AIM:To investigate the role of SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis in pancreatic cancer cell migration and invasion.METHODS:The mRNA expression of CXCR4 in 4 pancreatic cancer cell lines was detected by RT-qPCR.The migration and invasion abilities of PANC-1 cells with the axis activated by exogenous SDF-1αor inhibited by CXCR4 inhibitor AMD3100 were detected by Transwell assays.The cell viability was measured by MTS assay.The protein expression of the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) -related molecules in the cells treated with exogenous SDF-1αor AMD3100 was determined by Western blot.RESULTS:All of the 4 pancreatic cancer cell lines expressed CXCR4 mRNA, while the PANC-1 cell line expressed the most.Exogenous SDF-1αpromoted the migration and invasion abilities of PANC-1 cells, which was inhibited by AMD3100.The PANC-1 cells treated with exogenous SDF-1αfor 72 h grew faster, while SDF-1αcombined with AMD3100 made little significance to the viability of PANC-1 cells.Exogenous SDF-1αinduced EMT of PANC-1 cells by up-regulating the expression of SNAIL and TWIST, and AMD3100 reversed this effect.CONCLUSION:SDF-1α/CXCR4 axis enhances the migration and invasion abilities of pancreatic cancer cells through inducing EMT.

Objective :To compare short-term and midterm therapeutic effect between sirolimus-eluting stent implan-tation (SES-PCI) and coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) in aged patients with coronary heart disease (CHD) and multi-vessel coronary disease (MVD).Methods : Aged MVD patients undergoing selective revascularization were en-rolled and divided into CABG group (n＝301) and SES-PCI group (n＝289).Major adverse cardio-and cerebrovas-cular events (MACCE) were followed up for 30d ,one ,two and five years .Logistic multi-factor regression was used to analyze independent risk factors for different therapeutic methods .Results : Compared with CABG group after 30d follow-up ,there was significant reduction in all-cause mortality (6-3% vs.2-8%) and significant rise in a sec-ond revascularization rate (RVR ,1-3% vs.8-3%) in SES-PCI group , P＜0-05 or ＜0-01 ;compared with CABG group during one ,two and five-year follow up ,there were significant reductions in all-cause mortality [one year :(11-6% vs.4-8%) ,five years :(23-3% vs.12-1%)] and incidence rate of cerebrovascular accidents [one year :(8-6% vs .3-5%) ,five years :(18-3% vs.6-9%)] ,and significant rise in incidence rate of non-fatal myocardial infarction [one year :(6-6% vs.11-8%) ,five years :(12-0% vs.24-9%)] and a second RVR [one year :(3-0%vs.16-3%) ,five years :(9-3% vs.24-6%)] in SES-PCI group , P＜0-05 or ＜0-01- Logistic multi-factor regres-sion analysis indicated that DM and EH were independent risk factors for SES-PCI (OR＝ 45-772 ,13-218 , P＝0-001 both) ,while peripheral vascular disease was independent protective factor for SES-PCI (OR＝ 0-007 , P＝0-001).Conclusion : Compared with CABG ,there are significant reductions in short-term and midterm all-cause mortality ,and significant rise in a second RVR in MVD patients undergoing PCI .

To compare short‐and mid‐term therapeutic effect on aged patients with multi‐vessel coronary disease between minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MIDCAB) and coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG).Methods : A total of 72 patients with multi‐vessel disease , who were suitable for MIDCAB from 2016 to 2018 , were regarded as MIDCAB group .Another 96 patients with multi‐vessel disease , who were not suitable for MIDCAB , were enrolled as CABG group (received selective on‐pump CABG).Clinical data and incidence of major adverse cardio‐ and cerebrovascular events (MACCE ) within two‐year follow‐up were compared between two groups.Results : Men percentage of MIDCAB group was significantly higher than that of CABG group (83. 3% vs. 67. 7%, P＝0.022) ; compared with CABG group , there were significant reductions in percentages of left anterior descending proximal lesions (61.5% vs.34.7%) and chronic total occlusion disease (57.3% vs.34. 7%) in MID‐CAB group ( P＜0. 01 both) , there were no significant difference in other indexes between two groups , P＞ 0. 05 all.All subjects were followed up for two years , follow‐up rate was 90. 5% .There were no significant difference in incidence rates of all‐cause death and MACCE between two groups , P＞0.05 all.Conclusion : There is no signifi‐cant difference in incidence rate of short‐and mid‐term events between CABG and MIDCAB in patients with multi‐vessel coronary disease .MIDCAB is recommended for proper patients in clinic .

