Background Under intensive dairy farming conditions, Enterococcus spp. can be transmitted between animals, farm workers, and the environment via multiple vectors such as feces, soil, water, air, and farming equipment, posing a potential threat to public health. Objective To elucidate the prevalence, distribution, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) among farm workers, dairy cattle, and the farm environment in Xinjiang, and to assess the risk of their cross-host transmission. Methods From May 2024 to January 2025, a total of 317 samples were collected from 11 large-scale dairy farms in Xinjiang, China, including feces from farm workers (n=130) and dairy cattle (n=154), and environmental samples (n=33). E. faecalis and E. faecium were isolated and identified, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to analyze their molecular characteristics. Results A total of 183 Enterococcus isolates were obtained (66 E. faecalis and 117 E. faecium isolated). The isolation rates of both species showed statistically significant differences among the three sources (χ²=29.21, P=0.003). Antimicrobial resistance analysis revealed that E. faecalis generally exhibited higher resistance rates across multiple antibiotic classes than E. faecium. High resistance to rifampicin was observed across all sources (50.00%–81.25%), with statistical variation among origins (χ²=8.03, P=0.024). Multidrug-resistant strains accounted for 69.10% of the isolates. Multidrug resistance patterns in E. faecium varied significantly by source (χ²=27.19, P=0.014), and one isolate displayed resistance to eight antibiotic classes. MLST indicated high genetic diversity; E. faecalis was dominated by ST472 and ST227 of which the distrubution was significantly different among sources, while E. faecium primarily clustered into clonal complexes CC94 (centered on ST94) and CC17 (centered on ST22). Conclusion Resistant Enterococcus strains exhibit cross-transmission among farm workers, animals, and the environment. Under the "One Health" framework, standardized farming protocols and prudent antimicrobial use are essential to disrupt the transmission chain of resistant clones and mitigate the spread of antimicrobial resistance at its source.

Background Under intensive dairy farming conditions, Enterococcus spp. can be transmitted between animals, farm workers, and the environment via multiple vectors such as feces, soil, water, air, and farming equipment, posing a potential threat to public health. Objective To elucidate the prevalence, distribution, and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) among farm workers, dairy cattle, and the farm environment in Xinjiang, and to assess the risk of their cross-host transmission. Methods From May 2024 to January 2025, a total of 317 samples were collected from 11 large-scale dairy farms in Xinjiang, China, including feces from farm workers (n=130) and dairy cattle (n=154), and environmental samples (n=33). E. faecalis and E. faecium were isolated and identified, followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) to analyze their molecular characteristics. Results A total of 183 Enterococcus isolates were obtained (66 E. faecalis and 117 E. faecium isolated). The isolation rates of both species showed statistically significant differences among the three sources (χ²=29.21, P=0.003). Antimicrobial resistance analysis revealed that E. faecalis generally exhibited higher resistance rates across multiple antibiotic classes than E. faecium. High resistance to rifampicin was observed across all sources (50.00%–81.25%), with statistical variation among origins (χ²=8.03, P=0.024). Multidrug-resistant strains accounted for 69.10% of the isolates. Multidrug resistance patterns in E. faecium varied significantly by source (χ²=27.19, P=0.014), and one isolate displayed resistance to eight antibiotic classes. MLST indicated high genetic diversity; E. faecalis was dominated by ST472 and ST227 of which the distrubution was significantly different among sources, while E. faecium primarily clustered into clonal complexes CC94 (centered on ST94) and CC17 (centered on ST22). Conclusion Resistant Enterococcus strains exhibit cross-transmission among farm workers, animals, and the environment. Under the "One Health" framework, standardized farming protocols and prudent antimicrobial use are essential to disrupt the transmission chain of resistant clones and mitigate the spread of antimicrobial resistance at its source.

