This paper systematically summarizes the practical experience of the 2025 Dingri earthquake emergency medical rescue in Tibet. It analyzes the requirements for earthquake medical rescue under conditions of high-altitude hypoxia, low temperature, and low air pressure. The paper provides a detailed discussion on the strategic layout of earthquake medical rescue at the national level, local government level, and through social participation. It covers the construction of rescue organizational systems, technical systems, material support systems, and information systems. The importance of building rescue teams is emphasized. In high-altitude and cold conditions, rapid response, scientific decision-making, and multi-party collaboration are identified as key elements to enhance rescue efficiency. By optimizing rescue organizational structures, strengthening the development of new equipment, and promoting telemedicine technologies, the precision and effectiveness of medical rescue can be significantly improved, providing important references for future similar disaster rescues.

Objective To explore the effects of tripterygium glycosides(TGs)on adipocyte differentiation,inflam-mation,and fibrosis of orbital fibroblasts(OFs)in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy(TAO).Methods OFs isolated from 12 TAO patients were cultured and identified.CCK-8 experiment was used to detect the effect of different concentra-tions of TGs(0,12.5,25.0,50.0,100.0 mg·L-1)on the activity of OFs.Then,adipocyte differentiation phenotypes of OFs were induced and divided into a control group,an adipocyte differentiation group(DM),and TG groups(12.5,25.0,and 50.0 mg·L-1 TGs).Inflammation phenotypes of OFs were induced and divided into a control group,an IL-1 β group,and TG groups(12.5,25.0,and 50.0 mg·L-1 TGs).Fibrosis phenotypes of OFs were induced and divided into a control group,a TGF-βi group,and TG groups(12.5,25.0,and 50.0 mg·L-1 TGs).Oil red O staining was used to detect the formation of lipid droplets in OFs of adipocyte differentiation phenotype.ELISA was used to measure IL-6 and TNF-α levels in OFs of inflammation phenotype and HA levels in OFs of fibrosis phenotype.Transwell experiment was used to detect the cell migration rate of OFs of fibrosis phenotype.Real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction(RT-qPCR)and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of PPAR-γ,c/EBP-α,FABP-4,perilipin-1,and adiponectin mRNAs and pro-teins in OFs of adipocyte differentiation phenotype,the expression levels of IL-6,TNF-α,COX-2,MCP-1 and ICAM-1 mR-NAs and proteins in OFs of inflammation phenotype,and the expression levels of Vimentin,Fibronectin,COL1A1,COL1A2 and ACTA2 mRNAs and proteins in OFs of fibrosis phenotype.Results The cells were identified as OFs.12.5,25.0,and 50.0 mg·L-1 of TGs had no significant effect on OF activity and these three concentrations were used in the subsequent ex-periment.In OFs of adipocyte differentiation phenotype,the number of orange red lipid droplets greatly decreased after TG treatment.The expression levels of PPAR-γ,c/EBP-α,FABP-4,perilipin-1,and adiponectin mRNAs and proteins in cells of TG groups were significantly lower than those of the DM group(all P＜0.05).In OFs of inflammation phenotype,IL-6 and TNF-α levels in supernatant and cells of TG groups were significantly decreased,compared with those of the IL-1βgroup(all P＜0.05).The expression levels of COX-2,MCP-1,and ICAM-1 mRNAs and proteins in cells of TG groups were significantly lower than those of the IL-1 β group(all P＜0.05).In OFs of fibrosis phenotype,the cell migration rates,HA levels in cell culture supernatant,and the expression levels of Vimentin,Fibronectin,COL1A1,COL1A2,and ACTA2 mR-NAs and proteins in cells of TG groups were significant lower than those of the TGF-β1 group(all P＜0.05).Conclusion TGs can inhibit the adipocyte differentiation,IL-1 β-induced inflammatory responses and TGF-β1-induced fibrosis of TAO-OFs.

