Objective:To analyze the genetic characteristics of varicella-zoster virus（VZV）in Anhui province from 2022 to 2023.Methods:Vesicle fluid and throat swab samples were collected from suspected varicella patients in Anhui province during 2022—2023. Fresh vesicle fluid samples were selected for VZV isolation，and real-time PCR was used for VZV nucleic acid detection. For positive samples，the region containing five single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）sites in the open reading frame 22（ORF22）fragment was amplified，and PCR products were sequenced to identify viral genotypes. Reference sequences of VZV genotypes were downloaded from GenBank，sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis were performed using Sequencher and MEGA5.0 software. Additionally，four SNP sites in ORF38 and ORF62 fragments were detected to distinguish vaccine strains from wild strains.Results:Among 96 samples from suspected varicella cases，55 of 61 vesicle fluid samples and 21 of 35 throat swab samples were positive for VZV nucleic acid. The virus isolation rate for vesicle fluid samples was 14.75%. Genetic sequencing was successful for 51 strains，all of which were wild strains belonging to the clade 2 genetic branch. Compared with the reference strain of clade 2，the nucleotide and amino acid homologies of the ORF22 fragment were 99.46%~100% and 98.39%~100%，respectively. One strain（2023VZVCZ45）exhibited an A→G mutation at site 37916.Conclusion:The prevalent VZV strains detected in Anhui province during 2022—2023 were all wild strains of clade 2，with no vaccine-associated cases identified.

Currently, the immunization program has entered a new era of high-quality development. Implementing the standardized management of vaccination units is a necessary means to achieve the high-quality development of immunization programs. Although significant achievements have been made in vaccination work in China, there are still many urgent problems to be solved in vaccination work under the new situation, which poses new challenges to standardized management of vaccination units. This paper analyzes the problems faced by the standardized management of vaccination units based on a review of the work content at various stages of management, and discusses strategies and suggestions for the standardized management of vaccination units.

Currently, the immunization program has entered a new era of high-quality development. Implementing the standardized management of vaccination units is a necessary means to achieve the high-quality development of immunization programs. Although significant achievements have been made in vaccination work in China, there are still many urgent problems to be solved in vaccination work under the new situation, which poses new challenges to standardized management of vaccination units. This paper analyzes the problems faced by the standardized management of vaccination units based on a review of the work content at various stages of management, and discusses strategies and suggestions for the standardized management of vaccination units.

Objective:To analyze the genetic characteristics of varicella-zoster virus（VZV）in Anhui province from 2022 to 2023.Methods:Vesicle fluid and throat swab samples were collected from suspected varicella patients in Anhui province during 2022—2023. Fresh vesicle fluid samples were selected for VZV isolation，and real-time PCR was used for VZV nucleic acid detection. For positive samples，the region containing five single nucleotide polymorphism（SNP）sites in the open reading frame 22（ORF22）fragment was amplified，and PCR products were sequenced to identify viral genotypes. Reference sequences of VZV genotypes were downloaded from GenBank，sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis were performed using Sequencher and MEGA5.0 software. Additionally，four SNP sites in ORF38 and ORF62 fragments were detected to distinguish vaccine strains from wild strains.Results:Among 96 samples from suspected varicella cases，55 of 61 vesicle fluid samples and 21 of 35 throat swab samples were positive for VZV nucleic acid. The virus isolation rate for vesicle fluid samples was 14.75%. Genetic sequencing was successful for 51 strains，all of which were wild strains belonging to the clade 2 genetic branch. Compared with the reference strain of clade 2，the nucleotide and amino acid homologies of the ORF22 fragment were 99.46%~100% and 98.39%~100%，respectively. One strain（2023VZVCZ45）exhibited an A→G mutation at site 37916.Conclusion:The prevalent VZV strains detected in Anhui province during 2022—2023 were all wild strains of clade 2，with no vaccine-associated cases identified.