Background: Adrenocortical hormones, particularly 11-oxygenated androgens, are pivotal in female reproductive health and fertility. Standardized detection kits and population-specific reference intervals are lacking in China, hindering related clinical applications. Methods: A HPLC-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) pipeline was developed, rigorously validated, and applied to simultaneously quantify corticosterone, cortisone, cortisol, 18-OH cortisol, androstenedione (A4), 11β-hydroxyandrostenedione (11-OH A4), dehydroepiandrosterone, and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate in serum samples from 455 reproductive-aged women (18–45 yrs) in Guangxi, China. Age-dependent concentration trends were analyzed, and reference intervals stratified by age (2.5th to 97.5th percentiles) were established. Correlations with body-composition metrics, ethnicity, and the menstrual cycle were investigated. Results: The HPLC-MS/MS method demonstrated high precision (intra- and inter-assay CVs < 15%), accuracy, and sensitivity. All eight hormones exhibited significant age-related declines (P < 0.001 for seven hormones; P = 0.001 for 11-OH A4). Notably, 11-OH A4 levels were significantly lower in the 35–45-yr (3.05 nmol/L) and 25–34-yr (3.09 nmol/L) age groups than in the 18–24-yr (3.57 nmol/L) age group, whereas no significant difference was observed between the 35–45-yr and 25–34-yr age groups. Weak negative correlations were observed between the body mass index and corticosterone and cortisone levels, whereas ethnicity and the menstrual cycle showed no significant associations with hormone levels. Conclusions We developed an HPLC-MS/MS-based method for simultaneously quantifying eight adrenocortical hormones, including 11-OH A4, and defined age-specific reference intervals for reproductive-aged Chinese women. These findings advance the clinical utility of adrenocortical hormones in diagnosing and managing reproductive disorders.

Objective This study aimed to investigate the genetic diversity, differentiation, and population structure of Aedes albopictus across different geographical regions in Shandong Province, and to explore the relationship between genetic diversity and geographical distribution. Methods Between July and August 2024, ten Ae. albopictus populations were sampled from seven cities in Shandong Province. Genomic DNA was extracted from individual mosquitoes, and the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I(COⅠ)gene was amplified using PCR and sequenced. The obtained sequences were verified using BLAST and analyzed with MAFFT, MEGA 11, DnaSP v6.12, Arlequin 3.5, PopART 1.7, STRUCTURE 2.3.4 and the R packages adegenet and vegan to assess genetic diversity and population structure. Results A total of 229 COⅠ sequences(662 bp) was obtained, revealing ten variable sites with no insertions or deletions. The overall base composition showed an AT bias of 67.7%. Haplotype analysis identified 11 haplotypes, with Hap2 being the dominant and most widely distributed haplotype across all populations. Neutrality tests showed significant population expansion only in the Rizhao population. Mantel testing result revealed that geographical distance does not significantly impede gene flow. Overall, genetic differentiation among populations was low, indicating frequent gene flow. When combined with additional samples from Shanghai, Fujian, Guangdong, Yunnan, Hainan and Guangxi, STRUCTURE, UPGMA and DAPC analyses revealed two primary genetic clusters of Ae. albopictus. Conclusions Ae. albopictus populations in Shandong Province exhibit frequent gene flow, low genetic differentiation, and relatively low overall genetic diversity. However, the Rizhao population showed signs of recent expansion, highlighting the need for enhanced surveillance and targeted control measures in this area.