Diabetes mellitus is the third most prevalent disease worldwide,following cardiovascular diseases and cancer.There is no obvious symptom in the early stage of diabetes mellitus.However,in the middle and late stages,diabetes mellitus may lead to severe clinical complications such as diabetic cardiomyopathy,kidney disease,retinopathy,or neuropathy,the primary causes for diabetes-related deaths.Therefore,the early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes mellitus are of practical significance.Compared with traditional diagnostic methods including fasting blood-glucose and oral glucose tolerance tests,the measurement of glycated hemoglobin serves as a gold standard for evaluating long-term blood glucose control,due to the relative stability of glycated hemoglobin under a period of dietary and daily practice.Ear-ly treatment of diabetes mellitus may significantly improve the prognosis of patients and enhance the overall therapeutic out-come.Diet control,physical exercise,medication,as well as psychological and social supports are critical for the treat-ment of diabetes mellitus.To date,the therapeutic methods for diabetes mellitus have been constantly enriching,along with promoted drug design and development.Some emerging technologies,such as therapies using antibodies or stem cells,have been applied to treat diabetes mellitus.Hereby the latest progress in the prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus was comprehensively reviewed,and the application of antibodies was discussed,which may provide insights into the research and development of antibody drugs for chronic human diseases including diabetes mellitus.

Objective We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shengxuebao Mixture in the treatment of cancer-related anemia(CRA)presenting with syndrome of deficiency of liver and kidney combined with syndrome of deficiency of both qi and blood.Methods A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,multicenter clinical trial was conducted.Eligible patients with malignant tumors meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled from 26 hospitals,including Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Xiaogan Central Hospital,and Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,from June 1,2022,to September 30,2024.Patients were allocated 1:1 to either the experimental group receiving Shengxuebao Mixture or the control group receiving its simulator(placebo)using a block randomization method under double-blind conditions.Both groups received 15 mL orally three times daily for 28 consecutive days.The primary efficacy indicators included the hemoglobin(Hb)improvement rate(RHb)and the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome improvement rate(RTCM)at week 4 of treatment.The secondary efficacy indicators encompassed Hb and red blood cell(RBC)count,Karnofsky Performance Status(KPS)score,TCM syndrome score,individual TCM symptom scores,and changes in each of these indicators compared to the baseline period at weeks 2,4,and 6 of treatment.Safety evaluations were conducted at week 4 of treatment.Results A total of 239 patients were enrolled,with 225 cases included in the Full Analysis Set(FAS)(109 in the experimental group vs.116 control group),163 in the Per Protocol Set(PPS)(77 vs.86),and 225 in the Safety Set(SS)(109 vs.116).Baseline characteristics between groups showed no significant differences.Significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups in RHb at week 4(FAS:49.51%vs.35.24%,P<0.05;PPS:53.25%vs.36.05%,P<0.05)and RTCM at week 4(FAS:61.54%vs.39.62%,P<0.01;PPS:64.94%vs.40.70%,P<0.01).At weeks 2,4,and 6,the experimental group showed greater improvements in Hb and RBC counts than the control group.Additionally,the TCM syndrome scores were lower in the experimental group than in the control group at these time points.Except for week 2 in PPS,the KPS improvement was better in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05).The experimental group also demonstrated a greater reduction in scores for individual TCM symptoms such as spiritlessness and weakness,poor appetite and reduced food intake at weeks 4 and 6 compared to the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).Furthermore,the reduction in vertigo score was more pronounced in the experimental group at week 6(P<0.01).For the score of pale and lusterless complexion,only in the PPS was the reduction from baseline more significant in the experimental group than in the control group at weeks 4 and 6(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups in the incidence of all adverse events or drug-related adverse reactions.Conclusion Shengxuebao Mixture demonstrates significant efficacy in patients with CRA presenting syndrome of deficiency of liver and kidney combined with syndrome of deficiency of both qi and blood,effectively increasing Hb levels,ameliorating TCM syndromes,alleviating clinical symptoms,and enhancing functional status,with no significant difference in adverse drug reactions compared to the placebo.

