Background Animal farming may affect the structure and diversity of gut microbiota of farm workers, but it needs more studies to provide solid evidence. Objective To analyze the diversity characteristics of gut microbiota in dairy farm workers, dairy cows, and the control population (non-animal contact occupational group), and to assess the impact of dairy farming on the gut microbiota of workers. Methods The 16S rRNA full-length amplicon sequencing technology was used to sequence 60 fecal samples from dairy farm workers, 89 from dairy cows, and 50 from the general population. The gut microbiota structure characteristics, including operational taxonomic units (OTUs), alpha diversity, beta diversity, and the composition of species at the phylum, family, and genus levels were analyzed. The differences in gut microbiota among the three groups of samples were compared to explore the impact of occupational exposure on the gut microbiota structure of dairy farm workers. Results A total of 50478 OTUs were identified in the gut microbiota of farm workers, dairy cows, and the general population, with 23613, 42723, and 16592 OTUs, respectively. The number of shared OTUs between the dairy cows and the general population was 12674 (27.17%), between the general population and the farm workers was 10099 (33.54%), and between the dairy cows and the farm workers was 17690 (36.36%). Compared with the general population, the farm workers and dairy cows showed more shared gut microbiota (P<0.01). The abundance of Firmicutes in the gut of the farm workers was higher than that of the general population (P<0.01), while Actinobacteriota and Proteobacteria were the opposite (P<0.01). The alpha diversity of gut microbiota in the farm workers was different from that of the general population. The ACE index of the farm workers was slightly lower than that of the general population and much lower than that of dairy cows (P<0.05), while their Shannon index was higher than that of the general population but lower than that of dairy cows (P<0.01). The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LefSe) showed that the abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae in the gut microbiota of the farm workers were significantly higher than those of the general population, while Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae were lower than those of the general population. Conclusion The dairy farm workers shares a certain proportion of common bacterial communities with dairy cows. Dairy farming operations can affect the structure and diversity of the gut microbiota of workers by increasing the abundances of Lachnospiraceae and Ruminococcaceae, while decreasing the abundances of Streptococcaceae, Lactobacillaceae, Bifidobacteriaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, and Erysipelatoclostridiaceae. The study results provide reference data for further exploring the cross-host transmission of pathogens related to occupational exposure in dairy farming.

Objective: To explore the relative importance of different food attributes and levels in food decision making of school aged children, and to understand their meal preferences, so as to provide the evidence for formulating precise intervention strategies for dietary behaviours of school aged children. Methods: From May to June 2024, a total of 854 children aged 11 to 15 years old were selected from 2 middle schools (each school in urban and rural areas) in both Hubei Province and Anhui Province by stratified cluster random sampling method to conduct a D-optimal discrete choice experiment. The mixed Logit model was used to analyze children s preference for meal attributes and different levels, and to calculate the relative importance (RI) of attributes and willingness to pay (WTP) in meal choices. Results: The included five food attributes had statistical significance on meal choice of school aged children ( P <0.05). The relative importance of food attributes affecting the meal choices of school aged children in descending order were dining mode ( RI =31.26%), food varieties ( RI =30.56%), cooking method( RI =23.84%), taste( RI =8.06%) and price ( RI =6.27%). Among them, school aged children preferred home cooked meals ( β =0.74) (WTP=86.3 yuan),varied foods(grain/tubers+vegetables+fish, meat, eggs and beans) ( β =0.61) (WTP=71.9 yuan), fried/roasted cooking ( β =0.51) and spicy taste ( β =0.33).Price was negatively correlated with meal choices( β =-0.01) ( P <0.05). Based on residential area and body mass index (BMI), the stratified analysis showed that dining mode was highest in the relative importance for rural children with overweight and obese children ( RI =31.28%,34.17%), both of whom preferred home cooked meals ( β =0.76, 0.91), and meals containing fish, meat, eggs and beans with grain/tubers or grain/tubers and vegetables in terms of food choice (area: β =0.53, 0.53 ; BMI: β =0.55, 0.56) ( P <0.05). Conclusions School aged children have different preferences for different attributes of meals. The quality of school meals should be improved,the cost of buying healthy meals should be reduced,targeted family health education should be carried out,and healthy cooking methods should be advocated.

