Objective:To investigate the effects of different types and administration times of defoaming agents on the gastric vision clarity before magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MCE) in children.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on children who underwent MCE in Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University from January 2017 to March 2023.Children were divided into three groups based on type of defoaming agents: the simethicone emulsion group (10 mL simethicone emulsion), the dimethicone powder group (5 g dimethicone powder dissolved in 30 mL warm water), and the dimethicone emulsion group (4 mL dimethicone emulsion dissolved in 10 mL water). Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups based on the time of administration before the examination: 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes, resulting in a total of 9 subgroups. The primary outcome measure was the gastric bubble score. Secondary outcomes included gastric cleanliness score, examination time, gastric transit time (GTT), diagnostic efficacy, and safety assessment.Results:A total of 180 children (20 per group) were included in the study. The gastric bubble score (0.89 ± 0.35) and gastric cleanliness score (0.99 ± 0.52) in the 45-minutes subgroup of the dimethicone powder group were significantly lower than those in other groups, indicating better view clarity, with significant differences ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in examination time, GTT, or the positive detection rate of gastric diseases among the groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Administration of defoaming agents before MCE can significantly reduce gastric bubbles and improve the view clarity of the gastric mucosa. The optimal regimen for children is taking 5 g dimethicone powder dissolved in 30 mL warm water 45 minutes before the examination.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of vanishing twin syndrome (VTS) on the accuracy of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). METHODS: Three pregnant women who underwent NIPT testing at Guangdong Women and Children's from November 2019 to February 2020 were selected as the study subjects. The three women had either vanish twin syndrome or had undergone fetal reduction for other reasons in one of their twins, and were subsequently subject to NIPT, chromosome karyotyping, chromosome microarray analysis (CMA), and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Ethics No.: 20230132). RESULTS: Case 1 underwent selective fetal reduction at 8⁺ weeks of gestation. At 17⁺ weeks, NIPT showed a fetal DNA fraction of 2.806%, with results indicating the presence of Y chromosome and abnormal sex chromosome ratios. However, the women had subsequent uncomplicated vaginal delivery of a female infant, and no abnormality noted. Case 2 experienced spontaneous demise of one twin at 13 weeks' gestation. At 19 weeks, NIPT indicated a high risk for chromosome 21 (Z-score 4.671) in the surviving fetus, but subsequent evaluation showed no abnormality. Case 3, a dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin pregnancy, underwent selective reduction at 13⁺ weeks due to fetal abnormalities in one twin. At 22⁺ weeks, NIPT for the surviving fetus indicated a high risk for chromosome 21 (Z-score 17.549), but subsequent evaluation was unremarkable. CONCLUSION In twin pregnancies, the relatively low cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) concentration can compromise the success rate and accuracy of NIPT compared to singleton pregnancies. Residual DNA from the demised fetus may persist for weeks following VTS or selective reduction, potentially causing false-positive NIPT results and interfering with sex chromosome prediction for the surviving fetus. Additionally, determining chorionicity is critical for reliable interpretation of NIPT results in twin pregnancies.
Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Pregnancy ; Diseases in Twins/diagnosis* ; Karyotyping ; Noninvasive Prenatal Testing/methods* ; Pregnancy, Twin ; Prenatal Diagnosis/methods*

