Objective:To analyze the genetic characteristics of coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) related to hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Jiaxing from 2021 to 2023, and understand the biological and molecular evolutionary characteristics of CVA16 in this city.Methods:Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect enterovirus and its types in collected HFMD case samples. At the same time, virus isolation and cultivation were performed on positive samples using RD cells. Then high-throughput sequencing of the whole genome was performed on 23 strains of CVA16 identified from the isolated samples. Finally we obtained its whole genome sequence. DNAStar, MEGA 6.0, Simplot 3.5.1 and other bioinformatics software were used to compare and analyze the sequences, construct the phylogenetic tree of VP1 region, and realize the genotype composition. And these software were also used to analyze the homology of the whole genome nucleotide sequence and the encoded amino acids, while know well the amino acid mutation sites and gene recombination in the main regions.Results:The results showed that among the 1 836 HFMD specimens tested from 2021 to 2023, 1 432 (78.00%, 1 432/1 836) were positive for enterovirus general genes, of which 263 were positive for CVA16, accounting for 18.37% (263/1 432) of the confirmed positive cases. Twenty-three CVA16 strains were sequenced and all of them were B1 subtype, of which 6 strains belong to B1b and 17 strains belong to B1a, with B1a being dominant. B1a strains in Jiaxing showed genetic relatedness to strains isolated in Beijing, Yunnan, Guangzhou, Jiangsu and other places in 2018 to 2023, as well as strains from Vietnam, Thailand, and Australia from 2015 to 2017. B1b strains exhibited consistent amino acid mutations of L23M in the VP1 region and V217I in the VP2 region, while B1a strains exhibited amino acid mutations of S14N/D, T164K, and V251I in the VP1 region and R41H in the VP3 region. Compared with the prototype strain, the 23 strains of CVA16 in Jiaxing accumulated the largest number of amino acid mutations in the coding region, with 28 and 50 mutations in the VP1 and 3D regions, respectively. The recombination patterns of B1a and B1b strains were slightly different, with B1a type showing recombination with CVA8 in the 5′-UTR region instead of CVA4, B1a was similar to enterovirus A71 in most of P2 and P3 regions, and recombined with CVA5 in the 3D region of P3.Conclusions:The prevalent strain of CVA16 in Jiaxing may share a common trend of co-circulation and evolution with those in other provinces. The recombination mainly occurs in the 5′-UTR region and non-structural protein coding regions of P2 and P3. Continuous molecular surveillance of CVA16 is in need, and whole-genome sequencing can help understand the genetic variation, evolution, and recombination of strains.This information will provide a more robust basis for the monitoring and early warning, vaccine development, and prevention and control efforts against HFMD.

In order to understand the epidemic situation of European porcine reproductive and re-spiratory syndrome virus 1(PRRSV1)in Henan Province,molecular epidemiological investigation and virus identification were conducted on clinical specimens from some large-scale pig farms in Henan Province.RT-PCR detection and sequencing were carried out using specific primers for PRRSVI ORF5 gene.As a result,eight PRRSV1 positive samples were detected with six ORF5 gene sequences and one full gene sequence obtained.A strain of PRRSVI named as HENZMD-10 was successfully isolated using PAM cells.Based on the genetic variation analysis,the six ORF5 genes obtained were all PRRSVI.The isolated strains have relatively large ORF5 gene genetic vari-ation,belonging to different branches on the genetic evolution tree.Among them,HENJZ-11,HENJY-7,and HENJY-8 were relatively close in genetic evolution and belonged to the same branch.The genome length of HENZMD-10 isolate was 15 071 bp.Alignment analysis showed that HENZMD-10 strain shared an 89.1％of nucleotide sequence with the LV strain;62.1％and 61.5％with PRRSV2 ATCC-VR2332 strain and the American NADC30 strain,respectively.The nucleotide similarity of HENZMD-10 strain with the domestic JXA1 strain was 61.6％.The phylo-genetic analysis using complete genome sequence showed that HENZMD-10 strain was relatively close to the domestic isolated PRRSV1 NVDC-NM1-2011,LNEU12 and FJEU13 strains.The suc-cessful isolation of one PRRSV1 strain in Henan Province provides the basis for understanding the epidemic dynamics and prevention and control of PRRSV1 in China.

In order to understand the epidemic situation of European porcine reproductive and re-spiratory syndrome virus 1(PRRSV1)in Henan Province,molecular epidemiological investigation and virus identification were conducted on clinical specimens from some large-scale pig farms in Henan Province.RT-PCR detection and sequencing were carried out using specific primers for PRRSVI ORF5 gene.As a result,eight PRRSV1 positive samples were detected with six ORF5 gene sequences and one full gene sequence obtained.A strain of PRRSVI named as HENZMD-10 was successfully isolated using PAM cells.Based on the genetic variation analysis,the six ORF5 genes obtained were all PRRSVI.The isolated strains have relatively large ORF5 gene genetic vari-ation,belonging to different branches on the genetic evolution tree.Among them,HENJZ-11,HENJY-7,and HENJY-8 were relatively close in genetic evolution and belonged to the same branch.The genome length of HENZMD-10 isolate was 15 071 bp.Alignment analysis showed that HENZMD-10 strain shared an 89.1％of nucleotide sequence with the LV strain;62.1％and 61.5％with PRRSV2 ATCC-VR2332 strain and the American NADC30 strain,respectively.The nucleotide similarity of HENZMD-10 strain with the domestic JXA1 strain was 61.6％.The phylo-genetic analysis using complete genome sequence showed that HENZMD-10 strain was relatively close to the domestic isolated PRRSV1 NVDC-NM1-2011,LNEU12 and FJEU13 strains.The suc-cessful isolation of one PRRSV1 strain in Henan Province provides the basis for understanding the epidemic dynamics and prevention and control of PRRSV1 in China.