Environmental factors such as air pollutants,plastic micro-particles,ionizing radiation,and traffic noise promote the onset and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(CVD)through mechanisms including inducing inflammatory responses,promoting oxidative stress,and accelerating lipid deposition.Notably,the modification of apoli-poprotein(Apo)by reactive oxygen species(ROS)accelerates this process.On one hand,ROS can oxidize key amino acid residues in Apo,altering its structure and thereby impairing its normal physiological function.On the other hand,ROS can induce lipid peroxidation of Apo,rendering the oxidized Apo more susceptible to recognition and uptake by macro-phages.This accelerates foam cell formation and drives the progression of atherosclerotic(As)plaques.This review summarizes recent research advances on the role of ROS-induced modification of Apo by environmental factors in atheroscle-rotic CVD.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of compression fixation with cross-locking Kirschner wires in the treatment of bicondylar fractures of the phalangeal neck in fingers (toes).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 15 patients with bicondylar fractures of the phalangeal neck in fingers (toes) who had been treated from February 2019 to August 2023 at Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Taizhou Hospital. The patients were all treated by compression fixation with cross-locking Kirschner wires. They were 13 males and 2 females with an age of (43.4±11.0) years and with 9 hands and 6 feet involved. In 2 of them, the fracture line of the bone block was completely located far from the insertion point of the lateral collateral ligament (condylar lateral recess). After surgery, no additional external fixation was used for all but 2 patients whose bone fold line was fixed with plaster for 3 to 4 weeks at a distance from the lateral collateral ligament insertion point. Follow-up records included fracture healing time, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score at postoperative 3 months, total active motion (TAM) of the finger for hand patients at the final follow-up, and surgical complications.Results:All patients were followed up for (5.4±3.0) months. The VAS pain score for all patients was 0 (0, 0) point at postoperative 3 months. Only 2 patients reported mild pain in the hand at 3 months postoperatively (their VAS pain score was 1 or 2 respectively). At 12-month follow-up, 1 foot patient reported mild pain (1 point of VAS) and the other 5 foot patients experienced no pain while they were carrying weights and walking normally. X-ray evaluations at postoperative 4, 6, and 8 weeks showed nonunion of a middle phalanx intra-articular fracture of the ring finger in 1 case, complicated by bone resorption and joint stiffness which were not further treated. The other cases achieved bony union after an average healing time of (7.1±1.9) weeks. Of the 8 hand patients whose total active motion was measured at the final follow-up using the TAM scoring system, 6 were rated as excellent and 2 as good. No fracture displacement, loosening or withdrawal of Kirschner wires, or no needle tunnel infection occurred.Conclusion:In the treatment of bicondylar fractures of the phalangeal neck in fingers (toes), compression fixation with cross-locking Kirschner wires offers advantages of simplicity in operation, minimal invasiveness, good stability, and facilitation of early postoperative rehabilitation.

Environmental factors such as air pollutants,plastic micro-particles,ionizing radiation,and traffic noise promote the onset and progression of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease(CVD)through mechanisms including inducing inflammatory responses,promoting oxidative stress,and accelerating lipid deposition.Notably,the modification of apoli-poprotein(Apo)by reactive oxygen species(ROS)accelerates this process.On one hand,ROS can oxidize key amino acid residues in Apo,altering its structure and thereby impairing its normal physiological function.On the other hand,ROS can induce lipid peroxidation of Apo,rendering the oxidized Apo more susceptible to recognition and uptake by macro-phages.This accelerates foam cell formation and drives the progression of atherosclerotic(As)plaques.This review summarizes recent research advances on the role of ROS-induced modification of Apo by environmental factors in atheroscle-rotic CVD.

Objective To observe the value of self-made self-coagulating denture power helmet for PET/CT scanning of adult rats.Methods Eleven adult healthy male SD rats with body weight of 290-300 g were selected.Taken 1 rat's head as a reference,a self-made helmet with a thickness of 2 mm was obtained using self-coagulating denture powder to fix the rat's head.Then the other 10 rats were randomly divided into group A and group B(each n=5).The heads of rats were fixed with helmets,and 18F-FDG PET(scanning time 20 min)and CT images were acquired.Pain models were constructed using rats in group B through injection of 5％formaldehyde solution 0.10 ml at the right foot at the 11th minute during PET collection.The imaging quality of 18F-FDG PET/CT in group A was observed,and CT gray values of the olfactory bulb covered by helmet and soft tissue area posterior occipital region without helmet coverage in group A were compared.The quality of PET images before and after pain induction in group B were analyzed to evaluate the fixation effect of helmet.Based on PET images,the changes of 18F-FDG standard uptake value ratio(SUVR)in primary somatosensory cortex hindlimb region(S1HL)in group B after pain induction were observed.Results PET and CT images in group A were clear,with no obvious foreign body artifacts.CT gray values of olfactory bulb and soft tissue in posterior occipital region in group A was 257.0±50.7 and 194.4±55.4,respectively,being not significantly different(P=0.054).PET images before and after pain induction in group B showed no obvious artifacts,and the continuity between covered area of helmet and non-covered area was good.After pain induction,S1HL on the contralateral side of pain induction in group B significantly activated.The ratio of SUVRafter pain induction/SUVRbefore pain induction in S1HL on the contralateral side of pain induction was 1.19±0.07,and SUVRafter pain induction was higher than SUVRbefore pain induction(P=0.001).Conclusion Self-made self-coagulation denture powder helmet could effectively fix head of adult rat during PET/CT scanning.

