In the issue of safeguarding the rights of rare disease patients， the government， as the principal responsible entity， bears an important mission. However， traditional ethics are insufficient when confronted with the moral needs of rare disease patients and the government’s rescue dilemma. The theory of vulnerability provides us with new ethical thinking， guiding us to explore the concept of “vulnerable responsibility.” Starting from ethical dilemmas， this paper explored the government’s “vulnerable responsibility” in safeguarding the rights of rare disease patients. This responsibility stems from the vulnerable position of rare disease patients unable to help themselves， the profound impact of government actions on their significant interests， as well as the government’s role and capacity. This responsibility includes the negative responsibility of providing a safety net， and the positive responsibility of meeting the diverse needs of rare disease patients. The pathways， boundaries， and principles of the government’s “vulnerable responsibility” were deeply analyzed. The rationality of the government’s “vulnerable responsibility” was elucidated by comparison with traditional ethics. This study contributes to understanding the government’s responsibility in safeguarding the rights of rare disease patients， while providing valuable insights for future policy formulation.

Objective To conduct a scoping review of the application of gamification programs in exercise rehabilitation for knee osteoarthritis,examining the application carriers,game content,outcome indicators,measurement tools,and application effects of gamification programs,to provide references for future practice and related research in this field.Methods The search was conducted in PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Scopus,CIN AHL,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI,and Wanfang Data from their inception to December 28,2024.The included studies were summarized and analyzed.Results A total of 28 studies were included in the review.The game carriers encompassed virtual reality technology,sensor devices,and mobile applications.The game content covered interactive motion games,aerobic exercises,and goal-motivated games.Outcome indicators included functional performance,physical activity,pain,psychological and health status,and user experience.Gamification programs were found to effectively enhance user engagement,improve physical function,reduce negative emotions,and improve quality of life.However,there remains controversy regarding their efficacy in pain relief.Conclusion Gamification programs have shown positive effects in exercise rehabilitation for knee osteoarthritis.Future efforts should focus on developing gamification programs that are culturally appropriate for China,creating"digital therapeutics",continuously updating systems,conducting economic evaluations,and ensuring digital equity to enhance patients'rehabilitation experiences and improve health outcomes.

AIM: To assess the effectiveness of selective laser trabeculoplasty(SLT)in the treatment of primary open angle glaucoma(POAG).METHODS:Totally 24 patients(33 eyes)with POAG who had poor control of intraocular pressure(IOP)from June 2022 to December 2023 were included in this retrospective study, and all of them were treated with SLT. Furthermore, the IOP, mean deviation(MD), mean sensitivity(MS), and the thickness and vascular density(VD)of optic disc nerve layer were compared after treatment. RESULTS: There were significant reducion in IOP at 1, 3, 6, 12 mo after treatment(all P<0.001). There were no statistically significant differences in MD and MS before treatment and at 6 and 12 mo after treatment(all P>0.05), and there were no statistical significant differences in the thickness and VD of optic disc(all P>0.05).CONCLUSION: SLT can significantly reduce IOP in POAG patients in the short term, without damaging the visual field and optic disc nerves, while the effectiveness of SLT decreases over time.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of wasting, spinal curvature abnormalities and multimorbidity among children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Inner Mongolia and explore the related factors of these two health problems.Methods:In September 2022, a stratified random cluster sampling method was employed to select 188 635 children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Inner Mongolia for physical examinations and questionnaire surveys. Data on height, weight, as well as dietary behavior, physical activity, classroom environment, academic tasks, writing posture, and screen behavior were collected. The epidemiological characteristics of wasting, spinal curvature abnormalities and multimorbidity were analyzed. Additionally, a multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors associated with wasting, spinal curvature abnormalities and multimorbidity.Results:A total of 188 635 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years participated in this study, including 95 393 boys (50.6%) with an average age of (11.53±3.32) years. The detection rate of wasting was 3.79%, with a higher detection rate in boys (4.18%) than in girls (3.38%) ( P<0.001). The detection rate of spinal curvature abnormalities was 3.64%, with a higher detection rate in girls (4.04%) than in boys (3.25%) ( P<0.001). The detection rate of multimorbidity between wasting and spinal curvature abnormalities was 0.17%, and there was no statistically significant difference between genders ( P>0.05). The detection rates of wasting, spinal curvature abnormalities, and multimorbidity all increased with age ( P t<0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for gender, age, urban/rural status, and school grade, compared to children and adolescents who exercised ≥1 hour of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for at least 5 days per week and had daily screen time <2 hours, those who exercised <5 days per week ( OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.19-1.37) and had daily screen time ≥2 hours ( OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.03-1.19) had a higher risk of wasting. Compared to children and adolescents who had ≥5 physical education (PE) classes per week, adjusted desk and chair height,<1 hour of after-school study/writing time, and whose parents or teachers rarely or never reminded them about posture, those with <5 PE classes per week ( OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.21), unadjusted desk and chair height ( OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15),≥1 hour of after-school study/writing time ( OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.07-1.24), frequent reminders from parents ( OR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.09-1.23), and frequent reminders from teachers ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.16) had a higher risk of spinal curvature abnormalities. Compared to children and adolescents who did not consume sugary drinks daily, exercised ≥1 hour of MVPA for at least 5 days per week, and whose teachers rarely or never reminded them about posture, those who consumed sugary drinks daily ( OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.00-2.46), exercised <5 days per week ( OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.01-1.79), and had teachers who frequently reminded them about posture ( OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.05-1.75) had a higher risk of multimorbidity between wasting and spinal curvature abnormalities. Conclusion:The detection rates of wasting, spinal curvature abnormalities and multimorbidity among children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Inner Mongolia are generally low, with an increasing trend observed with age. Both lifestyle and school environmental factors are associated with wasting, spinal curvature abnormalities and multimorbidity.

