OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution of pathogens isolated from respiratory tract secretions,observe the expressions of serum nitric oxide(NO),matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)and interleukin-8(IL-8)in the epiglottic cyst infection patients complicated with acute epiglottitis,and analyze the clinical significance.METHODS The clinical data were collected from 98 epiglottic cyst infection patients complicated with acute epi-glottitis who were treated in the First People's Hospital of Linping District from Jan.2019 to Jun.2023.The dis-tribution of pathogens isolated from the respiratory tract secretions was recorded.Among the enrolled patients,45 patients who received conservative therapy were assigned as the non-surgery group,and 53 patients who under-went electrotome resection under self-retaining laryngoscope were assigned as the surgery group.The levels of ser-um NO,MMP-2 and IL-8 were compared between the two groups of patients,the recurrence rate was observed and compared after the discharge for 6 months.The values of serum NO,MMP-2 and IL-8 at the admission in prediction of recurrence of the non-surgery group 6 months after the surgery were analyzed by means of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS Totally 61 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 98 pa-tients,63.93％of which were gram-negative bacteria,and 36.07％were gram-positive bacteria.The levels of ser-um NO,MMP-2 and IL-8 of the two groups were lower after the discharge than at the admission(P＜0.05),which were lower on the 7th day of admission than on the 3rd day of admission(P＜0.05).The levels of serum NO,MMP-2 and IL-8 of the surgery group were lower than those of the non-surgery group on the 7th day of dis-charge(P＜0.05).The recurrence rate of the surgery group was 0 after the discharge for 6 months,lower than 13.33％of the non-surgery group(0.00％vs.13.33％,continuity correction x2=5.387,P=0.020).ROC curve a-nalysis showed that the levels of serum NO,MMP-2 and IL-8 at the admission had statistical significance in pre-diction of recurrence 6 months after the discharge(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION As compared with conservative thera-py,the electrotome resection under self-retaining laryngoscope may reduce the recurrence rate of acute epiglottitis in the epiglottic cyst infection patients,and the levels of serum NO,MMP-2 and IL-8 can assist the prediction of risk of recurrence.

Objective To explore the effect of endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS)with different probes on the measurement of gastrointestinal submucosal tumor(SMT)diameter.Methods The clinical data of 356 patients(with a total of 372 lesions)initially diagnosed as SMT by EUS at the Second Affiliated Hospital of Army Medical University from January 2023 to June 2024 were analyzed retrospectively.The basic characteristics of the origin layers and pathological distribution of SMT were analyzed.The differences between the EUS-measured diameters and the actual diameters of SMT at different diameter ranges of lesions were compared.Taking the postoperative pathological diagnosis results as the gold standard,the effects of different clinicopathological features and probe types on the relative error in EUS-measured diameters of SMT were analyzed.Results Among the 372 gastrointestinal SMT lesions,lesions were more frequent in female patients,gastric lesions was the most common,and leiomyoma was the predominant pathological type.The accuracy of EUS in diagnosing SMT was 94.4%.A statistically significant difference was observed between the EUS-measured diameters and the actual diameters of SMT(P<0.05).There were significantly differences in various ranges of lesions between the EUS-measured diameters and the actual diameters(P<0.05).The gender,age,lesion location,and pathological type had no significant effect on the relative error of EUS-measured diameters(P>0.05);while probe types had a significant effect on the relative error of EUS-measured diameters(P<0.05).For lesions with an actual diameter of 2.0 to 3.9 cm,the relative error of SMT diameters measured by small-probe EUS was significantly greater than that by large-probe EUS(P<0.05).Conclusion Large-probe EUS exhibits a smaller relative error in measuring the diameter of SMT with a diameter of≥2.0 cm.Therefore,large-probe EUS is recommended for the examination of SMT with an estimated diameter exceeding 2.0 cm.

High mobility group box protein 1(HMGB1)is one of the most widely expressed protein member in the HMGs family,which is well known for its involvement in the body inflammatory response.Previous researches have found that it plays a significant role in cell migration,immune identification and neuroprotection.Spinal cord injury is a disease that causes severe damage to the nervous system,and neural circuits are disrupted after a spinal cord injury,which leads to many conditions including ischemia and hypoxia,inflammatory responses,demyelinating lesions,and glial scar formation that are detrimental to nerve regeneration and repair,making it one of the most difficult diseases to treat in the modern spinal surgery field.HMGB1 is upregulated after spinal cord injury,thereby regulating neuroinflam-matory responses,and participating in the neuronal apoptosis,promoting neuronal regeneration,and inducing neural stem cell differentiation and migration,which plays an important role in the process of neural function recovery.This paper summarizes the structure and function of HMGB1,as well as its role in spinal cord injury,in order to provide direction for founding therapeutic target for neurological function recovery after spinal cord injury.