Objective To observe the value of self-made self-coagulating denture power helmet for PET/CT scanning of adult rats.Methods Eleven adult healthy male SD rats with body weight of 290-300 g were selected.Taken 1 rat's head as a reference,a self-made helmet with a thickness of 2 mm was obtained using self-coagulating denture powder to fix the rat's head.Then the other 10 rats were randomly divided into group A and group B(each n=5).The heads of rats were fixed with helmets,and 18F-FDG PET(scanning time 20 min)and CT images were acquired.Pain models were constructed using rats in group B through injection of 5％formaldehyde solution 0.10 ml at the right foot at the 11th minute during PET collection.The imaging quality of 18F-FDG PET/CT in group A was observed,and CT gray values of the olfactory bulb covered by helmet and soft tissue area posterior occipital region without helmet coverage in group A were compared.The quality of PET images before and after pain induction in group B were analyzed to evaluate the fixation effect of helmet.Based on PET images,the changes of 18F-FDG standard uptake value ratio(SUVR)in primary somatosensory cortex hindlimb region(S1HL)in group B after pain induction were observed.Results PET and CT images in group A were clear,with no obvious foreign body artifacts.CT gray values of olfactory bulb and soft tissue in posterior occipital region in group A was 257.0±50.7 and 194.4±55.4,respectively,being not significantly different(P=0.054).PET images before and after pain induction in group B showed no obvious artifacts,and the continuity between covered area of helmet and non-covered area was good.After pain induction,S1HL on the contralateral side of pain induction in group B significantly activated.The ratio of SUVRafter pain induction/SUVRbefore pain induction in S1HL on the contralateral side of pain induction was 1.19±0.07,and SUVRafter pain induction was higher than SUVRbefore pain induction(P=0.001).Conclusion Self-made self-coagulation denture powder helmet could effectively fix head of adult rat during PET/CT scanning.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of compression fixation with cross-locking Kirschner wires in the treatment of bicondylar fractures of the phalangeal neck in fingers (toes).Methods:A retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 15 patients with bicondylar fractures of the phalangeal neck in fingers (toes) who had been treated from February 2019 to August 2023 at Department of Hand and Foot Surgery, Taizhou Hospital. The patients were all treated by compression fixation with cross-locking Kirschner wires. They were 13 males and 2 females with an age of (43.4±11.0) years and with 9 hands and 6 feet involved. In 2 of them, the fracture line of the bone block was completely located far from the insertion point of the lateral collateral ligament (condylar lateral recess). After surgery, no additional external fixation was used for all but 2 patients whose bone fold line was fixed with plaster for 3 to 4 weeks at a distance from the lateral collateral ligament insertion point. Follow-up records included fracture healing time, visual analogue scale (VAS) pain score at postoperative 3 months, total active motion (TAM) of the finger for hand patients at the final follow-up, and surgical complications.Results:All patients were followed up for (5.4±3.0) months. The VAS pain score for all patients was 0 (0, 0) point at postoperative 3 months. Only 2 patients reported mild pain in the hand at 3 months postoperatively (their VAS pain score was 1 or 2 respectively). At 12-month follow-up, 1 foot patient reported mild pain (1 point of VAS) and the other 5 foot patients experienced no pain while they were carrying weights and walking normally. X-ray evaluations at postoperative 4, 6, and 8 weeks showed nonunion of a middle phalanx intra-articular fracture of the ring finger in 1 case, complicated by bone resorption and joint stiffness which were not further treated. The other cases achieved bony union after an average healing time of (7.1±1.9) weeks. Of the 8 hand patients whose total active motion was measured at the final follow-up using the TAM scoring system, 6 were rated as excellent and 2 as good. No fracture displacement, loosening or withdrawal of Kirschner wires, or no needle tunnel infection occurred.Conclusion:In the treatment of bicondylar fractures of the phalangeal neck in fingers (toes), compression fixation with cross-locking Kirschner wires offers advantages of simplicity in operation, minimal invasiveness, good stability, and facilitation of early postoperative rehabilitation.

