Cryoablation is a local ablation treatment based on the hypothermia effect,which has been widely used in the treatment of various solid tumors throughout the body.However,low freezing efficiency and insufficient accuracy are the problems in clinical cryoablation therapy which need to be solved urgently.With the continuous progress of nanoscience,various types of nanoparticles have been developed and applied in clinical practice.After being loaded into the target area,the nanoparticles can exert functions such as targeted drug delivery as well as image enhancement,which provides the possibility to break through the current clinical application bottleneck of cryoablation therapy.This paper aims to make a comprehensive review about several currently commonly-used nanoparticles for cryoablation therapy,focusing on their main functions and mechanisms,with the hope that the physicians concerned can get a further detailed understanding of the nanoparticles and lay a solid foundation for conducting in-depth researches and achieving clinical transformation.

Objective By population survey,to explore the epidemiological characteristics of gastric precancerous lesions in Lishui District of Nanjing and provide objective basis for the prevention and treatment of early gastric cancer.Methods From July 2021 to December 2022,21 977 patients who received endoscopy and/or 13C-UBT in Lishui District People's Hospital and 6 medical community units in Nanjing City were retrospectively analyzed for demography characteristics,detection rate of gastric precancerous lesions,and H.Pylori infection rate.Results(1)590 cases of gastric precancerous lesions were detected(detection rate 2.68%);(2)The total detection rate of precancerous lesions and three pathological types in males were all higher than those in females(all P<0.001);(3)The minimum age for the total detection rate of precancerous lesions in males and the mini-mum age for each pathological type were lower than in females(P<0.001,0.009,0.005,0.002);(4)The popu-lation total H.pylori infection rate was 23.10%,the H.pylori infection rate in patients with precancerous lesions was higher than that in non-precancerous lesions(P<0.001),both H.pylori infection rate of male and female in precancerous lesions were all higher than those of non-precancerous lesions of the same sex(all P<0.001),in addition,the H.pylori infection rate of male whether in precancerous or non-precancerous lesions was higher than that of female(all P<0.001);(5)The precancerous lesions detection rate in male,female,and the overall age range of 20～29 to 70～79 years is positively correlated with age growth(P<0.001),and rapidly decreases after the age of 79,the of H.pylori infection rate was also positively correlated with age growth(P<0.001),and the trend of age change(P<0.001)was parallel to the precancerous lesions detection rate.Conclusions The detec-tion rate of gastric precancerous lesions in this region is above the average level in China;the total H.pylori infec-tion rate is at a relatively low level in China;the H.pylori infection rate is parallel to the age trend of the detection rate of gastric precancerous lesions,and increases with age.

Objective:To analyze the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of intracranial primary diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).Methods:Clinical data of 205 patients pathologically diagnosed with intracranial primary DLBCL at Sun Yat-sen University Cancer center from March 2001 to September 2020 were retrospectively analyzed. Among them, 101 patients were male and 104 female, the median age was 54 years old. Non-germinal center B cell (GCB) subtype accounted for 74.1%(126/170). A total of 177 patients received high-dose methotrexate (HD-MTX) and 91 patients received rituximab. After induction chemotherapy, 59 patients (30.4%) achieved complete response (CR), 112 patients (57.7%) achieved partial response (PR) or stable disease (SD). A total of 83 patients received consolidation or salvage radiotherapy, and only 14 patients received autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). The influence of pathological type, chemotherapy, rituximab treatment, radiotherapy and radiotherapy mode, ASCT and other factors on the overall survival (OS) and progression free survival (PFS) was evaluated. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Univariate prognostic analysis was performed by log-rank test. Multivariate prognostic analysis was conducted by COX model.Results:The median follow-up time was 34 months. The 5-year OS and PFS rates were 55.6% and 44.2%, respectively. GCB subtype, chemotherapy with HD-MTX, rituximab treatment, remission status after induction chemotherapy, and radiotherapy were favorable prognostic factors for OS or PFS, in which the last three were the independent prognostic factors. Consolidation radiotherapy in patients who obtained CR after induction chemotherapy did not significantly improve survival, while salvage radiotherapy in patients who achieved PR/SD after induction chemotherapy significantly improved both OS and PFS(both P<0.01). Consolidation radiotherapy showed no significant survival difference compared with consolidation ASCT. Conclusions:The non-GCB subtype of intracranial primary DLBCL is related to poor prognosis. The addition of rituximab to HD-MTX based induction chemotherapy can improve survival. Radiotherapy is still an important treatment for intracranial primary DLBCL, and there are limitations of ASCT in practical clinical application.

