Objective To establish an allogeneic rat model of endometriosis and to evaluate the effects of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist GenSci006 on experimental rat endometriosis. Methods Endometrium from SPF grade donor female SD rats were transplanted onto the abdominal wall of recipient female rats to construct an allogeneic endometriosis model. The rats undergoing sham surgery were divided into the sham group. Three weeks later, the length, width and height of the ectopic endometrium were measured, and the volume of the endometrium (V₁) was calculated before drug administration. The modeling rats were randomly divided into four groups: model group, triptorelin group (0.25 mg/kg), GenSci006-1 group (0.125 mg/kg) and GenSci006-2 group (0.25 mg/kg). Each group had 16 rats and received a single dose of the corresponding drug. The sham group and model group were administered an equal volume of solvent. Three weeks after administration, ectopic endometrium was measured to calculate the volume V₂ and inhibition rate. The effect of GenSci006 on rat uterus and ovarian tissues was assessed by comparing organ coefficients and changes in pathological sections. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure the levels of serum estradiol (E₂), progesterone (P₄), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of GnRH receptor (GnRHR) mRNA in the hypothalamus and pituitary. Western blot was used to detect the expression of estradiol receptor alpha (ERα), beta (ERβ) and progesterone receptor (PR) in ectopic endometrium. Results Three weeks after administration, compared with the model group, the body weight of rats in the triptorelin and GenSci006-2 groups significantly increased (P < 0.05), while the volume of ectopic endometrium significantly decreased (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the model group showed no significant changes in uterine and ovarian organ coefficients or endometrial thickness (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the uterine organ coefficients and endometrial thickness were significantly reduced in the triptorelin and GenSci006-2 groups (P < 0.05). Compared with the sham group, the serum levels of E₂, P₄, FSH and LH in the model group showed no significant changes (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the ovarian organ coefficient and serum P₄ levels of rats in the Triptorelin, GenSci006-1, and GenSci006-2 groups were significantly reduced (P < 0.05), while the serum LH levels of rats in the GenSci006-1 group were significantly increased (P < 0.05). However, there were no significant changes in serum E₂ and FSH levels in each group (P > 0.05). Compared with the model group, the expression levels of GnRHR mRNA in the pituitary tissue of rats in the triptorelin and GenSci006-2 groups were significantly downregulated (P < 0.05), with no significantly changes in the hypothalamus (P > 0.05). There were no significant changes in the expression level of GnRHR mRNA in the hypothalamus or the protein levels of ERα, ERβ and PR in the ectopic endometrial tissue in any group (P > 0.05). Conclusion The allogeneic endometriosis rat model is a suitable animal model for screening and evaluating drugs for treating endometriosis. The volume of ectopic endometrium, inhibition rate, uterine and ovarian organ coefficients, and serum E₂ levels may serve as indicators for detecting drug efficacy.

Objective:To explore the effects of consecutively repeated application of emergency contraception pills (ECPs) containing levonorgestrel (LNG) on the female fertility and the health outcomes of F1 generation rats.Methods:Female SPF rats were intragastric administered with LNG-ECPs consecutively for 3 (P-3), 6 (P-6) and 12 (P-12) estrous cycles (three times in each estrous cycle), respectively. Under each administration schedule, rats were randomly divided into 2 groups according to body weight stratification using random numbers generated in Excel, i.e. LNG-ECPs group and solvent control group, administered with 0.12 mg/kg LNG-ECPs and corresponding volumes of 0.5% CMC-Na, respectively. Four hours after the last dosing, half of the animals (12-18) in each group were allotted randomly for dissection (6-9) and mating (6-9), respectively. The remaining half (12-18) were recovered for 3 estrous cycles, and then were randomly allocated for dissection (6-9) and mating (6-9). Organ coefficients were calculated. Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and free thyroid hormone 3 (fT3) were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ovarian tissues were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for follicle counting. In addition, the pregnancy rate and litter size of the female rats were recorded, and the growth indexes and behavioral parameters of the cubs were measured. Moreover, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of the ovarian tissues was performed to establish the differential expression gene profile of ovarian injury induced by LNG-ECPs. Then gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were analyzed.Results:1) After consecutive administration for 3 and 6 estrous cycles, LNG-ECPs showed no significant impact on the serum hormone levels and female fertility (all P>0.05), and the growth indexes and behavioral parameters of the F1 generation (all P>0.05). 2) After consecutive administration for 12 estrous cycles, the serum levels of FSH [(0.21±0.17) U/L], LH [(0.27±0.08) U/L] and progesterone [(0.68±0.23) μg/L] in LNG-ECPs group decreased significantly compared with those in solvent control group [(1.00±0.82) U/L, P=0.043; (1.00±0.50) U/L, P=0.006; (1.00±0.20) μg/L, P=0.027], while the level of estradiol [(2.24±1.03) μg/L] and testosterone [(1.25±0.25) μg/L] increased noticeably compared with those in solvent control group [(1.00±0.35) μg/L, P=0.019; (1.00±0.07) μg/L, P=0.044]. The number of primordial follicles (4.88±2.36) lost distinctly, while the number of atretic follicles (24.38±5.01) increased markedly in LNG-ECPs group compared with those in solvent control group (16.13±9.36, P=0.005; 19.13±2.30, P=0.018). In addition, the weight-loaded swimming (WLS) time of the F1 generation rats from the LNG-ECPs group [(157.13±32.29) s] reduced obviously compared with those from the solvent control group [(198.06±40.01) s, P=0.003]. Moreover, after recovering for 3 estrous cycles, LNG-ECPs significantly increased the levels of FSH [(2.48±1.18) U/L], LH [(1.60±0.41) U/L], testosterone [(1.37±0.23) μg/L] and the ratio of FSH/LH (1.61±0.41) compared with those in solvent control group [(1.00±0.67) U/L, P=0.024; (1.00±0.27) U/L, P=0.014; (1.00±0.18) μg/L, P=0.011; 1.00±0.49, P=0.042], respectively. Additionally, the serum levels of estradiol [(0.49±0.15) μg/L] and AMH [(0.79±0.15) μg/L] were significantly lower than those in solvent control group [(1.00±0.37) μg/L, P=0.011; (1.00±0.10) μg/L, P=0.016]. In addition, the number of primordial follicles in rats of LNG-ECPs group (6.25±5.06) were obviously less than that in solvent control group (12.00±5.56, P=0.048). Furthermore, the total distance in open field [(89.85±36.98) m] and the swimming time in WLS [(112.00±29.52) s] in rats treated with LNG-ECPs both decreased distinctly compared with those in solvent control group [(147.55±23.13) m, P<0.001; (137.69±25.85) s, P=0.014]. 3) According to transcriptomic analysis, Cd5, Cxcr1, Lexm, Fga, Mybphl and Gstm5 were the significant differential expressed genes (DEGs) in the ovarian tissues of rats. These DEGs were involved in pathways related to steroid hormone biosynthesis, including terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, ovarian steroidogenesis, cortisol synthesis and secretion. Additionally, these genes were involved in metabolic processes, such as carbon metabolism, butanoate metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism. And the genes were also involved in immunoregulatory processes including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptors. Conclusion:Consecutively repeated administering LNG-ECPs to the female rats in a short-term period (<12 cycles) did not demonstrate significant adverse effects on female fertility and the growth and development and the behaviors of their F1 generation cubs. However, long-term repeated treatment with LNG-ECPs (12 cycles) caused ovarian injury on female rats and showed negative impacts on the health of the F1 generation cubs, and no significant improvement was observed after recovering for 3 estrous cycles.