ObjectiveTo establish a rapid analytical method for identifying the differential components in Poria cocos medicinal materials based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbital trap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）， combined with mass defect filtering（MDF） and molecular network integration techniques. MethodsUPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was used for MS data acquisition and identification of P. cocos medicinal materials， with the help of MDF for the study of cleavage behavior and structural identification of triterpenoids. According to the similarity of MS/MS fragmentation patterns of each component， global natural product social molecular network（GNPS） was established， and Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to screen molecular clusters with similar structures and the the structure of main compound classes were identified and confirmed. Multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were used to screen the differential components of the five P. cocos medicinal materials with the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and P<0.05 as the criteria. ResultsA total of 66 compounds were identified by database comparison， 8 compounds were newly identified by MDF， 28 compounds were newly identified by GNPS， and a total of 102 chemical compounds were identified， including 43 triterpenoids， 16 saccharides， 26 amino acids and peptides， 3 nucleosides， and 14 other compounds. Triterpenoids were predominant in Poriae Cutis and wild Fushen， amino acids and peptides were the most abundant in Poria and cultivated Fushen， carbohydrates were the most abundant in Poriae Cutis. Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ triterpenoids had higher amounts in Poria and cultivated Fushen， type Ⅲ triterpenoids were more abundant in Poriae Cutis， all four types of triterpenoids were higher in Fushenmu， and type Ⅰ， Ⅱ， and Ⅳ triterpenoids were higher in wild Fushen. A total of 12 common differential chemical constituents were screened， including serine， guanosine， gallic acid， 2-octenal， maltotriose， trametenolic acid， dehydroeburicoic acid， dehydrotrametenolic acid， poricoic acid A， poricoic acid B， poricoic acid E and G， but the relative contents of them varied significantly among different medicinal materials. ConclusionAmong the five P. cocos medicinal materials， the types of constituents are generally similar， but their relative contents differed significantly among these medicinal materials， especially in the distribution of triterpenoids. The integration of UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS， MDF and GNPS can provide a reference for the rapid qualitative analysis of other Chinese medicines.

ObjectiveTo establish a rapid analytical method for identifying the differential components in Poria cocos medicinal materials based on ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbital trap high-resolution mass spectrometry（UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS）， combined with mass defect filtering（MDF） and molecular network integration techniques. MethodsUPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS was used for MS data acquisition and identification of P. cocos medicinal materials， with the help of MDF for the study of cleavage behavior and structural identification of triterpenoids. According to the similarity of MS/MS fragmentation patterns of each component， global natural product social molecular network（GNPS） was established， and Cytoscape 3.6.1 was used to screen molecular clusters with similar structures and the the structure of main compound classes were identified and confirmed. Multivariate statistical analyses such as principal component analysis（PCA） and orthogonal partial least squares-discriminant analysis（OPLS-DA） were used to screen the differential components of the five P. cocos medicinal materials with the variable importance in the projection（VIP） value>1 and P<0.05 as the criteria. ResultsA total of 66 compounds were identified by database comparison， 8 compounds were newly identified by MDF， 28 compounds were newly identified by GNPS， and a total of 102 chemical compounds were identified， including 43 triterpenoids， 16 saccharides， 26 amino acids and peptides， 3 nucleosides， and 14 other compounds. Triterpenoids were predominant in Poriae Cutis and wild Fushen， amino acids and peptides were the most abundant in Poria and cultivated Fushen， carbohydrates were the most abundant in Poriae Cutis. Type Ⅰ and Ⅱ triterpenoids had higher amounts in Poria and cultivated Fushen， type Ⅲ triterpenoids were more abundant in Poriae Cutis， all four types of triterpenoids were higher in Fushenmu， and type Ⅰ， Ⅱ， and Ⅳ triterpenoids were higher in wild Fushen. A total of 12 common differential chemical constituents were screened， including serine， guanosine， gallic acid， 2-octenal， maltotriose， trametenolic acid， dehydroeburicoic acid， dehydrotrametenolic acid， poricoic acid A， poricoic acid B， poricoic acid E and G， but the relative contents of them varied significantly among different medicinal materials. ConclusionAmong the five P. cocos medicinal materials， the types of constituents are generally similar， but their relative contents differed significantly among these medicinal materials， especially in the distribution of triterpenoids. The integration of UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS， MDF and GNPS can provide a reference for the rapid qualitative analysis of other Chinese medicines.