Objective:To analyze the genetic characteristics of coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16) related to hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in Jiaxing from 2021 to 2023, and understand the biological and molecular evolutionary characteristics of CVA16 in this city.Methods:Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect enterovirus and its types in collected HFMD case samples. At the same time, virus isolation and cultivation were performed on positive samples using RD cells. Then high-throughput sequencing of the whole genome was performed on 23 strains of CVA16 identified from the isolated samples. Finally we obtained its whole genome sequence. DNAStar, MEGA 6.0, Simplot 3.5.1 and other bioinformatics software were used to compare and analyze the sequences, construct the phylogenetic tree of VP1 region, and realize the genotype composition. And these software were also used to analyze the homology of the whole genome nucleotide sequence and the encoded amino acids, while know well the amino acid mutation sites and gene recombination in the main regions.Results:The results showed that among the 1 836 HFMD specimens tested from 2021 to 2023, 1 432 (78.00%, 1 432/1 836) were positive for enterovirus general genes, of which 263 were positive for CVA16, accounting for 18.37% (263/1 432) of the confirmed positive cases. Twenty-three CVA16 strains were sequenced and all of them were B1 subtype, of which 6 strains belong to B1b and 17 strains belong to B1a, with B1a being dominant. B1a strains in Jiaxing showed genetic relatedness to strains isolated in Beijing, Yunnan, Guangzhou, Jiangsu and other places in 2018 to 2023, as well as strains from Vietnam, Thailand, and Australia from 2015 to 2017. B1b strains exhibited consistent amino acid mutations of L23M in the VP1 region and V217I in the VP2 region, while B1a strains exhibited amino acid mutations of S14N/D, T164K, and V251I in the VP1 region and R41H in the VP3 region. Compared with the prototype strain, the 23 strains of CVA16 in Jiaxing accumulated the largest number of amino acid mutations in the coding region, with 28 and 50 mutations in the VP1 and 3D regions, respectively. The recombination patterns of B1a and B1b strains were slightly different, with B1a type showing recombination with CVA8 in the 5′-UTR region instead of CVA4, B1a was similar to enterovirus A71 in most of P2 and P3 regions, and recombined with CVA5 in the 3D region of P3.Conclusions:The prevalent strain of CVA16 in Jiaxing may share a common trend of co-circulation and evolution with those in other provinces. The recombination mainly occurs in the 5′-UTR region and non-structural protein coding regions of P2 and P3. Continuous molecular surveillance of CVA16 is in need, and whole-genome sequencing can help understand the genetic variation, evolution, and recombination of strains.This information will provide a more robust basis for the monitoring and early warning, vaccine development, and prevention and control efforts against HFMD.

Objective:To explore the establishment of an evaluation index system for the core competence of nurses in oncology department.Methods:A research team was established. The framework of the core competence evaluation index system for oncology nurses and the expert consultation questionnaire were initially constructed. Based on the initially constructed core competence framework system and the implementation principle of Delphi expert correspondence, the letter inquiry materials were sent by WeChat or email. The members of the research team collected expert opinions and conducted screening, integration, statistical analysis, and modification. When the expert correspondence opinions reached a consensus, the letter inquiry was stopped. An evaluation index system for the core competence of oncology nurses was finally established. Data were analyzed using SPSS 20.0. The expert authority coefficient was calculated based on the judgment coefficient and the familiarity coefficient. The coordination of expert opinions was assessed using the coefficient of variation (CV) and Kendall's coefficient of concordance.Results:A total of 15 experts from grade A tertiary hospitals in many provinces and cities in China were included in two rounds of expert correspondence. The effective recovery rate of the two rounds of expert consultation questionnaire was 100.00%, and the expert authority coefficients of the two rounds were 0.91 and 0.89, respectively. The CVs of the first, second, and third indices in the first and second rounds of expert consultation were 0-0.348 and 0-0.226, respectively. After the two rounds of expert consultation, the CVs of all indices were <0.25. Finally, the evaluation index system for the core competence of oncology nurses was established, including 3 first-level indicators, 17 second-level indicators, and 45 third-level indicators.Conclusions:The evaluation index system for the core competence of oncology nurses constructed in this study provides a theoretical basis and practical guide for the evaluation and training of oncology nurse core competence in China.