Objective:To explore the effects of consecutively repeated application of emergency contraception pills (ECPs) containing levonorgestrel (LNG) on the female fertility and the health outcomes of F1 generation rats.Methods:Female SPF rats were intragastric administered with LNG-ECPs consecutively for 3 (P-3), 6 (P-6) and 12 (P-12) estrous cycles (three times in each estrous cycle), respectively. Under each administration schedule, rats were randomly divided into 2 groups according to body weight stratification using random numbers generated in Excel, i.e. LNG-ECPs group and solvent control group, administered with 0.12 mg/kg LNG-ECPs and corresponding volumes of 0.5% CMC-Na, respectively. Four hours after the last dosing, half of the animals (12-18) in each group were allotted randomly for dissection (6-9) and mating (6-9), respectively. The remaining half (12-18) were recovered for 3 estrous cycles, and then were randomly allocated for dissection (6-9) and mating (6-9). Organ coefficients were calculated. Serum levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol, progesterone, testosterone, anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and free thyroid hormone 3 (fT3) were examined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Ovarian tissues were sectioned and stained with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) for follicle counting. In addition, the pregnancy rate and litter size of the female rats were recorded, and the growth indexes and behavioral parameters of the cubs were measured. Moreover, RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) of the ovarian tissues was performed to establish the differential expression gene profile of ovarian injury induced by LNG-ECPs. Then gene ontology (GO) function and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment were analyzed.Results:1) After consecutive administration for 3 and 6 estrous cycles, LNG-ECPs showed no significant impact on the serum hormone levels and female fertility (all P>0.05), and the growth indexes and behavioral parameters of the F1 generation (all P>0.05). 2) After consecutive administration for 12 estrous cycles, the serum levels of FSH [(0.21±0.17) U/L], LH [(0.27±0.08) U/L] and progesterone [(0.68±0.23) μg/L] in LNG-ECPs group decreased significantly compared with those in solvent control group [(1.00±0.82) U/L, P=0.043; (1.00±0.50) U/L, P=0.006; (1.00±0.20) μg/L, P=0.027], while the level of estradiol [(2.24±1.03) μg/L] and testosterone [(1.25±0.25) μg/L] increased noticeably compared with those in solvent control group [(1.00±0.35) μg/L, P=0.019; (1.00±0.07) μg/L, P=0.044]. The number of primordial follicles (4.88±2.36) lost distinctly, while the number of atretic follicles (24.38±5.01) increased markedly in LNG-ECPs group compared with those in solvent control group (16.13±9.36, P=0.005; 19.13±2.30, P=0.018). In addition, the weight-loaded swimming (WLS) time of the F1 generation rats from the LNG-ECPs group [(157.13±32.29) s] reduced obviously compared with those from the solvent control group [(198.06±40.01) s, P=0.003]. Moreover, after recovering for 3 estrous cycles, LNG-ECPs significantly increased the levels of FSH [(2.48±1.18) U/L], LH [(1.60±0.41) U/L], testosterone [(1.37±0.23) μg/L] and the ratio of FSH/LH (1.61±0.41) compared with those in solvent control group [(1.00±0.67) U/L, P=0.024; (1.00±0.27) U/L, P=0.014; (1.00±0.18) μg/L, P=0.011; 1.00±0.49, P=0.042], respectively. Additionally, the serum levels of estradiol [(0.49±0.15) μg/L] and AMH [(0.79±0.15) μg/L] were significantly lower than those in solvent control group [(1.00±0.37) μg/L, P=0.011; (1.00±0.10) μg/L, P=0.016]. In addition, the number of primordial follicles in rats of LNG-ECPs group (6.25±5.06) were obviously less than that in solvent control group (12.00±5.56, P=0.048). Furthermore, the total distance in open field [(89.85±36.98) m] and the swimming time in WLS [(112.00±29.52) s] in rats treated with LNG-ECPs both decreased distinctly compared with those in solvent control group [(147.55±23.13) m, P<0.001; (137.69±25.85) s, P=0.014]. 3) According to transcriptomic analysis, Cd5, Cxcr1, Lexm, Fga, Mybphl and Gstm5 were the significant differential expressed genes (DEGs) in the ovarian tissues of rats. These DEGs were involved in pathways related to steroid hormone biosynthesis, including terpenoid backbone biosynthesis, ovarian steroidogenesis, cortisol synthesis and secretion. Additionally, these genes were involved in metabolic processes, such as carbon metabolism, butanoate metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism. And the genes were also involved in immunoregulatory processes including cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, viral protein interaction with cytokine and cytokine receptors. Conclusion:Consecutively repeated administering LNG-ECPs to the female rats in a short-term period (<12 cycles) did not demonstrate significant adverse effects on female fertility and the growth and development and the behaviors of their F1 generation cubs. However, long-term repeated treatment with LNG-ECPs (12 cycles) caused ovarian injury on female rats and showed negative impacts on the health of the F1 generation cubs, and no significant improvement was observed after recovering for 3 estrous cycles.

