Objective: To evaluate the effect of community comprehensive management model intervention among patients with dyslipidemia, so as to provide the reference for optimizing community management strategies and improving the target achievement rate for blood lipids among this population. Methods: From May to June 2023, a multi-stage stratified random sampling method was employed to select patients with dyslipidemia from primary healthcare institutions in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province. Eligible participants were randomly assigned to either a control group or an intervention group. The control group received routine management, while the intervention group was subjected to a community comprehensive management model in addition to the routine care. Both groups were followed up for 24 months. Data on demographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, physical examination indices, and blood biochemical indicators were collected at baseline and after the intervention through questionnaires, physical examinations, and laboratory tests. Changes in obesity rate, central obesity rate, target achievement rates for blood lipids, blood pressure, and blood glucose, as well as lifestyle modifications, were analyzed. Differences between the two groups before and after the intervention were assessed using generalized estimating equations (GEE). Results: The control group consisted of 560 patients, including 303 females (54.11%) and 430 individuals aged ≥65 years (76.79%). The intervention group also included 560 patients, with 300 females (53.57%) and 431 individuals aged ≥65 years (76.96%). Before the intervention, no statistically significant differences were observed between the two groups in terms of gender, age, educational level, history of chronic diseases, and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease risk stratification (all P>0.05). After 24 months of intervention, interaction effects between group and time were observed for obesity rate, central obesity rate, target achievement rate for blood lipids, target achievement rate for blood glucose, composite target achievement rate, physical activity rate, and medication adherence (all P<0.05). Specifically, the intervention group demonstrated lower rates of obesity and central obesity, and higher target achievement rate of blood lipids, target achievement rate of blood glucose, composite target achievement rate, physical activity rate, and medication adherence compared to the control group. Conclusion The community comprehensive management model contributed to improvements in multiple metabolic parameters (including body weight, waist circumference, blood lipids, and blood glucose) among patients with dyslipidemia, and was associated with increased physical activity rate and medication adherence.

Objective To study the photodynamic performance and the killing effect of photodynamic therapy on lung cancer of novel chlorin compounds 2-（4-（5,15,20-triphenyl-7H,8H-porphyrin-10-yl） phenoxy） acetic acid（D1）and 4-（4-（5,15,20-triphenyl-7H,8H-porphyrin-10-yl） phenoxy） butanoic acid （D2）. Methods The ultraviolet visible absorption spectrum and fluorescence spectrum of D1 and D2 were determined. The singlet oxygen generation capacity of D1 and D2 was measured by using DPBF as singlet oxygen capture agent. Fluorescence assay was used to detect the cellular phagocytosis rate of the compounds in A549 cells, and MTT assay was used to detect their dark toxicity and phototoxicity. A nude mouse model of lung cancer was established to investigate the antitumor activity of the compounds mediated photodynamic action in vivo, and the blood concentration of D2 in nude mice, its distribution in tumor tissue and skin tissue were further detected. Results D1 and D2 had strong absorption at 652 nm with the best excitation wavelength at 429 nm and 427 nm, and the optimal emission wavelength was at about 659 nm. They also had a higher singlet oxygen generation rate than the control drug m-THPC. D1 and D2 had no dark toxicity at concentrations below 10 μmol/L, and could be ingested by A549 cells, basically reaching saturation in 18~24 hours. After laser irradiation at 650 nm wavelength, D1 and D2 showed significant antitumor activity in vivo and in vitro （P<0.01）. However, D2 could selectively accumulate in tumor tissues after administration, and the optimal treatment time was less than 30 min after administration. Conclusion D2 had excellent photodynamic antitumor activity and could selectively aggregate in tumor tissues, which had the potential to be a candidate drug for photosensitizer and treatment of lung cancer with independent intellectual property rights, and was worth further research.