Objective:To explore the effect of modified reed tube moxibustion based on spleen-kidney mutual assistance theory in patients with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) combined with spleen-kidney yang deficiency type of insomnia.Methods:From September 2020 to December 2022, 64 patients with CAPD combined with insomnia of spleen-kidney yang deficiency type were selected from the Department of Nephrology, Ningbo Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University by the convenience sampling method. A randomized numerical table method was used to divide study subjects into a control group and a study group, with 32 cases in each group. The control group received conventional treatment and auricular needle-embedding therapy; while the study group received traditional treatment and auricular needle-embedding therapy combined with modified reed tube moxibustion. The intervention period lasted three months. Differences in Insomnia Severity Index, Chinese medicine syndrome score, and peritoneal dialysis adequacy were compared between the two groups.Results:After intervention, the Insomnia Severity Index score of the study group was lower than those of the control group, and the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.05). The urea clearance index and creatinine clearance rate of the study group were higher than those of the control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05) . Conclusions:Modified reed tube moxibustion based on spleen-kidney mutual assistance theory has a positive effect on improving insomnia symptoms and dialysis adequacy in patients with CAPD combined with insomnia of spleen-kidney yang deficiency type.

Objective Neurological disorders,constitute the majority of acupuncture-treated ailments.By critically examining a comprehensive selection of high-quality clinical randomized controlled trials(RCTs)from both domestic and international sources,we aimed to uncover the prevailing hot research topic and potential future directions in acupuncture therapy for these conditions.Methods Four databases,including PubMed,Web of science,Cochrane Library and EMBASE were searched.The search period is set from the establishment of each database to November 30,2023.And the search content was RCTs of acupuncture for neurological diseases classified as Ⅰ and Ⅱ by the Chinese Academy of Sciences were extracted.Key aspects extracted included annual publication volume,journals,disease types,outcomes,conclusions,acupuncture methods and control groups.Results A total of 81 high-quality RCTs were identified,revealing a consistent annual publication trend of acupuncture for neurological disorders.Key journals contributing to this research were Cephalalgia,Clinical Rehabilitation and Clinical Journal Of Pain,etc.The studies predominantly focused on migraine and sequela of apoplexy with migraine days/frequency and Ashworth scale and its modifications as commonly used primary outcome indicators,respectively.Overall,there were 73 RCTs that concluded that acupuncture for neurologic disorders were effective,8 were ineffective.The acupuncture methods were diverse,encompassing acupuncture,individualized acupuncture and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation,etc.The control measures were also varied,featuring sham acupuncture,sham-acupoint and micro-needle,etc.Conclusion With the development of acupuncture RCTs,their international influence has expanded.Research has shifted from validation of effectiveness to exploration of mechanisms,and despite the expansion of the disease spectrum of acupuncture,acupuncture trials have yet to be regulated and standardized,and the assessment of acupuncture efficacy remains controversial and challenging for the discipline.It is recommended to promote multi-center cooperation and strengthen the training of trialists etc.to provide more high-quality clinical evidence.

Objective We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Shengxuebao Mixture in the treatment of cancer-related anemia(CRA)presenting with syndrome of deficiency of liver and kidney combined with syndrome of deficiency of both qi and blood.Methods A randomized,double-blind,placebo-controlled,multicenter clinical trial was conducted.Eligible patients with malignant tumors meeting the inclusion and exclusion criteria were enrolled from 26 hospitals,including Dongzhimen Hospital,Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,Xiaogan Central Hospital,and Yangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine,from June 1,2022,to September 30,2024.Patients were allocated 1:1 to either the experimental group receiving Shengxuebao Mixture or the control group receiving its simulator(placebo)using a block randomization method under double-blind conditions.Both groups received 15 mL orally three times daily for 28 consecutive days.The primary efficacy indicators included the hemoglobin(Hb)improvement rate(RHb)and the traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)syndrome improvement rate(RTCM)at week 4 of treatment.The secondary efficacy indicators encompassed Hb and red blood cell(RBC)count,Karnofsky Performance Status(KPS)score,TCM syndrome score,individual TCM symptom scores,and changes in each of these indicators compared to the baseline period at weeks 2,4,and 6 of treatment.Safety evaluations were conducted at week 4 of treatment.Results A total of 239 patients were enrolled,with 225 cases included in the Full Analysis Set(FAS)(109 in the experimental group vs.116 control group),163 in the Per Protocol Set(PPS)(77 vs.86),and 225 in the Safety Set(SS)(109 vs.116).Baseline characteristics between groups showed no significant differences.Significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups in RHb at week 4(FAS:49.51%vs.35.24%,P<0.05;PPS:53.25%vs.36.05%,P<0.05)and RTCM at week 4(FAS:61.54%vs.39.62%,P<0.01;PPS:64.94%vs.40.70%,P<0.01).At weeks 2,4,and 6,the experimental group showed greater improvements in Hb and RBC counts than the control group.Additionally,the TCM syndrome scores were lower in the experimental group than in the control group at these time points.Except for week 2 in PPS,the KPS improvement was better in the experimental group than in the control group(P<0.05).The experimental group also demonstrated a greater reduction in scores for individual TCM symptoms such as spiritlessness and weakness,poor appetite and reduced food intake at weeks 4 and 6 compared to the control group(P<0.05,P<0.01).Furthermore,the reduction in vertigo score was more pronounced in the experimental group at week 6(P<0.01).For the score of pale and lusterless complexion,only in the PPS was the reduction from baseline more significant in the experimental group than in the control group at weeks 4 and 6(P<0.05).No significant differences were observed between the experimental and control groups in the incidence of all adverse events or drug-related adverse reactions.Conclusion Shengxuebao Mixture demonstrates significant efficacy in patients with CRA presenting syndrome of deficiency of liver and kidney combined with syndrome of deficiency of both qi and blood,effectively increasing Hb levels,ameliorating TCM syndromes,alleviating clinical symptoms,and enhancing functional status,with no significant difference in adverse drug reactions compared to the placebo.