Objective:To assess the impact of vanishing twin syndrome (VTS) on the accuracy of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT).Methods:Three pregnant women who underwent NIPT testing at Guangdong Women and Children′s from November 2019 to February 2020 were selected as the study subjects. The three women had either vanish twin syndrome or had undergone fetal reduction for other reasons in one of their twins, and were subsequently subject to NIPT, chromosome karyotyping, chromosome microarray analysis (CMA), and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Ethic No.: 20230132).Results:Case 1 underwent selective fetal reduction at 8 + weeks of gestation. At 17 + weeks, NIPT showed a fetal DNA fraction of 2.806%, with results indicating the presence of Y chromosome and abnormal sex chromosome ratios. However, the women had subsequent uncomplicated vaginal delivery of a female infant, and no abnormality noted. Case 2 experienced spontaneous demise of one twin at 13 weeks′ gestation. At 19 weeks, NIPT indicated a high risk for chromosome 21 ( Z-score 4.671) in the surviving fetus, but subsequent evaluation showed no abnormality. Case 3, a dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin pregnancy, underwent selective reduction at 13 + weeks due to fetal abnormalities in one twin. At 22 + weeks, NIPT for the surviving fetus indicated a high risk for chromosome 21 (Z-score 17.549), but subsequent evaluation was unremarkable. Conclusion:In twin pregnancies, the relatively low cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) concentration can compromise the success rate and accuracy of NIPT compared to singleton pregnancies. Residual DNA from the demised fetus may persist for weeks following VTS or selective reduction, potentially causing false-positive NIPT results and interfering with sex chromosome prediction for the surviving fetus. Additionally, determining chorionicity is critical for reliable interpretation of NIPT results in twin pregnancies.

Objective:To assess the impact of vanishing twin syndrome (VTS) on the accuracy of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT).Methods:Three pregnant women who underwent NIPT testing at Guangdong Women and Children′s from November 2019 to February 2020 were selected as the study subjects. The three women had either vanish twin syndrome or had undergone fetal reduction for other reasons in one of their twins, and were subsequently subject to NIPT, chromosome karyotyping, chromosome microarray analysis (CMA), and short tandem repeat (STR) analysis. This study has been approved by the Medical Ethics Committee of Guangdong Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Ethic No.: 20230132).Results:Case 1 underwent selective fetal reduction at 8 + weeks of gestation. At 17 + weeks, NIPT showed a fetal DNA fraction of 2.806%, with results indicating the presence of Y chromosome and abnormal sex chromosome ratios. However, the women had subsequent uncomplicated vaginal delivery of a female infant, and no abnormality noted. Case 2 experienced spontaneous demise of one twin at 13 weeks′ gestation. At 19 weeks, NIPT indicated a high risk for chromosome 21 ( Z-score 4.671) in the surviving fetus, but subsequent evaluation showed no abnormality. Case 3, a dichorionic diamniotic (DCDA) twin pregnancy, underwent selective reduction at 13 + weeks due to fetal abnormalities in one twin. At 22 + weeks, NIPT for the surviving fetus indicated a high risk for chromosome 21 (Z-score 17.549), but subsequent evaluation was unremarkable. Conclusion:In twin pregnancies, the relatively low cell-free fetal DNA (cffDNA) concentration can compromise the success rate and accuracy of NIPT compared to singleton pregnancies. Residual DNA from the demised fetus may persist for weeks following VTS or selective reduction, potentially causing false-positive NIPT results and interfering with sex chromosome prediction for the surviving fetus. Additionally, determining chorionicity is critical for reliable interpretation of NIPT results in twin pregnancies.

Objective:To investigate the effects of different types and administration times of defoaming agents on the gastric vision clarity before magnetically controlled capsule endoscopy (MCE) in children.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted on children who underwent MCE in Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University from January 2017 to March 2023.Children were divided into three groups based on type of defoaming agents: the simethicone emulsion group (10 mL simethicone emulsion), the dimethicone powder group (5 g dimethicone powder dissolved in 30 mL warm water), and the dimethicone emulsion group (4 mL dimethicone emulsion dissolved in 10 mL water). Each group was further divided into 3 subgroups based on the time of administration before the examination: 30 minutes, 45 minutes, and 60 minutes, resulting in a total of 9 subgroups. The primary outcome measure was the gastric bubble score. Secondary outcomes included gastric cleanliness score, examination time, gastric transit time (GTT), diagnostic efficacy, and safety assessment.Results:A total of 180 children (20 per group) were included in the study. The gastric bubble score (0.89 ± 0.35) and gastric cleanliness score (0.99 ± 0.52) in the 45-minutes subgroup of the dimethicone powder group were significantly lower than those in other groups, indicating better view clarity, with significant differences ( P<0.05). There were no significant differences in examination time, GTT, or the positive detection rate of gastric diseases among the groups ( P>0.05). Conclusion:Administration of defoaming agents before MCE can significantly reduce gastric bubbles and improve the view clarity of the gastric mucosa. The optimal regimen for children is taking 5 g dimethicone powder dissolved in 30 mL warm water 45 minutes before the examination.