Parkinson’s disease (PD), the second most common neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer’s disease, manifests a variety of motor symptoms, such as bradykinesia, resting tremor, rigidity, postural balance disorder, and also presents non-motor symptoms, including cognitive decline, depression, constipation, and sleep disorders. Currently, treatment for PD primarily encompasses pharmacological interventions, with levodopa being the first-line therapy, and non-pharmacological approaches such as deep brain stimulation (DBS). However, both approaches exhibit therapeutic limitations, with potential adverse reactions emerging from long-term use. Levodopa is associated with dyskinesia, while DBS may lead to mental confusion, cognitive decline, and depression. Exercise, as an effective adjuvant strategy for drug treatment of PD, can significantly improve PD motor disorders. Recently, studies have found that the mechanisms of exercise improving PD motor symptoms are associated with exerkines. Exerkine refers to signalling moieties secreted in response to acute and/or chronic exercise. This review mainly summarizes the improvement of PD motor disorders by various exerkines and the underlying mechanisms. Firstly, exercise can trigger the secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) in the substantia nigra (SN) and the striatum, potentially improving PD. Recent evidence has suggested that both BDNF and GDNF could improve motor symptoms of PD via restoring the number of dopaminergic neurons in the SN and striatum, increasing striatal dopamine contents, and reducing α-synuclein (α-syn) accumulation in the SN. In addition, BDNF also alleviates motor symptoms of PD by enhancing long-term potentiation and increasing the spine density of spiny projection neurons in the striatum, while GDNF by inhibiting neuroinflammation in the SN via suppressing the activation of microglia, reducing interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expressions, reducing the phosphorylation of inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa Bα (IκBα), and increasing the anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Secondly, exercise, a main trigger for irisin secretion from skeletal muscle, can improve PD motor symptoms by stimulating the irisin/adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK)/Sirtuin-1 (SIRT1) pathway. Specifically, irisin alleviates motor symptoms in PD through multiple mechanisms, including inhibiting excessive mitochondrial fission by reducing the expressions of dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) and mitochondrial fission protein 1 (Fis1), alleviating the apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons by increasing B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) expression and reducing Bcl-2-associated X protein (Bax) and caspase 3 expressions, and restoring the number of dopaminergic neurons. Thirdly, new biomarkers of PD (cathepsin B and Fetuin-A) also play roles in PD development. Cathepsin B can promote the clearance of pathogenic α-syn in PD by enhancing the function of lysosomes, including strengthening the lysosomal degradation capacity, elevating the transport rate, and increasing the activity of lysosomal glucocerebrosidase (GCase). Fetuin-A has been demonstrated to improve PD by restoring the number and the morphology of Purkinje cells, which are the only efferent neurons in the cerebellar cortex and play an important role in maintaining motor coordination. This review aims to facilitate a deep understanding of the mechanism by which exercise improves PD motor symptoms and provide a theoretical basis for promotion of exercise in PD.

Objective: To investigate the current status and influencing factors of overweight and obesity among adults in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide a basis for developing targeted weight management measures. Methods: In 2024, a multistage stratified random cluster sampling method was employed to recruit permanent residents aged ≥18 years from Jiaxing City for questionnaire surveys. Data on basic information, lifestyle behaviors, and history of chronic diseases were collected. Height and body weight were measured, and overweight and obesity were determined based on body mass index (BMI). The influencing factors of overweight and obesity among adults were analyzed by a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 10 509 questionnaires were allocated, and 9 802 valid questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 93.27%. Among the respondents, 4 808 (49.05%) were males and 4 994 (50.95%) were females, with a mean age of (51.27±17.26) years. A total of 4 884 overweight and obesity individuals were identified, with a detection rate of 49.83%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that gender (male, OR=1.719, 95%CI: 1.578-1.873), age (≥60 years, OR=0.802, 95%CI: 0.652-0.986), educational level (bachelor and above, OR=0.640, 95%CI: 0.518-0.791), marital status (being married/cohabiting, OR=1.224, 95%CI: 1.009-1.486), adequate nut intake (OR=0.910, 95%CI: 0.832-0.995), hypertension (OR=2.462, 95%CI: 2.219-2.732), and dyslipidemia (OR=1.629, 95%CI: 1.444-1.837) were statistically associated with overweight and obesity among adults. Conclusion The detected rate of overweight and obesity among adults in Jiaxing City was relatively high, and was mainly associated with gender, age, education level, marital status, nut intake, hypertension, and dyslipidemia.