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is an age-related neurodegenerative disease with an increasing incidence worldwide.A large number of studies have shown that the incidence rates of hearing loss is high in patients with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease,and may be a risk factor for the occurrence and development of cognitive impairment.There is an interaction between the two,but the causal mechanism is still unclear.Early screening and management of hearing impairment may play an important role in the early diagnosis,symptom im-provement and disease progression of Alzheimer's disease.This paper reviews relevant clinical and basic research to discuss the correlation between hearing loss and Alzheimer's disease,and the possible causal mechanism between them.

Melasma is an acquired pigmentation disorder with complex pathogenesis. In addition to the dysfunction of melanocytes, the imbalance of the microenvironment, particularly the multicellular interactions among keratinocytes, fibroblasts, vascular endothelial cells, mast cells, and sebocytes, also contributes to the progression of melasma. This review summarizes relevant research progress on melanocytes and their microenvironment in the pathogenesis of melasma, as well as advances in the treatment of melasma.

This study was aimed at investigating the immunoregulatory function of Mycobacterium tuberculosis Rv3641c gene in modulating host type Ⅰ interferon responses.The shuttle plasmid pMV261 was used to construct Rv3641c overexpression recombinant Mycobacterium smegmatis,and the biological characteristics of the recombinant bacteria were analyzed to explore the effect of Rv3641c on the growth curve,colony morphology and stress resistance of Mycobacterium.Subsequently,RAW264.7 cells were infected with Rv3641c overexpressing Mycobacterium smegmatis,and the transcriptional expression of genes related to the inhibition of type I inter-feron pathway was determined by RT-PCR.The expression level of IFN-βprotein was determined by ELISA,and the intracellular sur-vival level was determined.As a result,the recombinant rMS::pMV261-Rv3641c was successfully constructed.The results of biologi-cal characteristics analysis showed that Rv3641c did not affect the growth of mycobacteria,but significantly changed the colony mor-phology of mycobacteria and improved its resistance to H2O2.The results of recombinant bacteria infection experiments showed that Rv3641c significantly down-regulated the transcription levels of IFN-α,IFN-βand downstream ISGs genes CXCL10,IFIT2 and IL-1β in host cells,and Rv3641c significantly down-regulated the transcription levels of IFN-α,IFN-βand downstream ISGs genes CXCL10,IFIT2 and IL-1βin host cells.The results of intracellular colonization experiments showed that the intracellular mycobacte-ria in the overexpression recombinant bacteria infection group were significantly higher than those in the empty vector group,indicat-ing that Rv3641c could promote the intracellular surviv al of mycobacteria.In summary,the Rv3641c gene of M.tuberculosis can inhibit the host type I interferon response and promote the intracellular survival of M.tuberculosis,which provides a new idea for further explor-ing the immune escape function of M.tuberculosis and the discovery of new targets for anti-tuberculosis drugs.