Objective:To compare the result of nucleic acid detection between anal swabs and nasal swabs in confirmed cases of COVID-19.Methods:The result of nucleic acid detection between anal swabs and nasal swabs collected simultaneously at various time points after illness onset were analyzed retrospectively.Results:Totally, 46 matched result of anal swabs and nasal swabs in confirmed cases of COVID-19 collected at various intervals after illness onset in 31 patients were analyzed. All the result of nucleic acid detection were positive for anal swabs. The highest concordance rate of nucleic acid positive of COVID-19 (80%) between anal swabs and nasal swabs was observed 0-3 days after illness onset; while the value declined to 28.57% ≥16 days after illness onset. The longer the interval between sampling and illness onset, the lower the concordance rate.Conclusions:Besides two negative result from respiratory tract specimens, the negative result of anal swabs should be added as an important reference of releasing from quarantine.

Objective:To systematically analyse the blood coagulation features of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.Methods:An electronic search in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, EMbase, and CNKI to collect studies related to the blood coagulation features of COVID-19 patients from 1 January 2020 to 1 May 2020. Two reviewers independently screened literatures, extracted data and assessed the risk of bias of included studies. Then, the platelet count, D-dimer value, prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and fibrinogen of patients with different types of diseases were analyzed by using Stata12.0 software.Results:Thirty-nine retrospective studies involving 6 994 COVID-19 patients were included. The results of meta-analysis showed that:(1) compared with severe group, the platelet count (Weighted mean difference; WMD=20.11, 95% CI 11.53 to 28.69, P<0.001) and APTT (WMD=1.30, 95%CI 0.31 to 2.30, P=0.01) were found to be higher while D-dimer (WMD=-0.41, 95%CI-0.58 to-0.24, P<0.001), fibrinogen (WMD=-0.58, 95% CI-0.76 to-0.39, P<0.001) and PT (WMD=-0.51, 95%CI-0.92 to-0.10, P<0.001) were lower in mild group; the platelet count (WMD=-14.75, 95% CI-29.73 to-0.23, P=0.044) was found to be lower while D-dimer (WMD=1.06, 95% CI 0.65 to 1.47, P<0.001) was found to be higher in critical ill patients. (2)Compared with the survival group, the patients in death group displayed elevated levels of D-dimer (WMD=6.86, 95% CI 4.15 to 9.57, P<0.001) and PT (WMD=1.37, 95% CI 0.73 to 2.02, P<0.001) while platelet count (WMD=-36.40, 95% CI-63.23 to-9.58, P=0.008) remained low. Conclusion:Coagulation dysfunction was common in severe, critical ill and dead COVID-19 patients. Platelet count, D-dimer and PT levels were associated with the severity of the disease, and thus could be used as early warning indicators for the deterioration of the disease during hospitalization.

Objective: To explore the effect of hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning with different frequency on the survival rate of flap and ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats after transplantation, and to explore the best preconditioning conditions to improve the survival rate of rat flaps after transplantation. Methods: Thirty-six Sprague Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups according to the random number table method, 9 groups in each group.Four groups of rats were pretreated with hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment for 0, 2, 4, and 6 days before the operation, control group, pretreatment 2 d group, pretreatment 4 d group, and pretreatment 6 d group. Taking the midline of the back of the rat as the axis, an ultra-long random flap with a pedicle at the tail end and about 1 cm from the superior iliac spine was designed and cut to a size of 10.0 cm×2.5 cm. The survival of the flaps in each group was observed and the final survival area and survival rate of the flaps were measured on the 7th day after surgery. On the 7th day after operation, the tissue was taken at a distance of 5 cm from the pedicle, and the histopathology was observed; The content of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) in flap tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry, and the expression rate of positive cells in each group was calculated. Immunofluorescence was used to detect the expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the flap tissue. Results: On the 7th day after the operation, the survival area and survival rate of the transplanted flaps in the hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the pretreatment 4 d and 6 d groups were significantly higher than the pretreated 2 d group (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the pretreated 4 d group and the 6 d group (P=0.095). Pathological observation on the 7th day after operation showed that there was some necrosis in the control group, the vascular cells in the pretreated 2 d group had more vascular structures, and more neovascularization was observed in the pretreated 4 d group. The inflammatory cells were the least in the 6 d pretreatment group, and