrial strain can indicate the severity of right ventricular function and right atrial remodeling,serving as an evaluative index for the condition and treatment outcomes of pulmonary arterial hypertension.

Objective To evaluate the subchronic systemic toxicity of disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets using hydroxyethyl starch(HES)130/0.4 sodium chloride injection as an extraction medium.Methods Firstly,40 Sprague Dawley(SD)rats including 20 male and 20 female ones were seleted and randomly enrolled into a sample group and a control group by sex,with 20 ones in each group.Secondly,instead of plasma HES 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection was used to leach disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets to prepare the test solution by simulating clinical application such as lighting,adsorption and filtration and storage.Finally,the test solution and HES 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection were injected into the tail vein of the SD rats at a dose of 20 mL/kg for 28 d in the sample group and in the control group respectively,and the subchronic systemic toxicity of disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets and the feasibility of using HES 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection as the extraction medium to assess their subchronic systemic toxicity were evaluated with clinical observation,body mass monitoring,clinical pathology examination,gross necropsy and histopathology examination.Results The sample group and control group had no significant differences in mortality rates,clinical observation results,body mass,gross necropsy results,hematological and coagulation examination results and organ weight(all P>0.05);blood biochemical examinations showed the male rats in the sample group had the cholesterol(CHO)values higher while the creatinine(CR)values lower than those in the control group,with the differences being statistically significant(both P<0.05)and the two indexes within the range of the laboratory's historical reference data,and other blood biochemical indexes were not significantly different(all P>0.05);the sample group had the spleen weight-to-body mass ratios of the female rates lower significantly than those in the control group(P<0.05),and the ratios of other organ weight to body mass had significant differences(all P>0.05);histopathology examination showed slight pathological changes in liver,spleen and kidney of female rats and in spleen and kidney of male rats in the sample group,and the female and male rats in the control group had similar pathological changes found in the sample group,which might be caused by HES metabolites.Conclusion Disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets prove to have no significant subchronic systemic toxicity,and its feasible to use HES 130/0.4 sodium chloride injection as the extraction medium to evaluate the subchronic systemic toxicity of disposable plasma virus-inactivated blood transfusion sets.[Chinese Medical Equipment Journal,2025,46(10):29-35]

Objective To establish a rapid,sensitive,and specific multiplex PCR detection method for the simultaneous detection of Cryptosporidium,Eimeria,and bovine parvovirus.Methods Specific primers targeting the SSU rRNA genes of Cryptosporidium and Eimeria,as well as the VP2 gene of bovine parvovirus were designed and the corresponding recombinant plasmid standards were constructed.To establish the multiplex PCR method,the reaction conditions were optimized using temperature gradient PCR and single-variable control methods.The sensitivity,specificity,reproducibility,and clinical application of the protocol were evaluated.Results The optimal annealing temperature was found to be 60.5℃,and the forward and reverse primer concentrations were determined to be 0.2 μmol/L for Eimeria,and 0.4 μmol/L for Cryptosporidium and bovine parvovirus.The assay demonstrated high sensitivity,with detection limits of 243,260,and 3 110 copies for the recombinant plasmid standards of Cryptosporidium,Eimeria,and bovine parvovirus,respectively.Specificity testing showed no cross-reactivity with ten common bovine pathogens,including Salmonella,bovine viral diarrhea virus,and bovine rotavirus.Consistent intra-and inter-batch results confirmed the strong reproducibility of the method.Clinical application to 81 diarrhea samples from various regions in the Ganzi Prefecture,Sichuan,revealed positivity rates of 18.52%(15/81)for Cryptosporidium,34.57%(28/81)for Eimeria,and 18.52%(15/81)forbovineparvovirus,withamixedinfectionrateof3.7%(3/81).Conclusions Themultiplex PCR method established in this study offers a reliable tool for differential diagnosis and epidemiological investigation of the three common diarrheal pathogens in yaks.