OBJECTIVE: To assess the 10-year Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) risk score among adults in eastern China using the China-PAR equation which formulated primarily for the Chinese population. METHODS: Data from 72,129 individuals from 35-74 years old who received routine physical examinations in eastern China were analyzed in this study. The 10-year risk scores were calculated using the China-PAR equation. The chi-square test and logistic regression were then performed to evaluate the association between the selected risk factors and overall CVD risk. RESULTS: The mean 10-year ASCVD risk scores were 3.82% ± 3.76% in men and 1.30% ± 1.65% in women based on the China-PAR equation. Overall, 20% of men and 3.5% of women were intermediate-risk, and 7.3% of men and 0.3% of women were high-risk. Waist to hip ratio (WHR) [OR = 1.16 (CI 95% = 1.06-1.26)], waist to height ratio (WHtR) [OR = 1.16 (CI 95% = 1.05-1.28)], non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) [OR = 1.23 (CI 95% = 1.09-1.39)], and total cholesterol (TC)/HDL-C [OR = 1.68 (CI 95% = 1.46-1.94)] were more strongly associated with CVD risk than body-mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and TC alone. CONCLUSION Male-specific prevention and treatment strategies for ASCVD are needed in eastern China. In addition, WHR, WHtR, non-HDL-C, and TC/HDL-C which not included in the the China-PAR equation were also independently associated with 10-year ASCVD risk score categories.
Adult ; Aged ; Algorithms ; Atherosclerosis ; epidemiology ; China ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Physical Examination ; Risk Factors

To investigate the effects of essential oil from three kinds of pungent herbs,namely Menthae Haplocalycis Herba,Atractylodis Rhizoma and Cnidii Fructus,on the transdermal absorption in vitro of alkaloids from Sophorae Flavescentis Radix. The modified vertical Franz diffusion cell was used to conduct a transdermal experiment in vitro with the isolated abdominal skin of the SD rats as the transdermal absorption barrier. The effects of such three kinds of pungent essential oil on percutaneous absorption of alkaloids from Sophorae Flavescentis Radix were investigated by determining the content of 6 alkaloids( oxymatrine,oxysophocarpine,N-methylcytisine,sophoridine,matrine,and sophocarpidine) in the transdermal acceptor with ultra-performance liquid chromatography-triple quadruple mass spectrometry( UPLC-TQ-MS) technique simultaneously. With enhancement ratio( ER) as the index,their effects on promoting penetration was as follows: 1% Atractylodis Rhizoma oil > 1% Cnidii Fructus oil > 3% Azone ≈ 3% Atractylodis Rhizoma oil > 5%Atractylodis Rhizoma oil > 3% Cnidii Fructus oil ≈ 5% Cnidii Fructus oil > 3% Menthae Haplocalycis Herba oil > 5% Menthae Haplocalycis Herba oil > 1% Menthae Haplocalycis Herba oil > Blank. The results showed that these three kinds of pungent essential oil could be used as enhancers for alkaloids of Sophorae Flavescentis Radix,providing scientific guidance for improving percutaneous absorption of alkaloids from Sophorae Flavescentis Radix.
Alkaloids ; metabolism ; Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; metabolism ; Oils, Volatile ; pharmacology ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Skin Absorption ; Sophora ; chemistry