the neovascularization was the same as the pretreatment 4 d group. The absorbance A value of SOD in the control group was 0.009 7±0.000 3, and the positive expression rate was 20%, which was significantly lower than that in the hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, the absorbance A value of MDA in the control group was 0.055 1±0.003 0, and the positive expression rate was 55%, which was significantly higher than that in the hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment group. The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Among them, the SOD absorbance A value of the pretreated 2 d group was 0.023 8±0.003 0, and the positive expression rate was 30%, which was lower than the pretreatment 4 d group (absorbance A value 0.046 9±0.003 0, positive expression rate 35%) and 6 d group (absorbance A value 0.047 2±0.003 6, positive expression rate 40%), The MDA absorbance A value of the pretreated 2 d group was 0.037 2±0.003 2, and the positive expression rate was 30%, which was higher than the pretreatment 4 d group (absorbance A value 0.014 7±0.002 4, positive expression rate 5%) and 6 d group (absorbance A value 0.017 0±0.001 8, positive expression rate 10%), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). However, there was no significant difference in the expression of SOD and MDA between the pretreated 4 d group and the pretreated 6 d group (P>0.05). The expression of IL-6 in the hyperbaric oxygen pretreatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (absorbance A value 44.937 0±0.594 0), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The absorbance A value in the pretreated 2 d group was 41.698 0±0.724 0, which was significantly higher than the pretreatment 4 d group (absorbance A value 34.049 0±0.323 0) and 6 d group (absorbance A value 33.524 0±0.639 0). The difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the expression of the pretreated 4 d group compared with the 6 d group (P=0.068). Conclusions Hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning can significantly promote the survival of rat flaps after transplantation. Preoperative hyperbaric oxygen preconditioning once daily for 4 consecutive days, can enhance the tolerance of flap tissue to ischemia and anoxia and reduce tissue ischemia-reperfusion injury.

Aim To investigate the proliferative effect and the apoptosis of rat epididymal epithelial cells induced by podophyllotoxin and its underlying mechanisms.Methods Primary epididymal epithelial cells were cultured in vitro.CCK-8 assay was used to analyze proliferation of epididymal epithelial cells induced by podophyllotoxin on 24, 48 and 72 h.The ultra structural changes of the epididymal epithelial cells were observed by transmission electron microscope.AnnexinV-FITC/PI staining was used to quantify the percentages of apoptosis in the total cell population.The TdTmediated dUTP nick end labeling(TUNEL) technique was applied to observe the morphological changes of apoptotic cells.The expression of tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNF-α) mRNA was investigated by real-time RT-PCR.The level of TNF-α in cell culture supernatant was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA) technology.Western blot was per-formed to determine the protein expression of cytochrome C, caspase-3, caspase-8, caspase-9.Results Podophyllotoxin significantly inhibited the activity of proliferation and induced apoptosis of epididymal epithelial cells in a dose-and time-dependent manner(P<0.05), with a 50％ inhibitory concentration(IC50) value and corresponding 95％ confidence intervals(CI) of 59.36(15.50～227.41), 0.37(0.080～1.70), 0.077(0.017～0.35) μmol·L-1 at 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively.Podophyllotoxin induced cell volume turned round and cell nuclear fragmentation and mitochondrial vacuolation.RT-PCR and ELISA results showed that podophyllotoxin improved the expression of TNF-α mRNA and protein.Western blot results demonstrated that podophyllotoxin activated the protein expression of cytochrome C, caspase-3, caspase-8 and caspase-9.Conclusion Podophyllotoxin can induce rat epididymal epithelial cell apoptosis through both the mitochondria-regulated intrinsic pathway and the TNF receptor-mediated extrinsic pathway.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effect and safety of transvaginal lesion resection for cesarean scar pregnancy (CSP).Methods A total of 30 patients with CSP in our hospital received the transvaginal CSP lesion resection from January 2013 to January 2016 and were followed-up to observe the clinical efficacy and safety.Results The operations were successfully completed except one case of conversion to open surgery.The operation time was 30-120 min (53.4±26.0 min), the intraoperative hemorrhage was less than 50 ml, the hospital time was 3-7 d (4.3±1.3 d), and the postoperative time of serum β-hCG decreased to normal value was 14-36 d (24.1±13.2 d).No continuous pregnancy or complications such as incision non-healing, infection, or bladder injury after operation.Conclusion The clinical effect of vaginal CSP lesion resection is good and has fewer complications, being worthy of application.