Based on the epidermal growth factor receptor(EGFR)/mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK) signaling pathway-mediated cell proliferation, this study explores the effect of cisplatin combined with Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment on Lewis lung cancer-bearing mice. A total of 60 male C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into a blank group with 10 mice and a modeling group with 50 mice. After modeling, they were randomly divided into the model group, cisplatin group, and low-, medium-, and high-dose groups of cisplatin combined with Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment, with 10 mice in each group. After 14 days of medication, the general condition of the mice was observed; body weight was measured, and organ index and tumor inhibition rate were calculated. Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the pathological morphology changes in tumor tissue. Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the positive rate of Ki-67 antigen(Ki-67) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen(PCNA) in tumor tissue. Western blot and real time-quantitative polymerase chain reaction(qPCR) were used to detect the expression of related proteins and mRNA in tumor tissue. Flow cytometry was used to detect the cell cycle of tumor cells in tumor tissue. The results showed that compared with that in the blank group, the general condition of mice in the model group deteriorated; the body weight, as well as thymus and spleen index of mice in the model group decreased after 14 days of medication. Compared with that in the model group, the general condition of mice in the cisplatin group deteriorated, while the condition of mice in the combined groups improved; the body weight, as well as thymus and spleen index of mice in the cisplatin group decreased, while the three indicators in the combined groups increased; the tumor weight of each medication group decreased, and the tumor inhibition rate increased; there were varying degrees of necrosis in tumor cells of each medication group, and the tightness of tumor cells, the increase in the number of cell nuclei and chromatin, and mitosis all decreased. The positive rate of Ki-67 and PCNA, as well as the protein expression and ratio of p-EGFR/EGFR, rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog(Ras), phosphorylated Raf-1 protein kinase(p-Raf-1)/Raf-1, phosphorylated mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase(p-MEK)/MEK, phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase(p-ERK)/ERK and the mRNA expression of EGFR, Ras, Raf-1, MEK, and ERK all decreased. The proportion of tumor cells in the G_0/G_1 phase of each medication group increased, and that in the S phase decreased. In addition, there was no significant difference in the G_2/M phase. Compared with that of the cisplatin group, the tumor weight of the combined groups decreased, and the tumor inhibition rate increased. The necrosis and mitosis of tumor cells in the combined groups were more pronounced; the positive rate of Ki-67 and PCNA, the protein expression and ratio of p-EGFR/EGFR, Ras, p-Raf-1/Raf-1, p-MEK/MEK, and p-ERK/ERK, as well as the mRNA expression of EGFR, Ras, Raf-1, MEK, and ERK in the combined groups all decreased. The proportion of tumor cells in the G_0/G_1 phase of the combined medium-and high-dose groups increased, and that in the S phase decreased. There was no significant difference in the proportion of tumor cells of the combined groups in the G_2/M phase. This indicates that the combination of cisplatin and Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment can enhance the anti-tumor effect of cisplatin on tumor-bearing mice, and the mechanism may be associated with the inhibition of the EGFR/MAPK pathway, which accelerates the arrest of tumor cells in the G_0/G_1 phase, thereby inhibiting the proliferation of tumor cells. At the same time, the study also indicates that Guiqi Yiyuan Ointment may reduce the damage of tumors to mice and the toxic side effects brought by cisplatin chemotherapy.
Animals ; Male ; Carcinoma, Lewis Lung/metabolism* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; ErbB Receptors/genetics* ; Mice ; Cisplatin/administration & dosage* ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Cell Proliferation/drug effects* ; Ointments/administration & dosage* ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects* ; Humans ; Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage* ; Lung Neoplasms/metabolism*