[Objective] To establish a new scoring system to predict the perioperative outcomes (operation time, intraoperative blood loss, and trifecta achievement) in patients undergoing robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) by integrating the RENAL and Mayo adhesive probability (MAP) scores. [Methods] Clinical data of 178 patients with renal cell carcinoma who underwent RAPN performed by the same surgeon in our hospital during Jan.2015 and Jan.2022 were retrospectively analyzed.The RENAL and MAP scores of all patients were calculated.Linear regression and logistic regression were used to evaluate the associations between the components of the RENAL and MAP scores (a total of 6 variables) and perioperative outcomes.The factors with significant associations were then included into logistic regression analysis to identify independent predictors for constructing an assessment system for perioperative outcomes, and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was plotted to calculate the area under the curve (AUC) to predict its efficacy. [Results] Multivariate linear regression analysis showed that tumor size (β=6.14, 95%CI: 1.93—10.34, P=0.004), exophytic rate (β=10.60, 95%CI: 3.44—17.76, P=0.004), and perinephric fat thickness (β=16.48, 95%CI: 8.52—24.45, P<0.001) were significantly associated with operation time.Tumor size (β=10.55 95%CI: 5.60—15.49, P<0.001) was associated with both intraoperative blood loss and trifecta achievement (OR=1.73, 95%CI: 1.26—2.36, P=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis of these 3 factors identified tumor size (OR=9.07, 95% CI: 1.18—69.45, P=0.03) and perinephric fat thickness (OR=2.28, 95%CI: 1.86—6.04, P=0.01) as independent predictors of perioperative outcomes.Based on these findings, the tumor size and perinephric fat thickness (RP) scoring was constructed, which demonstrated better predictive ability than RENAL score or MAP score alone (RP vs.RENAL vs.MAP: 0.766 vs.0.548 vs.0.684). [Conclusion] The RP score includes fewer variables than the RENAL and MAP scores but outperforms them.

The auxin/indole-3-acetic acid (Aux/IAA) gene family is an important regulator for plant growth hormone signaling, involved in plant growth, development, as well as response to environmental stresses. In the present study, we identified SmIAA7 which is potentially associated with Salvia miltiorrhiza leaf development through comparatively analyzed the transcriptome data from different pinnate leaves. SmIAA7 was successfully isolated from S. miltiorrhiza using the specific primers. Then subsequent bioinformatic analysis, prokaryotic expression and purification, subcellular localization, and induction expression analysis under auxin and abiotic stress were performed. The full-length of SmIAA7 contained an ORF of 684 bp encoding a protein of 227 amino acid with a molecular weight of 25.3 kD. Conserved domain analysis showed that SmIAA7 contains the conserved Aux_IAA domain (pfam02309). Sequence analysis and phylogenetic tree analysis results indicated SmIAA7 was phylogenetically close to IAA7 and IAA14 from other plants, suggesting SmIAA7 involved in plant growth and development as well as response to environmental stresses. The prokaryotic expression vector pET28a-SmIAA7 was constructed and SmIAA7 recombinant protein was successfully expressed in E. coli Rosetta (DE3) strain. Subcellular localization experiment demonstrated that SmIAA7 localized in the nucleus of plant cells. Real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR results showed that the expression level of SmIAA7 was upregulated in response to auxin. Drought, low temperature, and salt stress significantly increased the transcript level of SmIAA7 gene. This study lays a foundation for further elucidating the role of SmIAA7 in leaf development, signal transduction, and stress defense in S. miltiorrhiza.