Objective To explore the clinical value of energy-spectrum CT single-energy imaging in enhancing the image quality and stent display of stent placement CT angiography(CTA)in lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease.Methods Twenty patients[mean(65.61±9.65)years;male/female,16/4]who underwent stenting for chronic occlusive disease of the lower extremity arteries by lower extremity arterial energetic spectral CTA were retrospectively recruited at our hospital.The original images were reconstructed into seven sets of single energy(40-100 keV),120 kVp,virtual unenhanced images(VUE)and metal artifact reduction(MAR)technique images.Images were debossed and then scaffolded for display with volumetric reconstruction(VR),maximum density projection(MIP)and curve planar reconstruction(CPR),and were objectively and subjectively assessed and compared using one-way analysis of variance(ANOVA).Results The 80 keV and MAR images had the highest scores compared to the other reconstruction group images(P＜0.01).Conclusion 80 keV single-energy imaging and de-metallization artifacts MAR improve the image quality of lower extremity arterial stent lumen and structure display;therefore,they have higher diagnostic value for clinicians.

Objective:To investigate the anti-heart failure mechanism of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)in diabetic cardiomyop-athy independent from coronary artery factors.Methods:A total of 40 diabetic mice after heart failure model construction were randomly divided into two groups,NAC group(n=20,NAC 100mg·kg-1·d-1)and control group(n=20,Saline 100 mg·kg-1·d-1).Echocardiography was performed to detect left ventricular end-diastolic volume(LVEDV),left ventricular end-systolic volume(LVESV),left ventricular ejection fraction(LVEF),mitral left ventricular early-dias-tolic peak flow velocity/left ventricular late-diastolic peak flow velocity(E/A),isovolumic relaxation time(IVRT)and cardiac output(CO)after 4 weeks.Terminal uridine nick-end labeling(TUNEL)was performed to detect apoptosis in-dex,and Western Blot was performed to detect the expression of extracellular regulated protein kinases(ERK)1/2 after 6 weeks in two groups.Results:Compared to those in control group,mice in NAC group had significant higher LVEF[(40.5±3.4)％vs.(36.9±3.2)％],E/A[(1.5±0.1)vs.(1.4±0.1)]and CO[(10.3±0.6)ml/min vs.(9.9±0.5)ml/min](P＜0.05 or＜0.01);and significant lower LVESV[(23.1±1.3)μl vs.(24.7±1.5)μl],apoptosis index[(31.2±0.5)％vs.(45.1±0.9)％]and the expression of ERK1/2[(2.2±0.2)vs.(3.9±0.1)](P＜0.001 all).Conclusion:NAC exerts anti-heart failure effect by attenuating apoptosis of cardiomyocytes via regulating ERK1/2 pathway.

OBJECTIVE To explore the distribution of pathogens isolated from respiratory tract secretions,observe the expressions of serum nitric oxide(NO),matrix metalloproteinase-2(MMP-2)and interleukin-8(IL-8)in the epiglottic cyst infection patients complicated with acute epiglottitis,and analyze the clinical significance.METHODS The clinical data were collected from 98 epiglottic cyst infection patients complicated with acute epi-glottitis who were treated in the First People's Hospital of Linping District from Jan.2019 to Jun.2023.The dis-tribution of pathogens isolated from the respiratory tract secretions was recorded.Among the enrolled patients,45 patients who received conservative therapy were assigned as the non-surgery group,and 53 patients who under-went electrotome resection under self-retaining laryngoscope were assigned as the surgery group.The levels of ser-um NO,MMP-2 and IL-8 were compared between the two groups of patients,the recurrence rate was observed and compared after the discharge for 6 months.The values of serum NO,MMP-2 and IL-8 at the admission in prediction of recurrence of the non-surgery group 6 months after the surgery were analyzed by means of receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curves.RESULTS Totally 61 strains of pathogens were isolated from the 98 pa-tients,63.93％of which were gram-negative bacteria,and 36.07％were gram-positive bacteria.The levels of ser-um NO,MMP-2 and IL-8 of the two groups were lower after the discharge than at the admission(P＜0.05),which were lower on the 7th day of admission than on the 3rd day of admission(P＜0.05).The levels of serum NO,MMP-2 and IL-8 of the surgery group were lower than those of the non-surgery group on the 7th day of dis-charge(P＜0.05).The recurrence rate of the surgery group was 0 after the discharge for 6 months,lower than 13.33％of the non-surgery group(0.00％vs.13.33％,continuity correction x2=5.387,P=0.020).ROC curve a-nalysis showed that the levels of serum NO,MMP-2 and IL-8 at the admission had statistical significance in pre-diction of recurrence 6 months after the discharge(P＜0.05).CONCLUSION As compared with conservative thera-py,the electrotome resection under self-retaining laryngoscope may reduce the recurrence rate of acute epiglottitis in the epiglottic cyst infection patients,and the levels of serum NO,MMP-2 and IL-8 can assist the prediction of risk of recurrence.