This study investigated the functions and regulatory mechanism of Portulacae Herba and its chemical components on the Toll-like receptor 4(TLR4)/myeloid differentiation primary response 88(MyD88)/nuclear factor kappa B(NF-κB) inflammatory signaling pathway in the colon tissue of mice with dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced ulcerative colitis(UC). A total of 35 mice were randomly divided into groups, including a blank group, a model group, a mesalazine group(0. 5 g·kg~(-1)), and low, medium,and high dose alkaloids from Portulacae Herba groups(9, 18, 36 mg·kg~(-1)), and a combination treatment group, with 5 mice in each group. The blank group was given purified water, while the other groups were continuously given a 3% DSS solution for 7 days to induce the UC model. From day 8 onwards, the treatment group received oral gavage according to the prescribed doses for 14 days. The overall condition, body weight, stool characteristics, and presence of blood in the stool were recorded daily. After the experiment, the disease activity index(DAI) was assessed for each group, and colon length was measured. Histopathological changes in colon tissue were examined using hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining. The levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α),and interleukin-1β( IL-1β) in serum were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay( ELISA). The protein and m RNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in colon tissue were measured using Western blot and quantitative real-time PCR(qPCR).Compared to the blank group, the model group showed a significant decrease in body weight, a notable increase in DAI scores, a significant shortening of colon length, and evident histopathological damage. The levels of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β in the serum were significantly elevated, and the protein and m RNA expression of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB in colon tissue were significantly up-regulated. In contrast, the alkaloids from Portulacae Herba treatment groups significantly improved symptoms and reduced body weight loss in mice, decreased DAI scores, alleviated colon shortening, lowered serum levels of TNF-α and IL-1β,significantly down-regulated the expression levels of TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB proteins and genes in colon tissue, as well as reduced histopathological damage. Therefore, the study suggests that alkaloids from Portulacae Herba can alleviate intestinal inflammation damage in DSS-induced UC mice, with its mechanism involving the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Animals ; Colitis, Ulcerative/immunology* ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/immunology* ; Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88/metabolism* ; Mice ; NF-kappa B/metabolism* ; Signal Transduction/drug effects* ; Male ; Alkaloids/administration & dosage* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Humans ; Female ; Colon/metabolism* ; Disease Models, Animal

Abelmoschi Corolla, the dried corolla of Abelmoschus manihot, has anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-fibrosis activities. Its chemical constituents mainly include flavonoids, organic acids, steroids, and polysaccharides. This study reviewed the research progress in the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities of Abelmoschi Corolla in recent 20 years. According to the concept of quality marker(Q-marker), the Q-markers of Abelmoschi Corolla were predicted from plant phylogeny, chemical constituent specificity, traditional efficacy, chemical constituent measurability, and absorbed constituents. The primary Q-markers for Abelmoschi Corolla were anticipated to include quercetin-3'-O-β-D-glucopyranoside, gossypetin-8-O-β-D-glucuronide, isoquercetin, myricetin,quercetin, and hyperoside, with the aim of providing reference data for improving the quality evaluation system of Abelmoschi Corolla.
Abelmoschus/chemistry* ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology* ; Flowers/chemistry* ; Humans ; Animals ; Quality Control ; Flavonoids/chemistry*