Objective:To investigate the related risk factors of thrombocytopenia grade 2+ G2(+ )] in patients with gastric cancer during chemoradiotherapy.Methods:The pre-treatmentclinical data, hematologic parameters, and the correlation between dose distribution of vertebrae andTPG2(+ ) in non-metastaticgastric adenocarcinoma patients receiving concurrent chemoradiation in Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center were retrospectively analyzed.Results:A total of 58 patients were included, including 23 cases (40%) in theTPG2(+ ) group and 35(60%) in the TPG2(-) group. There was no statistical difference in baseline clinical data between two groups (all P>0.05). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that several baseline parameters including platelet count (PLT), basophil count (BA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and length of CTV (LCTV), the number of vertebrae (VBN), vertebral body volume (VBV), D max, D mean, V 5Gy, V 10Gy, V 20Gy, V 30Gy and V 40Gywere correlated with TPG2(+ )(all P<0.05). However, the multivariate Logistic regressionanalysisshowed that low PLT ( P=0.048), high LDH ( P=0.028), increased LCTV ( P=0.013), high V 20Gy/VBN ( P=0.030) were associated with the risk of TPG2(+ ). Conclusion:In gastric adenocarcinoma patients treated with chemoradiotherapy, correction of PLT reduction before treatment, avoidinglonger CTV and controlled V 20Gy correction for vertebral number may reduce significant thrombocytopenia induced by chemoradiotherapy.

Objective:To investigate the association of plasma EBV-DNA copy number, serum cytokines and B symptoms in patients with extranodal natural killer/T-cell lymphoma, nasal type (ENKTL), unravel the mechanism and assess the prognostic value of clinical indicators.Methods:Clinical data of 173 newly-diagnosed ENKTL patients (116 male, 57 female; median age: 43, 4 to 71 years)were retrospectively analyzed. According to Ann Arbor stage, 126 cases were classified as stage I-II and 47 cases of stage Ⅲ-IV. The primary sites of tumors included nasal cavity (n=100), extranasal upper aerodigestive tract (extranasal UADT, n=34), and extra-upper aerodigestive tract (extra-UADT, n=39). Prior to treatment, 91 patients had B symptoms and 82 cases of without B symptoms. According to plasma EBV-DNA copy levels, all patients were divided into the negative group (n=36), low load group (<10 4 copies/ml, n=73) and high load group (≥10 4 copies/ml, n=64). Serum cytokines including IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α were detected. Correlation analysis was performed by Cochran-Armitage trend test and Spearman correlation analysis. Survival analysis was conducted using univariate and multivariate Cox regression hazard analysis and survival curves were derived from Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results:The incidence of B symptoms and fever showed a significant upward trend with the increasing plasma EBV-DNA copy levels. In addition, serum levels of IFN-γ, IL-6 and IL-10 cytokines were higher in patients with B symptoms than those without B symptoms (all P<0.05). Serum IFN-γ, IL-6, and IL-10 levels were also positively correlated with plasma EBV-DNA copy number. The occurrence of B symptoms was associated with high-risk clinical features including advanced stage, primary tumor invasion, regional lymph node involvement, and elevated pre-treatment LDH. Survival analysis showed that stage, B symptoms, plasma EBV-DNA, and the above serum cytokines affected the prognosis of overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) (all P<0.05). However, multivariate analysis showed that the occurrence of B symptoms was not an independent prognostic factor of ENKTL patients. Conclusion:This exploratory study suggests that the incidence of B symptoms is associated with increasing levels of EBV-DNA copies and cytokines, and these indicators are also important factors influencing the prognosis of ENKTL patients.

Objective:To investigate the quality of life in patients with early-stage extra-nodal NK/T cell lymphoma of nasal type (ENKTL) arising from the upper aerodigestive tract, who had remained progression-free survival (PFS) for over 3 months after definitive intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), and to analyze the factors related to main adverse symptoms.Methods:276 patients who received IMRT from March, 2012 to June, 2021 were included. There were 201 males and 75 females with a median age of 41.5 years (range: 13-81 years) upon diagnosis. Consistent target delineation schemes and similar dose gradients were adopted for IMRT, with a median prescribed dose of 54.6 Gy/26F. Cross-sectional investigation was performed with a modified EORTC QLQ-H&N35 questionnaire, the incidence and severity of adverse symptoms, severity of disease and their influencing factors at each time-point during their survival were statistically analyzed.Results:The median age of patients at the investigation was 46.2 years, and the median PFS after IMRT was 47.2 months (range: 3.1-115.7 months). The most common adverse symptoms included nasal symptoms (incidence rate 63.8%), dry mouth (50%), tooth diseases (47.1%), smell and taste alteration, and sexual apathy, etc. Most symptoms were mild (the average standardized score was 5.50, the full score of 100 indicating the most severe), and could be relieved remarkably over survival time, but some symptoms, such as tooth diseases and sexual apathy, were more obvious and recurred for several years. Age and anti-PD-1 immune therapy influenced the symptom scores, and tooth diseases were closely correlated with dry mouth. Conclusion:The quality of life in patients with early-stage ENKTL after definitive IMRT is high, and the most significant symptoms include nasal symptoms, tooth diseases, and sexual apathy, etc. , which need to be mitigated with more studies.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a digital subtraction angiography (DSA) information management and image analysis system to realize scientific management of DSA image information and efficient processing of image data. METHODS: Based on Java Web under Windows 7 environment, a dynamic Browser/Server mode system was constructed by JSP and Servlet on the network. Eclipse and MySQL were used as development tool and database development platform. Tomcat network information service was used as application server. Matlab codes were embedded to analyze DSA image. RESULTS: The system consists of five modules:image information management, image processing, image analysis, advanced retrieval and clinical data management. It may complete such process as storing, deleting, saving, analyzing of DSA image and basic information of patients. CONCLUSIONS The main interface of the system is user-friendly and easy to operate. The system will be helpful to the clinical, teaching and scientific research work related to DSA.
Angiography, Digital Subtraction ; statistics & numerical data ; Databases, Factual ; Humans ; Indonesia ; Information Management ; Internet ; Software ; User-Computer Interface