Apical microsurgery is accurate and minimally invasive, produces few complications, and has a success rate of more than 90%. However, due to the lack of awareness and understanding of apical microsurgery by dental general practitioners and even endodontists, many clinical problems remain to be overcome. The consensus has gathered well-known domestic experts to hold a series of special discussions and reached the consensus. This document specifies the indications, contraindications, preoperative preparations, operational procedures, complication prevention measures, and efficacy evaluation of apical microsurgery and is applicable to dentists who perform apical microsurgery after systematic training.
Microsurgery/standards* ; Humans ; Apicoectomy ; Contraindications, Procedure ; Tooth Apex/diagnostic imaging* ; Postoperative Complications/prevention & control* ; Consensus ; Treatment Outcome

Pulpotomy, which belongs to vital pulp therapy, has become a strategy for managing pulpitis in recent decades. This minimally invasive treatment reflects the recognition of preserving healthy dental pulp and optimizing long-term patient-centered outcomes. Pulpotomy is categorized into partial pulpotomy (PP), the removal of a partial segment of the coronal pulp tissue, and full pulpotomy (FP), the removal of whole coronal pulp, which is followed by applying the biomaterials onto the remaining pulp tissue and ultimately restoring the tooth. Procedural decisions for the amount of pulp tissue removal or retention depend on the diagnostic of pulp vitality, the overall treatment plan, the patient's general health status, and pulp inflammation reassessment during operation. This statement represents the consensus of an expert committee convened by the Society of Cariology and Endodontics, Chinese Stomatological Association. It addresses the current evidence to support the application of pulpotomy as a potential alternative to root canal treatment (RCT) on mature permanent teeth with pulpitis from a biological basis, the development of capping biomaterial, and the diagnostic considerations to evidence-based medicine. This expert statement intends to provide a clinical protocol of pulpotomy, which facilitates practitioners in choosing the optimal procedure and increasing their confidence in this rapidly evolving field.
Humans ; Calcium Compounds/therapeutic use* ; Consensus ; Dental Pulp ; Dentition, Permanent ; Oxides/therapeutic use* ; Pulpitis/therapy* ; Pulpotomy/standards*

Intentional tooth replantation (ITR) is an advanced treatment modality and the procedure of last resort for preserving teeth with inaccessible endodontic or resorptive lesions. ITR is defined as the deliberate extraction of a tooth; evaluation of the root surface, endodontic manipulation, and repair; and placement of the tooth back into its original socket. Case reports, case series, cohort studies, and randomized controlled trials have demonstrated the efficacy of ITR in the retention of natural teeth that are untreatable or difficult to manage with root canal treatment or endodontic microsurgery. However, variations in clinical protocols for ITR exist due to the empirical nature of the original protocols and rapid advancements in the field of oral biology and dental materials. This heterogeneity in protocols may cause confusion among dental practitioners; therefore, guidelines and considerations for ITR should be explicated. This expert consensus discusses the biological foundation of ITR, the available clinical protocols and current status of ITR in treating teeth with refractory apical periodontitis or anatomical aberration, and the main complications of this treatment, aiming to refine the clinical management of ITR in accordance with the progress of basic research and clinical studies; the findings suggest that ITR may become a more consistent evidence-based option in dental treatment.
Humans ; Tooth Replantation/methods* ; Consensus ; Periapical Periodontitis/surgery*

With the growing emphasis on maternal and child oral health, the significance of managing oral health across preconception, pregnancy, and infancy stages has become increasingly apparent. Oral health challenges extend beyond affecting maternal well-being, exerting profound influences on fetal and neonatal oral development as well as immune system maturation. This expert consensus paper, developed using a modified Delphi method, reviews current research and provides recommendations on maternal and child oral health management. It underscores the critical role of comprehensive oral assessments prior to conception, diligent oral health management throughout pregnancy, and meticulous oral hygiene practices during infancy. Effective strategies should be seamlessly integrated across the life course, encompassing preconception oral assessments, systematic dental care during pregnancy, and routine infant oral hygiene. Collaborative efforts among pediatric dentists, maternal and child health workers, and obstetricians are crucial to improving outcomes and fostering clinical research, contributing to evidence-based health management strategies.
Humans ; Pregnancy ; Female ; Infant ; Consensus ; Mouth Diseases/therapy* ; Pregnancy Complications/therapy* ; Oral Health ; Infant, Newborn ; Delphi Technique ; Oral Hygiene