Objective To explore the relationship between sleep duration and different ischemic stroke (IS) subtypes. Methods Participants in the study were recruited from rural communities in Beijing. The survey questionnaires, physical examination and biochemical tests were performed. Sleep duration was categorized into 5 groups, namely ≤5 hours/day, 6 hours/day (5.5-6.5 h/d), 7 hours/day (6.5-7.5 h/d), 8 hours/day (7.5-8.5 h/d) and ≥9 hours/day(≥8.5 h/d). Classification of ischemic stroke was based on Trial of org 10172 in acute stroke treatment(TOAST)classification. Logistic models were used to evaluate the associations between sleep duration and different IS subtypes. Results A total of 6 370 participants were recruited. The average age was (58.34±9.37) years old. Logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for age, sex, behavioral lifestyle, socioeconomic status and health status, compared to subjects with 7 hours/day, subjects with sleep duration ≤5 hours/day was significantly associated with increased risk of IS (OR=1.75, 95% CI: 1.42-2.15, P<0.001), large-artery atherosclerosis (OR=1.98, 95% CI:1.46-2.70, P<0.001), small-artery occlusion lacunar (OR=5.73, 95% CI:3.34-9.83, P<0.001) and stroke of undetermined etiology (OR=4.43, 95% CI:1.86-10.53, P=0.001). Subjects with sleep duration 8 hours/day and ≥9 hours/day was only found to be significantly associated with IS and large-artery atherosclerosis (P<0.05). Conclusions Short sleep duration is associated with increased risk of IS, large-artery atherosclerosis, small-artery occlusion lacunar and stroke of undetermined etiology. But long sleep duration is only associated with increased risk of IS and large-artery atherosclerosis.

Objective The aim of this study was to investigate associations of overall obesity (OO) and abdominal obesity (AO) with brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV) among type 2 diabetes(T2DM) patients. Methods A community-based study for T2DM patients was conducted in rural communities in Beijing．Every patient completed a questionnaire to collect demography, lifestyle and diseases history, and underwent physical examinations, baPWV assessments and blood biochemical tests. Multivariate linear regression was used to assess the relationship between obesity index and baPWV. Abnormal baPWV was defined as patients with baPWV≥1,700 cm/s. Logistic regression model was performed to explore the risk of abnormal baPWV after adjusting for poetential confounders step by step. Results A total of 2 048 T2DM patients were recruited. The average age was (59.2±8.3) years and total prevalence of abnormal baPWV was 49.7%. After multivariable adjustment, linear regression showed that there was a negative correlation between body mass index(BMI) and baPWV and a positive correlation between waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) and baPWV. Compared to normal weight group, those with BMI≥28 kg/m2 had lower risk of abnormal baPWV (OR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.44-0.78，P<0.001), but there was an increased risk of 46% among patients with obesity in WHR (OR=1.46, 95% CI:1.07-2.00，P=0.018). Compared to those without OO and AO, patients without OO but with AO had a 1.67-fold increasesd risk of abnormal baPWV (OR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.19-2.35，P=0.003). Conclusions Abdominal obesity is related with arterial stiffnening among T2DM patients, and it is critical to evaluate arterial stiffness of T2DM patients with abdmonal obesity and normal BMI in order to reduce future risk of cardiovascular diseases.