Objective To analyze the risk factors that affect the early recurrence (recurrence occurring within 3 months after surgical resection) of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and to discuss the risk factors influencing the survival after hepatectomy. Methods The clinical data of 257 HCC patients, who were admitted to authors' hospital during the period from January 1, 2007 to March 31, 2014 to receive cTACE within 3 months after surgical resection of hepatocellular carcinoma, were retrospectively analyzed. According to DSA findings (lipiodol CT scan was performed in part of patients with undetermined diagnosis), the patients were divided into recurrence group and non-recurrence group. By using univariate analysis and multiple logistic regression analysis, the correlation of the clinical and pathological data with the early recurrence was analyzed. The patients were followed up, the survival time was recorded. The relationship between patient's clinical data and postoperative survival was evaluated. Results ① Of the 257 patients, early recurrence was detected in 150 patients (58. 4％, recurrence group) and no recurrence was observed in 107 patients (41. 6％, non-recurrence group). ②The presence of satellite nodules and the integrity of tumor encapsulation were two independent factors associated with the postoperative residual lesions. ③The maximum diameter of the tumor, Edmondson grade and the vascular cancer thrombus were the independent risk factors affecting survival. ④The median survival time of patients in recurrence group was markedly shortened than that of patients in non-recurrence group (39 months vs. 93 months). Conclusion The early recurrence (within 3 months after resection) of hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with the presence of satellite nodules and the integrity of tumor encapsulation. The survival of patients after hepatectomy is related to the maximum diameter of the tumor, Edmondson grade and the vascular cancer thrombus. The median survival time in patients having early recurrence is significantly shortened than that in patients having no early recurrence. (J Intervent Radiol, 2018, 27: 215-222)

Objective To explore the effectiveness,safety and influencing factors of arterial infusion of oxaliplatin for the treatment of colorectal l1iver metastases after surgery.Methods Totally 68 colorectal liver metastases after surgery patients pathologically confirmed received at least two course of arterial infusion of oxaliplatin combined with TACE.According to postoperative intravenous chemotherapy,the patients were divided into group A (no chemotherapy) and group B (chemotherapy).Survival time of patients were followed up.According to the efficacy of solid tumor evaluation criteria the objective effect was evaluated,the adverse reactions were compared between two groups.Cox regression analysis was performed to assess the possible factors influencing survival time.Results The median overall survival (OS) of all the 68 patients was 18 months,with complete remission 16 cases,partial remission 26 cases,stable diseasse 21 cases,stable diseasse 5 cases,the response rate (RR) was 61.76％ (42/68).The median progression-free survival (PFS) was 10 months.The RR,OS and PFS had no statistical difference (all P＞0.05).The variables that eventually entered the Cox regression model were tumor differentiation (P=0.003,hazard ratio 2.202).Conclusion Arterial infusion of oxaliplatin and TACE is effective in treating colorectal liver metastases after surgery,with high objective response rate.

Objective To summarize the postoperative complications of reconstruction of mandible defect with titanium reconstruction plate.Methods A total of 111 cases of the mandibular defect caused by various reasons and repaired by titanium reconstruction plate in the Department Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery of the affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University from 2003 to 2012 were collected and followed up.The complications were analyzed.Results Thirty-seven percent of 111 cases showed long term complications.The titanium fracture was the main complication(16％[18/111]),followed by stress-shielding (9％[10/111]),infection(8％[9/111]),and titanium plate exposure(4％[4/111]).Titanium plate fracture occurred within 8 months and 3 years after surgery.The simple titanium plate reconstruction had the highest rate of plate fracture(30％[15/50]).Stress-shielding in non-vascularized bone graft was more significant than that in vascularized bone graft(P＜0.05).When replaced by mini-titanium plate,the stress-shielding effect disappeared gradually.When the retention of mandibular margin height was less than 1 cm with the use of reconstruction plate,the postoperative complications were prone to occur.Conclusions Bone graft is the best way to reconstruct mandibular defect,and simple reconstruction plate repair is applied only as a transitional means for high degree of malignancy,obvious recurrence tendency tumor or special reasons such as age etc,which are not suitable for bone graft.The reconstruction plate fixation is not recommended for bone graft,especially non-vascularized bone graft.The retention of mandibular margin with reconstruction plate fixation is open to discussion.