Objective To explore the effects of non-invasive mechanical ventilation combined with caf-feine citrate treatment on newborn respiratory distress syndrome(NRDS).Methods A total of 120 infantile patients with NRDS treated in this hospital from February 2021 to February 2023 were selected and divided into the two groups by using the random number table method,60 cases in each group.The control group re-ceived the non-invasive mechanical ventilation treatment,while the experimental group received the non-inva-sive mechanical ventilation combined with caffeine citrate treatment.The clinical improvement statuses inclu-ding the mechanical ventilation usage rate,pulmonary surfactant(PS)superaddition rate,mechanical ventila-tion time,oxygen therapy time and hospitalization time,meanwhile the blood gas analysis indicators before and after treatment[blood pH value,oxygen partial pressure(PaO2),carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO2)],in-flammatory markers[nuclear factor-kappa B(NF-κB),procalcitonin(PCT),interferon-gamma(IFN-γ),in-terleukin-6(IL-6),IL-10],myocardial injury and oxidative stress markers[creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB),superoxide dismutase(SOD),malondialdehyde(MDA)]and the incidence rates of complications(vomi-ting,abdominal distension,nasal mucosa injury,necrotizing enterocolitis(NEC)and bronchopulmonary dys-plasia)were compared between the two groups.Results Compared to the control group,the mechanical venti-lation time,oxygen therapy time and hospitalization time in the experimental group were significantly de-creased(P＜0.05).After treatment,the blood oxygen partial pressure(PaO2)and blood pH values were in-creased,and the carbon dioxide partial pressure(PaCO2)was decreased(P＜0.05).The levels of inflammato-ry markers NF-κB,PCT,IFN-γ and IL-6 were decreased,while the IL-10 level was increased(P＜0.05).The myocardial injury index CK-MB was decreased and the oxidative stress index SOD level was increased and MDA level was decreased(P＜0.05).The incidence rate of complications in the experimental group was low-er than that in the control group,but the difference was not statistically significant(P＞0.05).Conclusion Non-in-vasive ventilation combined with caffeine citrate in treating NRDS could improve the clinical status,blood gas indexes and reduce the inflammation and myocardial injury of the infantile patients,which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.