A simple and sensitive method for simultaneous determination of 12 kinds of residual solvents in a new drug CBT108 was established and validated by headspace gas chromatographic technology. The rationality,accuracy and feasibility of the analytical method were verified. Under the optimized conditions, simultaneous separation and determination of 12 kinds of residual solvents, including methanol, ethanol, ether, acetone, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, n-hexane, ethyl acetate, tetrahydrofuran, heptane, toluene and carbon tetrachloride was carried out by using a DB624 capillary column(30 m×0.53 mm×3.0 μm) for separation, a flame ionization detector for detection and internal standard method for quantitation. Good linearity was obtained for 12 solvents with the correlation coefficients(R2) of more than 0.997. The limits of quantitation and detection were defined at S/N=3 and S/N=10,respectively. LOQ and LOD for 12 solvents were given as 0.024 μg/mL and 0.0072 μg/mL for methanol,0.1 μg/mL and 0.012 μg/mL for ethanol, 0.01 μg/mL and 0.005 μg/mL for ether, 0.1 μg/mL and 0.008 μg/mL for acetone, 1.025 μg/mL and 0.0615 μg/mL for acetonitrile, 0. 09 μg/mL and 0. 06 μg/mL for dichloromethane, 0. 09 μg/mL and 0.06 μg/mL for n-hexane, 0. 25 μg/mL and 0. 008 μg/mL for ethyl acetate, 0. 108 μg/mL and 0.014 μg/mL for tetrahydrofuran,0.16 μg/mL and 0.0004 μg/mL for carbon tetrachloride,0.0075 μg/mL and 0.005 μg/mL for heptane, and 0.0445 μg/mL and 0.0014 μg/mL for toluene. The adding standards recoveries for 12 residual solvents at three spiked levels were in the range of 90.96%-108.67%,with relative standard deviations of 0.1%-5.7%. This simple,high accuracy and good repeatability method is feasible for rapidly determination of 12 residual solvents in drug candidate CBT108. Meanwhile, this simple method provides a consulted value for detection of residual solvents in other medicines.

Objective To explore the effect of endogenous sulfur dioxide (SO2)on the apoptosis induced by cobalt chloride (CoCl2)in the human pulmonary arterial endothelial cells (HPAECs).Methods CoCl2was used in the primary HPAECs to mimize hypoxia-induced cell apoptosis.The aspartate aminotransferase 1(AAT1),and the key enzyme generating endogenous SO2 were over -expressed by transfecting HPAECs with lentivirus containing AAT1 cDNA.HPAECs were divided into 4 groups:vehicle group,vehicle + CoCl2 group,AAT1 group and AAT1 + CoCl2 group.The expressions of AAT1,B-cell lymphoma-2 (bcl-2),bcl-associated X protein (bax),Caspase-3 and activated Caspase-3 (cleaved Caspase-3)in the HPAECs were measured by Western blot.The AAT activity was assessed with colorimetry method.The SO2 content in the HPAECs was in situ observed by SO2-specific fluorescent probe.The HPAECs apoptosis was investigated by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL)assay.Results There were significant differences in the endogenous SO2 content,the expre-ssions of AAT1 and bcl-2,and the ratio of cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3 among 4 groups of HPAECs were (F＝147.364,23.738,6.521,64.884,all P＜0.05).However,there was no difference in the expression of bax among 4 groups of HPAECs (F＝1.620,P＞0.05).Compared with vehicle group,AAT activity [(0.96 ± 0.24)Carmen's unit/μg vs.(2.21 ± 0. 60)Carmen's unit/μg],endogenous SO2 content (40.71 ± 7.72 vs.105.60 ± 16.20)and bcl-2 expression (0.59 ± 0.19 vs.1.02 ± 0.20)in the HPAECs of vehicle +CoCl2 group were significantly de-creased,while the cell apoptosis assessed by TUNEL and the ratio of cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3 (1.56 ± 0.25 vs.0.95 ± 0.13)were significantly increased (all P＜0.05).However,there were no differences in the expression of AAT1 (0. 50 ± 0.12 vs.0.53 ± 0.11)in the HPAECs between vehicle group and vehicle+CoCl2 group (P＞0.05). The SO2 content (351.50 ± 42.43 vs.105.60 ± 16.20)and AAT1 expression (1.22 ± 0.33 vs.0.53 ± 0.11)in the HPAECs of AAT1 group were higher than those of vehicle group (all P ＜0. 05 ). Compared with AAT1 group, endogenous SO2content (333.50 ± 46.22 vs.351.50 ± 42.43)and the expression of AAT1 (1.26 ± 0.36 vs.1.22 ± 0.33)and bcl-2 (1.14 ± 0.38 vs.1.03 ± 0.27)in the HPAECs of AAT1 +CoCl2group did not change (all P＞0. 05).Moreover,no difference was observed in the HPAECs apoptosis assessed by TUNEL and the ratio of cleaved Caspase-3/Caspase-3 (0.51 ± 0.17 vs.0.50 ± 0.11)between the two AAT1 -overexpressed groups (all P ＞0. 05).Conclusion Endo-genous SO2inhibited the hypoxic HPAECs apoptosis stimulated by the treatment of CoCl2.