ObjectiveTo screen and validate key enzyme genes affecting the polysaccharide content in different Polygonatum species and perform in-depth amino acid sequence analysis by transcriptomic analysis of P. zanlanscianense， P. kingianum， and P. cyrtonema rhizomes to enrich the transcriptome data of Polygonatum plants and provide references for polysaccharide biosynthesis mechanism and genetic improvement. MethodThe Polygonatum transcriptome was sequenced and analyzed using the Illumina NovaSeq high-throughput sequencing platform， and the differences in the transcriptomes of the three Polygonatum species were compared and according to the annotations of Nr， Gene Ontology （GO）， and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） databases. The key enzymes in the polysaccharide metabolism pathway were screened， and the expression of key enzyme genes was clustered and correlated with the polysaccharide content. Finally， Real-time polymerase chain reaction （Real-time PCR） was performed to validate the eight key enzyme genes， and the key genes of polysaccharide biosynthesis were further screened for homologous gene sequence analysis in combination with sequencing results， followed by constructing phylogenetic trees， predicting motifs， conserved structural domains， protein sequence isoelectric points， and molecular weights， and constructing 3D protein structures by using homology modeling method. ResultThe annotation of the Nr database revealed that three Polygonatum species had the highest gene homology with Asparagus officinalis. GO database annotation results showed that three Polygonatum species differed significantly in binding， catalytic activity， metabolic processes， and cellular components， while the KEGG pathway annotation results indicated that three Polygonatum species differed significantly in the starch and sucrose metabolic pathway and galactose metabolic pathway. According to clustering analysis， correlation analysis， Real-time PCR， expression profiles， and structural and functional predictions of amino acid sequences， the key enzyme significantly affecting the polysaccharide content in different Polygonatum species was inferred to be β-fructofuranosidase （sacA）. ConclusionSacA may be the main influencing factor for the difference in polysaccharide content of Polygonatum， and is also an important reason why Polygonatum polysaccharides are mainly fructans.

Objective     To investigate the combined effects of digastric muscle low frequency modulated medium frequency electro-acupuncture therapy and voice training for dysphagia in patients who underwent aortic arch surgery. Methods     Forty-two consecutive patients with dysphagia after aortic arch surgery between October 2014 and November 2017 were divided into two groups including an observation group and a control group. There were 21 patients in each group. There were 17 males and 4 females at age of 51.0±6.5 years in the observation group, while 18 males and 3 females at age of 49.8±7.3 years in the control group. The patients in the observation group underwent electroacupuncture therapy and voice training (20 min per day for each therapy, 2 weeks), while the patients in the control group only received safe swallowing education and rehabilitation guidance (2 weeks). The test results, such as fibrolaryngoscope and functional oral intake scale (FOIS) score, and the data of computer phonatory detection, before and after the intervention were  compared. Results     The fibrolaryngoscope of vocal cords significantly decreased and the FOIS score significantly increased after digastric muscle low frequency modulated medium frequency electro-acupuncture therapy and voice training in the observation group(6.30 vs. 4.60, P<0.05). Bucking was obviously reduced. The indicators of hoarse degree, such as median pitch, fundamental frequency, jitter (0.60%±0.96% vs. 1.99%±1.86%, P=0.033), shimmer (2.47%±4.26% vs. 5.89%±3.66%, P=0.043), maximum phonation time (15.31±9.10 s vs. 3.72±8.83 s, P=0.006), maximum and loud phonation time (9.30±5.73 s vs. 2.32±2.99 s, P=0.039), mean noise-to-harmonics ratio (23.99±10.17 vs .9.98±9.37, P=0.006) and mean harmonics-to-noise ratio (0.03±0.02 vs. 0.17±0.23, P=0.019) improved after the treatment in both groups. But the improvement in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group. Conclusion     The combination of digastric muscle low frequency modulated medium frequency electro-acupuncture therapy and voice training on dysphagia in patients who underwent aortic arch surgery can significantly improve the swallowing function of patients. Meanwhile, it also helps the recovery of phonic function and improves the ability of feeding and communication in these patients.