Objective:To analyze the dietary patterns of Chinese adults and explore the relationship with serum uric acid (SUA) and hyperuricemia (HUA).Methods:A total of 9 358 adults were selected in the 2018 China Health and Nutrition Survey. Dietary intake data were collected by three consecutive 24-hour dietary recalls and weighing method. The social demographic information of the survey subjects was obtained through questionnaire surveys. The dietary patterns were extracted using factor analysis, and the relationship between dietary patterns and SUA was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The correlation between HUA and dietary patterns was analyzed using logistic regression analysis models.Results:Four dietary patterns were identified: northern (high intakes of wheat, other cereals,and tubers); modern (high intakes of fruit, dairy, eggs, and nuts); southern (high intakes of rice and vegetables);animal food-wine (high intake of organ meats, seafood, and wine). The multiple linear regression analysis results showed that the northern pattern was negatively correlated with SUA ( β=-0.438, 95% CI: -0.500--0.376); the modern pattern was negatively correlated with SUA ( β=-0.134, 95% CI: -0.219--0.049); the southern model was significantly correlated with higher SUA ( β=0.146, 95% CI: 0.079-0.214); the animal food-wine pattern was positively correlated with SUA ( β=0.188, 95% CI: 0.123-0.252). Logistic regression analysis showed that compared with the northern model score Q1 group, the risk of developing HUA was reduced in Q3 and Q4 groups, with ORs values of 0.777 (95% CI: 0.650-0.929) and 0.509 (95% CI: 0.423-0.613), respectively; and compared with the modern model score Q1 group, the higher the scores in Q3 and Q4 groups, the HUA was lower, with ORs of 0.793 (95% CI: 0.660-0.953) and 0.768 (95% CI: 0.631-0.934), respectively. Compared with the animal food-wine pattern score Q1 group, the risk of developing HUA was increased in both Q3 and Q4 groups ( Q3 group: OR=1.224, 95% CI: 1.012-1.480; Q4 group: OR=1.312, 95% CI: 1.086-1.584). Conclusions:Dietary patterns are associated with HUA. The northern and modern patterns are related to lower SUA levels and reduced risk of HUA, while the animal food-wine pattern increases the risk of HUA.

Objective:To explore effects and mechanisms of medium and low doses X-ray irradiation on polarization type changes of tumor associated macrophages(TAMs).Methods:Mouse RAW264.7 macrophage line was cultured with supernatant of 4T1 tumor cell culture(4T1-TCS)of mouse breast cancer,and induced to M2 TAMs.On this basis,medium and low doses X-ray irra-diation was conducted,and NO was detected by Griess method,CD86 and CD206 were detected by flow cytometry.ELISA was use to detect cytokines IL-10 and IL-12p70,immunofluorescence was use to detect iNOS and Arg-1.Western blot was used to detect polariza-tion related pathway proteins,and whether medium and low doses of radiation could alter polarization type of TAMs was observed.Results:4T1-TCS induced TAM had decreasing NO secretion and increasing CD206 and Arg-1 expressions,iNOS expression was decreased;with low doses irradiation(0.075 Gy,0.5 Gy,1 Gy)of TCS-TAM,compared with non irradiation group,NO secretion,expressions of CD86,CD206,Arg-1 and iNOS showed no significant changes;medium doses(2 Gy,4 Gy,6 Gy)of irradiation on TCS-TAM resulted in increased secretion of NO,and flow cytometry results showed increased expressions of CD86,decreased CD206 expression;immunofluorescence results showed an increase in iNOS expression and a decrease in Arg-1 expression in cells;ELISA results showed an increase in secretion of IL-12p70 by cells and a decrease in secretion of IL-10.Western blot results showed that NOX2,ATMS1981*,IRF5 proteins expressions were increased.Conclusion:4T1-TCS can successfully induce macrophage RAW264.7 polarize into M2 phenotype,while low dose irradiation has no significant effect on polarization phenotype of TCS-TAM.Medium dose irradiation can induce TCS-TAM polarization into M1 phenotype that inhibits tumor growth,and reversal mechanism of polarization may be related to IRF5 pathway.