Objective To investigate the cellular immunologic response of TH 17/Treg cells in the peripheral blood of pelvic tuberculosis patients and explore their roles in the pathogenesis of pelvic tuberculosis.Methods The intracellular flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the expressions of TH 17 and Treg cells in 46 pelvic tuberculosis patients and 25 healthy controls in childbearing age.Twenty-eight of the 46 pelvic tuberculosis patients were followed up to monitor the variation of the TH17/Treg cells after 3 months and 6 months of anti-tuberculosis treatment.Results The percentage of TH 17 cells in the peripheral blood of pelvic tuberculosis patients was (3.26 ± 1.30) ％ which was significantly lower than that of healthy controls [(4.92 ± 1.71) ％,P ＜ 0.01].The percentage of Treg cells in the patients was (5.18 ± 1.53) ％ which was significantly higher than that of healthy controls [(3.26 ± 1.10) ％,P ＜ 0.01].The percentage of TH17 cells in the pelvic tuberculosis patients after 6 months of treatment was (4.67 ± 1.75) ％ which was significantly higher than that in the patients before treatment and after 3 months treatment [(3.26 ± 1.30) ％,P ＜ 0.01 and (3.70 ± 1.06) ％,P ＜0.01,respectively].The percentage of Treg cells in pelvic tuberculosis patient after 6 months of treatment was (3.93 ±0.94)％ which was significantly lower than that in the patients before treatment and after 3 months of treatment [(5.18 ± 1.53)％,P ＜0.01 and (4.94 ± 1.51) ％,P ＜ 0.01,respectively].The percentage of Treg cells in the patients after 6 months of treatment was still significantly higher than that of controls (P ＜ 0.05).The TH 17/Treg ratio before treatment was significantly lower than that of healthy controls (P ＜ 0.01),and the TH 17/Treg ratio was increased after 3 months of treatment but it did not show significant difference compared with that before treatment.The TH 17/Treg ratio after 6 months of treatment (1.18 ± 0.34) ％ was significantly increased in contrast to those after 3 months of treatment and before treatment [(0.77 ± 0.21) ％,P ＜ 0.01 and (0.55 ± 0.13) ％,P ＜ 0.01,respectively].The TH 17/Treg ratio could not rise to the normal level even after 6 months of treatment.Conclusion Both the TH 17 and Treg cells may involve in the immunologic responses of pelvic tuberculosis patients and the imbalance of TH1T/Treg cells may remain persistently.

Objective To explore the immune response of T helper cells 17 in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV) and the relation with Th1,Th2 and Treg cells.Methods The percentages of Th17 cells were detected by intracellular cytokine staining with flow cytometry.Using Realtime PCR method,we assayed the mRNA expression of IL-17,T-bet,GATA-3 and FoxP3 in 58 HBV patients and 40 healthy controls in our research.Results Compared with control group (3.56％ ± 1.26％),the percentage of Th17 cells in the peripheral blood of HBV group (4.72％ ± 1.80％) was higher (P ＜0.001).The mRNA of IL-17 expression of the HBV group (4 ±0.49) was higher than in healthy control group (1.19 ±0.19,P ＜ 0.0001).The mRNA of T-bet expression of the HBV group (2.27 ± 0.24) was higher than in healthy control group (1.10 ± 0.13,P ＜ 0.05).The mRNA of GATA-3 expression of the HBV group (2.29 ± 0.16) was higher than in healthy control group (1.10 ± 0.10,P ＜ 0.0001).The mRNA of FoxP3 expression of the HBV group (2.03 ±0.15) was higher than in healthy control group ((1.05 ±0.10,P ＜ 0.0001).Conclusions The Th17 cells participated in immune response of the hepatitis B virus infection patients,and there has certain adjustment relations among Th1,Th2 and Treg cells.