Objective To explore the effect of different concentrations of endothelin-1 (ET-1)on the en-dogenous nitric oxide (NO)and hydrogen sulfide (H2S)pathways of vascular smooth muscle cells (A7r5 cell lines)in rats.Methods A7r5 cell lines were divided into the control group and the experimental group.ET-1 at a concentra-tion of 10 -8-10 -6 mol/L was added into the experimental group,and as for the control group,the same volume of sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS)buffer solution was added.The content of NO and H2S in A7r5 cell lines was detected by fluorescent NO probe and H2S probe after ET-1 stimulation for 48 h,respectively.The content of NO in the supernatant was measured by NO assay kit at 48 h of the incubation.The content of H2S in the supernatant was measured by polarographic H2S sensor at 48 h of the incubation. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase (NOS2),endothelial nitric oxide synthase (NOS3),cystathionine -γ -lyase (CSE),cystathionine -β -synthase (CBS)and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA)were detected by the Western blot method.Results The rela-tive fluorescence intensity of the content of NO in the A7r5 cell lines of ET-1 10 -8,10 -7 and 10 -6mol/L groups (0. 078 ± 0. 080,0.075 ± 0.002,0.056 ± 0.009)was markedly lower than that in the control group(0.094 ± 0. 061), and the differences were statistically significant(F＝15.248,P＜0.05);Compared with the control group[(2. 131 ± 0. 484)μmol/L],the content of NO in the supernatant of the experimental groups [(1.391 ± 0.134 )μmol/L, (1.219 ± 0. 280)μmol/L,(1.116 ± 0.181)μmol/L]was significantly decreased,and the differences were statistically significant(F＝20.833,P＜0.01);NOS2 protein expression(0.457 ± 0.097,0.462 ± 0.116,0.438 ± 0.180)was decreased markedly compared with that of the control group(0.721 ± 0.222),and the differences were statistically sig-nificant(F＝6.196,P＜0.01),but the expression of NOS3 showed no significant differences(F＝2.669,P＞0.05). The relative fluorescence intensity of the content of H2S in the A7r5 cell lines of ET-1 10 -8,10 -7 and 10 -6mol/L groups (0.063 ± 0.002,0.056 ± 0.008,0.042 ± 0.009)was markedly lower than that in the control group (0.082 ± 0. 006),and the differences were statistically significant(F ＝16.297,P＜0.01);Compared with the control group [(29.439 ±4.236)μmol/L],the content of H2S in the supernatant of the experimental groups [(17.516 ±5.144) μmol/L,(14.481 ± 4.885)μmol/L]was significantly decreased,and the differences were statistically significant (F＝12.518,P ＜0.01).CBS protein expression(0.359 ± 0.096,0.270 ± 0.038,0.174 ± 0.051)was decreased markedly compared with that of the control group(0.707 ± 0.107),and the differences were statistically significant (F＝20.833,P＜0.01),and the expression of CSE showed no significant differences(F＝0.708,P＞0.05).The data showed that PCNA protein expression in the 10 -7mol/L ET-1 group(0.686 ± 0.180)significantly increased com-pared with that of the control group(0.437 ± 0.191),and the difference was statistically significant (t＝ -2.840,P＜0.01).Conclusion ET-1 stimulation can lead to the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells and down-regu-late its endogenous NO and H2S pathways.