Objective:To analyze the therapeutic effect of a virtual reality (VR)-based accommodation training device on accommodative excess visual fatigue.Methods:A case-control study was conducted.A total of 20 normal subjects (20 eyes) and 20 patients with accommodative excess visual fatigue (20 eyes) were recruited at Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University between January and December 2022.The study consisted of two phases.In the first phase, the effect of watching videos with VR glass on the subjects' subjective and objective visual function was evaluated.Normal subjects wore VR device to watch a 2D video for 30 minutes, and assessments were performed before and after viewing.These assessments included binocular accommodation/convergence function (accommodation response, accommodative convergence to accommodation ratio [AC/A]), tear film function (first tear film break-up time), subjective symptoms (visual fatigue score), and basic visual health parameters including best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and intraocular pressure (IOP).In the second phase, the improvement in subjective and objective visual fatigue metrics with the VR-based accommodation training device was investigated.Patients with visual fatigue were divided into a traditional training group using traditional flipper lenses and a VR training group using the VR accommodation training device, with 10 eyes in each group.The effects of the VR accommodation training device on indicators such as accommodative sensitivity, accommodation response, convergence function, visual fatigue score, acceptability score, system usability score, BCVA, and IOP were evaluated and compared between the two groups.This study adhered to the Declaration of Helsinki.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University (No.IIT2021007).Written informed consent was obtained from each subject.Results:In normal subjects, there was no statistically significant difference in first tear film break-up time, distance phoria, near phoria, AC/A, accommodative response, BCVA, or IOP before and after 30 minutes of continuous viewing of 2D video using VR glass ( t=1.155, 1.360, 4.479, 1.979, -1.249, -3.017, 2.211; all P>0.05).The visual fatigue score remained unchanged at (1.00±0.00) points before and after viewing.Among the subjects with visual fatigue, there were statistically significant differences in binocular accommodative sensitivity, dominant eye accommodative sensitivity, and BCVA before and after using the VR accommodation training device ( F=8.693, 4.078, 4.942; all P<0.05).Ocular accommodation sensitivity at 8 weeks after training was improved compared with 1 week after training, and BCVA at 4 weeks after training was improved compared with before training, and the differences were statistically significant (both P<0.05).In the VR training group, the average tear film break-up time, first tear film break-up time, and BCVA increased and the visual fatigue score decreased compared with before training, the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05).In the traditional training group, the accommodation sensitivity of the dominant eye increased after training compared with before training, with a statistically significant difference ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Watching 2D videos with VR glass for 30 minutes does not induce subjective or objective symptoms of visual fatigue.The VR-based accommodation training paradigm effectively improves accommodative sensitivity and alleviates subjective symptoms of visual fatigue in individuals with accommodative excess visual fatigue.

Objective:This study aimed to investigate the value of myocardial contrast echocardiography(MCE)in the prognostic assessment of patients undergoing revascularization for acute anterior ST-segment elevation myocar-dial infarction(STEMI).Methods:A total of 234 patients with acute anterior STEMI who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)and completed MCE admitted in Dongguan People's Hospital between July 1st 2019 and October 1st 2021 were included.According to presence of major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)during 6 months,patients were divided into no MACE group(n=188)and MACE group(n=46).General data and MCE indexes were compared between the two groups.Multivariate Logistic regression analysis was employed to analyze influencing factors for MACE in patients with acute anterior STEMI after PCI.Receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was applied to analyze predictive value of MCE indexes for MACE in patients with acute anterior STE-MI after PCI.Results:Compared with patients in no MACE group,those in MACE group had significant higher proportion of previous myocardial infarction,D-dimer,C reactive protein,B-type natriuretic peptide,creatine kinase isoenzyme MB(CK-MB),incidence of T-wave inversion and ST-segment resolution amplitude(P＜0.05 or＜0.01).MCE showed that compared with those in no MACE group,those in MACE group had significant lower left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF)[(52.54±7.66)％ vs.(55.98±10.04)％],and significant higher wall motion score index(WMSI)[(1.22±0.13)vs.(1.17±0.15)]and contrast score index(CSI)[(1.54±0.32)％vs.(1.16±0.21)％](P＜0.05 or＜0.01).Multivariate Logistic regression analysis revealed that previous myocar-dial infarction,C-reactive protein,CSI and T-wave inversion were independent risk factors for MACE in patients with acute anterior STEMI after PCI(OR=13.790～6601.747,P＜0.05 or＜0.01).ROC curve indicated that CSI had good predictive value for MACE in patients with acute anterior STEMI after PCI,the area under curve(AUC)was 0.874(95％CI 0.825～0.914)and optimal cutoff point was 1.33％.Conclusion:Myocardial contrast echocardiography plays an important role in prognostic assessment of patients undergoing revascularization for acute anterior STEMI.