Objective To retrieve the anticoagulation management related evidences in postoperative patients with heart valve operation to provide an evidence-based basis for medical professionals conducting the antithrombotic therapy in postoperative patients with heart valve operation.Methods The related evidences of anticoagulation management after heart valve surgery were retrieved from major databases and websites at home and abroad based on the"6S"evidence resource pyramid modeling system.The retrieval time was from January 1,2017 to February 29,2024.Two researchers trained by evidence-based care evaluated the quality of the literatures and extracted the relevant evidences meeting the criteria by combining with clinical situation.Results A total of 12 literatures were included,including 5 guidelines,4 clinical practices and 3 expert consen-sus.Thirty pieces of best evidences were summarized in eight aspects:contraindications,postoperative an-tithrombotic regimens,warfarin use method,vitamin K use precautions,daily life precautions,anticoagulation complications,long term perioperative anticoagulation bridging and complicating pregnancy.Conclusion The evidences summarized in this study could provide a reference for standardizing anticoagulation management in postoperative pa-tients with heart valve operation and for clinical healthcare workers in order to standardize the anticoagulation therapy after heart valve replacement and reduce the occurrence of anticoagulation-related complications.

Objective:To investigate the efficacy of antiviral therapy and its selection in hospitalized children with infectious mononucleosis (IM).Methods:The IM children admitted to Shenzhen Children’s Hospital from January 2017 to December 2021 were divided into acyclovir (ACV) treatment group and non-antiviral treatment group, and the clinical data were collected for retrospective analysis.Results:A total of 370 children were included, the median age was 3.6 years, each age group proportion: <3 years (25.9%), 3-<6 years (53.0%). 6-<10 years (17.6%) and ≥10 years (3.5%). Male∶Female=1.5∶1. While 42.4% (157/370) of the 370 children received ACV, 57.6% (213/370) did not receive antiviral therapy; 52 cases were treated in infectious disease department, and none of them received antiviral treatment, and 318 cases were treated in non-infectious disease department, of which 157 cases were in ACV group. There was significant difference between the two groups ( P <0.001); Thirty-eight cases of children in non-infectious disease department complicated with abnormal liver function, of which 23 cases (60.5%) were in the ACV group and 15 cases (39.5%) were in the non-antiviral treatment group. There was no significant difference between the two groups ( P=0.060). Compared with the non-antiviral treatment group, the ACV group has longer hospitalization days and higher hospitalization expenses ( P<0.01). There was no significant difference in duration of fever ( P>0.05). The number of atypical lymphocytes recovered faster in ACV group ( P=0.001). Conclusions:The hospitalized children with IM were mostly boys, and most of them were from 3 to 6 years old. ACV treatment could not shorten the duration of fever and hospitalization days of IM children, nor could it reduce the hospitalization expenses. Abnormal liver function did not affect the decision of antiviral treatment, and infectious disease specialists prefer not to use antiviral drugs. The authors advocate reducing the use of antiviral drugs for IM.

Objective Our purpose is to investigate the expression of natriuretic peptide receptor A (NPR-A) in the retina and to understand the NPR-A’ s functions during the mouse development .Methods Mice eyes were harvested from E16 ( embryonic day 16 ) to P90 ( postnatal day 90 ) . Total of 127 eyes were used in the study . Immunohistochemistries of NPR-A were carried out .Results During development , NPR-A was widely expressed in the retinal neurons .In the outer nuclear layer , NPR-A began to appear in the inner and outer projections of cone and rod cells at P7, but decreased at P14.From P30 afterward, it continued to express weakly .In the inner nuclear layer , NPR-A expressed in the dendrites of bipolar cells weakly from P 7 to adulthood , whereas no expression in horizontal cells .In the ganglion cell layer, NPR-A started highly to express in the ganglion cell bodies at E 16, and in the meantime, in the nerve fiber layer , ganglion cell axons , NPR-A was expressed highly from embryonic to adult .In the inner and outer plexiform layers, NPR-A was highly expressed at P14, but decreased gradually after P30.In addition, NPR-A also widely expressed in the inner protrusions of Müller cells.Conclusion NPR-A participates in the development of the retina , and may be the key molecule in the developing retinal neurons .Moreover, it plays an important regulatory role in the functional activity of Müller cells .