[Objective]To systematically review the records of Centipeda minima in historical herbal literature,investigating its botanical origins,medicinal history,etc.,to clarify its name,origin,medicinal properties and therapeutic effects,providing references for clinical applications.[Methods]A systematic review of historical herbal literature was conducted,combined with modern herbal texts such as the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Chinese Materia Medica.Based on the textual records and illustrations from various herbal texts,a systematic investigation of Centipeda minima was carried out.[Results]Centipeda minima was first recorded in the Tang Dynasty's Diet Therapy Materia Medica under the name"Shihusui",and was later named for the"Centipeda minima"characteristic.There was confusion about its origins in the herbal medicines of the past dynasties.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the characteristics of its Compositae plant(Centipe daminima)were gradually clarified.The drawings in the Qing Dynasty's An Illustrated Book of Plants was highly consistent with modern authentic products.The controversy over nature and taste had shifted from the early"cold nature"to the consensus that"warm and non-toxic",and modern pharmacopoeia follows this theory.The efficacy has expanded from"clearing nasal orifices and spitting wind and phlegm"in the Tang Dynasty to"dispelling sores and swelling,treating hemorrhoids and removing eye fog"in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.In modern times,it focused on the three major functions of"dissipating wind and cold,clearing nasal orifices and relieving cough".[Conclusion]Clarifying the development context of the name evolution,origin controversy,property and toxicity,taste toxicity and efficacy indication of Centipeda minima can provide historical basis and theoretical support for its modern clinical application and in-depth research.Future research should focus on multi-disciplinary integration and further explore its scientific connotation and clinical value.

Stress refers to the non-specific responses of a stimulated body to different stressors and the subsequent maintenance or restoration of internal environmental homeostasis.Adverse stress reactions lead to general balance disruption and may cause digestive,neurological,and endocrine disorders,and decreased immune capacity,which seriously impact host health.As the core compo-nent of intestinal micro-ecology,the intestinal flora can greatly alter its own composition,distribu-tion,function,metabolic product output,and other aspects during stress,which cause disorders and aggravate homeostatic imbalance in internal environments.While the intestinal flora is of great sig-nificance to animal medicine and agricultural production,little is known about stress and its impact on intestinal flora.Therefore,we briefly reviewed the impact of stress on animal intestinal flora in combination with the latest research and provided theoretical insights on intestinal health research.

Stress refers to the non-specific responses of a stimulated body to different stressors and the subsequent maintenance or restoration of internal environmental homeostasis.Adverse stress reactions lead to general balance disruption and may cause digestive,neurological,and endocrine disorders,and decreased immune capacity,which seriously impact host health.As the core compo-nent of intestinal micro-ecology,the intestinal flora can greatly alter its own composition,distribu-tion,function,metabolic product output,and other aspects during stress,which cause disorders and aggravate homeostatic imbalance in internal environments.While the intestinal flora is of great sig-nificance to animal medicine and agricultural production,little is known about stress and its impact on intestinal flora.Therefore,we briefly reviewed the impact of stress on animal intestinal flora in combination with the latest research and provided theoretical insights on intestinal health research.