Objective: To examine the Longitudinal influence of perceived discrimination on pro social behavior of left alone junior middle school students and to explore the longitudinal mediating role of teacher-student relationship and classmate relationship, so as to provide a reference for improving pro social behavior of left behind junior middle school students. Methods: The Perceived Discrimination Questionnaire, Teacher-Student Relationship Questionnaire, Classmate Relationship Questionnaire and Prosocial Behavior Questionnaire were used to conduct two follow up surveys on 930 left behind junior middle school students in Guizhou Province at two time points, in mid November 2021(T1) and mid May 2022(T2). Deviation corrected Bootstrap method was used to examine the mediating effect of T2 teacher-student relationship and T2 classmate relationship on the impact of T1 discrimination perception on T2 pro social behavior. Results: The perceptions of discrimination, teacher-student relationship, classmate relationship, and pro social behavior scores of the left behind junior high school students were (1.98±0.94) (4.13± 0.77 ) (3.54±0.91) (3.52±0.75) for T1, and (3.98±0.83)(3.42±0.86)(3.48±0.72) for teacher-student relationship, classmate relationships and pro social behavior scrores of T2. After controlling for gender, age and self assessment of family economic status, T1 perceived discrimination negatively predicted T2 pro social behavior ( β =-0.07); and T1 perceived discrimination indirectly influenced T2 pro social behavior through T2 teacher-student relationship, and mediated effect value was -0.02(95% CI = -0.02 to -0.01); and T1 perceived discrimination indirectly influenced T2 pro social behavior through T2 classmate relationship, mediated effect was -0.03(95% CI =-0.05 to -0.02)( P <0.05). Conclusions Perceived discrimination not only directly reduces pro social behavior of left behind junior middle school students, but also indirectly and negatively affects pro social behavior of left alone junior middle school students by reducing teacher-student relationship and classmate relationship.

Regional odontodysplasia(ROD)is a localized developmental anomaly involving deciduous and perma-nent dentition,with a significant impact on patients.The affected teeth display unique ghost-like radiological characteris-tics,clinically manifesting as delayed tooth eruption,abnormal tooth morphology,and recurrent swelling of gingiva.In this paper,we report a case of a 2-year-old patient with ROD whose chief complaint was facial cellulitis.We analyze the medical history,clinical examination,radiographic findings,and histologic findings,and review the pathological fea-tures,pathogenesis,multidisciplinary diagnosis,and treatment of ROD.This rare case,which offers clinical samples for its further study,can provide a deeper study of ROD.

Humans ; Adult ; Serum Albumin, Human ; Consensus ; Cardiac Surgical Procedures ; Thoracic Surgery

Objective:This study aimed at analyzing risk factors associated with surgical outcomes of neonatal total anomalous pulmonary venous connection (TAPVC) in our center.Methods:A total of 105 neonates who underwent surgical repair for TAPVC from January 1st, 2009 to January 1st, 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The anatomical types of TAPVC included supracardiac 42(40%, 42/105), cardiac 21(20%, 21/105), infracardiac 36(34.3%, 36/105), and mixed 6(5.7%, 6/105). The Cox proportional hazards analysis was used to analyze the risk factors related to postoperative pulmonary venous obstruction (PVO) and mortality. Kaplan- Meier analysis was used to analyze the overall survival rates. Results:Twenty-six patients (24.8%, 26/105) were diagnosed with preoperative PVO. The 30-day, 1 year, and 5 years survival rate was 92.4%, 86.7%, and 86.7% respectively. Postoperative PVO occurred in 17 patients (16.2%, 17/105). Preoperative acidosis, low surgical weight, prolonged duration of cardiopulmonary bypass time, increasing postoperative central venous pressure (CVP), and reoperation were risk factors associated with mortality. Preoperative acidosis ( P<0.001), prolonged duration of cardiopulmonary bypass time ( P<0.001), and increasing postoperative CVP ( P=0.005) were independent risk factors for mortality. Mixed TAPVC, preoperative acidosis, low surgical age, prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time, postoperative pulmonary arterial hypertension were risk factors associated with postoperative PVO. Prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time ( P=0.029), postoperative pulmonary arterial hypertension ( P<0.001), and mixed TAPVC ( P=0.017) were independent risk factors associated with postoperative PVO. Conclusion:The surgical outcomes of neonatal TAPVC in our center were acceptable, with low mortality rate and incidence of PVO. However, neonates with preoperative acidosis, prolonged duration of cardiopulmonary bypass time, and increased postoperative CVP had a poor prognosis. Patients with mixed TAPVC were at increased risk for postoperative PVO.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a weighted least square method for the accelerated degradation analysis of protein-type biological standard substances.METHODS: A mathematical model was proposed to estimate the parameters of degradation rate constants k at the elevated temperatures based on the Arrhenius or Eyring equation and chemical reaction principles under the suitable assumptions. Hence, it is probably to predict the stability of biological standard at the normal condition by solving the model.RESULTS: According to the experimental data of recombinant human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and interferon α-2a, the preliminary numerical experiments were also performed and the results confirm the reliability of the method in the paper.CONCLUSION: The same methodology may be applied in the pharmaceutical industry where it is necessary to predict the viable shelf-life of biological products.