This study identified blood-entering components of Anshen Dropping Pills and explored their anti-insomnia effects and mechanisms. The main blood-entering components of Anshen Dropping Pills were detected and identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. The rationality of the formula was assessed by using enrichment analysis based on the relationship between drugs and symptoms, and core targets of its active components were selected as the the potential anti-insomnia targets of Anshen Dropping Pills through network pharmacology analysis. Furthermore, protein-protein interaction(PPI) network, Gene Ontology(GO) enrichment analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis were performed on the core targets. An active component-core target network for Anshen Dropping Pills was constructed. Finally, the effects of low-, medium-, and high-dose groups of Anshen Dropping Pills on sleep episodes, sleep duration, and sleep latency in mice were measured by supraliminal and subliminal pentobarbital sodium experiments. Moreover, total scores of the Pittsburgh sleep quality index(PSQI) scale was used to evaluate the changes before and after the treatment with Anshen Dropping Pills in a clinical study. The enrichment analysis based on the relationship between drugs and symptoms verified the rationality of the Anshen Dropping Pills formula, and nine blood-entering components of Anshen Dropping Pills were identified by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS. The network proximity revealed a significant correlation between eight components and insomnia, including magnoflorine, liquiritin, spinosin, quercitrin, jujuboside A, ginsenoside Rb_3, glycyrrhizic acid, and glycyrrhetinic acid. Network pharmacology analysis indicated that the major anti-insomnia pathways of Anshen Dropping Pills involved substance and energy metabolism, neuroprotection, immune system regulation, and endocrine regulation. Seven core genes related to insomnia were identified: APOE, ALB, BDNF, PPARG, INS, TP53, and TNF. In summary, Anshen Dropping Pills could increase sleep episodes, prolong sleep duration, and reduce sleep latency in mice. Clinical study results demonstrated that Anshen Dropping Pills could decrease total scores of PSQI scale. This study reveals the pharmacodynamic basis and potential multi-component, multi-target, and multi-pathway effects of Anshen Dropping Pills, suggesting that its anti-insomnia mechanisms may be associated with the regulation of insomnia-related signaling pathways. These findings offer a theoretical foundation for the clinical application of Anshen Dropping Pills.
Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/administration & dosage* ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry/methods* ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders/metabolism* ; Mice ; Network Pharmacology ; Male ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Humans ; Protein Interaction Maps/drug effects* ; Sleep/drug effects* ; Female ; Adult

The interactions between microorganisms and medicinal plants are crucial to the quality improvement of medicinal plants. Medicinal plants attract microorganisms to colonize by secreting specific compounds and provide niche and nutrient support for these microorganisms, with a symbiotic network formed. These microorganisms grow in the rhizosphere, phyllosphere, and endophytic tissues of plants and significantly improve the growth performance and medicinal component accumulation of medicinal plants by promoting nutrient uptake, enhancing disease resistance, and regulating the synthesis of secondary metabolites. Microorganisms are also widely used in the ecological planting of medicinal plants, and the growth conditions of medicinal plants are optimized by simulating the microbial effects in the natural environment. The interactions between microorganisms and medicinal plants not only significantly improve the yield and quality of medicinal plants but also enhance their geoherbalism, which is in line with the concept of green agriculture and eco-friendly development. This study reviewed the research results on the interactions between medicinal plants and microorganisms in recent years and focused on the analysis of the great potential of microorganisms in optimizing the growth environment of medicinal plants, regulating the accumulation of secondary metabolites, inducing systemic resistance, and promoting the ecological planting of medicinal plants. It provides a scientific basis for the research on the interactions between medicinal plants and microorganisms, the research and development of microbial agents, and the application of microorganisms in the ecological planting of medicinal plants and is of great significance for the quality improvement of medicinal plants and the green and sustainable development of TCM resources.
Plants, Medicinal/metabolism* ; Bacteria/genetics* ; Symbiosis

Medical institutions, with their clinical practice foundation and abundant human use experience data, have become important carriers for the inheritance and innovation of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) and the "cradles" of the preparation of new TCM. To effectively promote the transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and establish an effective evaluation index system for the transformation of new TCM conforming to the characteristics of TCM, consensus experts adopted the literature research, questionnaire survey, Delphi method, etc. By focusing on the policy and technical evaluation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions, a comprehensive evaluation from the dimensions of drug safety, efficacy, feasibility, and characteristic advantages was conducted, thus forming a comprehensive evaluation system with four primary indicators and 37 secondary indicators. The expert consensus reached aims to encourage medical institutions at all levels to continuously improve the high-quality research and development and transformation of new TCM originating from the TCM clinical practice in medical institutions and targeted at clinical needs, so as to provide a decision-making basis for the preparation, selection, cultivation, and transformation of new TCM for medical institutions, improve the development efficiency of new TCM, and precisely respond to the public medication needs.
Medicine, Chinese Traditional/standards* ; Humans ; Consensus ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal/therapeutic use* ; Surveys and Questionnaires