Objective:To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of wasting, spinal curvature abnormalities and multimorbidity among children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Inner Mongolia and explore the related factors of these two health problems.Methods:In September 2022, a stratified random cluster sampling method was employed to select 188 635 children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Inner Mongolia for physical examinations and questionnaire surveys. Data on height, weight, as well as dietary behavior, physical activity, classroom environment, academic tasks, writing posture, and screen behavior were collected. The epidemiological characteristics of wasting, spinal curvature abnormalities and multimorbidity were analyzed. Additionally, a multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the factors associated with wasting, spinal curvature abnormalities and multimorbidity.Results:A total of 188 635 children and adolescents aged 6-18 years participated in this study, including 95 393 boys (50.6%) with an average age of (11.53±3.32) years. The detection rate of wasting was 3.79%, with a higher detection rate in boys (4.18%) than in girls (3.38%) ( P<0.001). The detection rate of spinal curvature abnormalities was 3.64%, with a higher detection rate in girls (4.04%) than in boys (3.25%) ( P<0.001). The detection rate of multimorbidity between wasting and spinal curvature abnormalities was 0.17%, and there was no statistically significant difference between genders ( P>0.05). The detection rates of wasting, spinal curvature abnormalities, and multimorbidity all increased with age ( P t<0.001). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that, after adjusting for gender, age, urban/rural status, and school grade, compared to children and adolescents who exercised ≥1 hour of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) for at least 5 days per week and had daily screen time <2 hours, those who exercised <5 days per week ( OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.19-1.37) and had daily screen time ≥2 hours ( OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.03-1.19) had a higher risk of wasting. Compared to children and adolescents who had ≥5 physical education (PE) classes per week, adjusted desk and chair height,<1 hour of after-school study/writing time, and whose parents or teachers rarely or never reminded them about posture, those with <5 PE classes per week ( OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.02-1.21), unadjusted desk and chair height ( OR=1.08, 95% CI: 1.01-1.15),≥1 hour of after-school study/writing time ( OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.07-1.24), frequent reminders from parents ( OR=1.16, 95% CI: 1.09-1.23), and frequent reminders from teachers ( OR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.16) had a higher risk of spinal curvature abnormalities. Compared to children and adolescents who did not consume sugary drinks daily, exercised ≥1 hour of MVPA for at least 5 days per week, and whose teachers rarely or never reminded them about posture, those who consumed sugary drinks daily ( OR=1.61, 95% CI: 1.00-2.46), exercised <5 days per week ( OR=1.33, 95% CI: 1.01-1.79), and had teachers who frequently reminded them about posture ( OR=1.35, 95% CI: 1.05-1.75) had a higher risk of multimorbidity between wasting and spinal curvature abnormalities. Conclusion:The detection rates of wasting, spinal curvature abnormalities and multimorbidity among children and adolescents aged 6-18 in Inner Mongolia are generally low, with an increasing trend observed with age. Both lifestyle and school environmental factors are associated with wasting, spinal curvature abnormalities and multimorbidity.

[Objective]To systematically review the records of Centipeda minima in historical herbal literature,investigating its botanical origins,medicinal history,etc.,to clarify its name,origin,medicinal properties and therapeutic effects,providing references for clinical applications.[Methods]A systematic review of historical herbal literature was conducted,combined with modern herbal texts such as the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and Chinese Materia Medica.Based on the textual records and illustrations from various herbal texts,a systematic investigation of Centipeda minima was carried out.[Results]Centipeda minima was first recorded in the Tang Dynasty's Diet Therapy Materia Medica under the name"Shihusui",and was later named for the"Centipeda minima"characteristic.There was confusion about its origins in the herbal medicines of the past dynasties.During the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the characteristics of its Compositae plant(Centipe daminima)were gradually clarified.The drawings in the Qing Dynasty's An Illustrated Book of Plants was highly consistent with modern authentic products.The controversy over nature and taste had shifted from the early"cold nature"to the consensus that"warm and non-toxic",and modern pharmacopoeia follows this theory.The efficacy has expanded from"clearing nasal orifices and spitting wind and phlegm"in the Tang Dynasty to"dispelling sores and swelling,treating hemorrhoids and removing eye fog"in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.In modern times,it focused on the three major functions of"dissipating wind and cold,clearing nasal orifices and relieving cough".[Conclusion]Clarifying the development context of the name evolution,origin controversy,property and toxicity,taste toxicity and efficacy indication of Centipeda minima can provide historical basis and theoretical support for its modern clinical application and in-depth research.Future research should focus on multi-disciplinary integration and further explore its scientific connotation and clinical value.

Objective To conduct a scoping review of the application of gamification programs in exercise rehabilitation for knee osteoarthritis,examining the application carriers,game content,outcome indicators,measurement tools,and application effects of gamification programs,to provide references for future practice and related research in this field.Methods The search was conducted in PubMed,Web of Science,Cochrane Library,Scopus,CIN AHL,China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI,and Wanfang Data from their inception to December 28,2024.The included studies were summarized and analyzed.Results A total of 28 studies were included in the review.The game carriers encompassed virtual reality technology,sensor devices,and mobile applications.The game content covered interactive motion games,aerobic exercises,and goal-motivated games.Outcome indicators included functional performance,physical activity,pain,psychological and health status,and user experience.Gamification programs were found to effectively enhance user engagement,improve physical function,reduce negative emotions,and improve quality of life.However,there remains controversy regarding their efficacy in pain relief.Conclusion Gamification programs have shown positive effects in exercise rehabilitation for knee osteoarthritis.Future efforts should focus on developing gamification programs that are culturally appropriate for China,creating"digital therapeutics",continuously updating systems,conducting economic evaluations,and ensuring digital equity to enhance patients'rehabilitation experiences and improve health outcomes.