Objective:To explore the current situation of professional identity of intern nursing students in Shandong Province, to analyze the potential characteristics of different categories of intern nursing students' professional identity, and to provide reference for formulating relevant intervention programs.Methods:From September to October 2023, using convenient cluster sampling, selected nursing students from different regions of Shandong Province colleges and universities as the research objects, a total of 1298 questionnaires were released and recovered, with 1221 valid questionnaires, and the effective recovery rate of questionnaires was 94.07%. General demographic data was collected, and information on nursing students' professional identity was investigated with the Nursing Students' Professional Identity Questionnaire, the Work Readiness Scale, and the Feedback Seeking Behavior Scale. Latent potential profiles of nursing students' sense of professional identity were analyzed by Mplus 8.3 software, and the best-fitting model was selected by the test of fitness and difference. The χ 2 test was used for comparison between groups of count data, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparison between groups of measure data, and the effects of each factor on different potential profiles were analyzed by multivariate logistic analysis. Results:A total of 1221 intern nursing students were 984 (80.6%) females and 237 (19.4%) males, aged (21.12±2.96) years old, with a total score of (64.23±14.99) for nursing students' professional identity. Nursing students' professional identity was divided into 3 categories: 98 (8.0%) in the low identity group, 624 (51.4%) in the medium identity group, and 496 (40.6%) in the high identity group. The gender, region, age, work readiness scores and feedback seeking behavior scores of nursing students in different categories were different, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Compared with the high identity group, the nursing students in the low identity group were more likely to be included in the high identity group ( OR=0.390, 0.167, P=0.005, 0.006) with higher work readiness and better feedback seeking behavior. Compared with the high identity group, the higher work readiness and non-Jinan areas of the medium identity group were more likely to be included in the high identity group ( OR=0.597, 1.470, P=0.011, 0.012). Compared with the medium identity group, the more feedback seeking behaviors of the low identity group were more likely to be included in the medium identity group ( OR=10.411, P<0.001) . Conclusion:The level of professional identity of intern nursing students can be classified into 3 categories, and nursing administrators can improve work readiness and increase feedback seeking behaviors according to the potential characteristics of the different types to enhance the professional identity of nursing students.

Objective:To explore the current situation of professional identity of intern nursing students in Shandong Province, to analyze the potential characteristics of different categories of intern nursing students' professional identity, and to provide reference for formulating relevant intervention programs.Methods:From September to October 2023, using convenient cluster sampling, selected nursing students from different regions of Shandong Province colleges and universities as the research objects, a total of 1298 questionnaires were released and recovered, with 1221 valid questionnaires, and the effective recovery rate of questionnaires was 94.07%. General demographic data was collected, and information on nursing students' professional identity was investigated with the Nursing Students' Professional Identity Questionnaire, the Work Readiness Scale, and the Feedback Seeking Behavior Scale. Latent potential profiles of nursing students' sense of professional identity were analyzed by Mplus 8.3 software, and the best-fitting model was selected by the test of fitness and difference. The χ 2 test was used for comparison between groups of count data, analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used for comparison between groups of measure data, and the effects of each factor on different potential profiles were analyzed by multivariate logistic analysis. Results:A total of 1221 intern nursing students were 984 (80.6%) females and 237 (19.4%) males, aged (21.12±2.96) years old, with a total score of (64.23±14.99) for nursing students' professional identity. Nursing students' professional identity was divided into 3 categories: 98 (8.0%) in the low identity group, 624 (51.4%) in the medium identity group, and 496 (40.6%) in the high identity group. The gender, region, age, work readiness scores and feedback seeking behavior scores of nursing students in different categories were different, and the differences were statistically significant ( P<0.05). Compared with the high identity group, the nursing students in the low identity group were more likely to be included in the high identity group ( OR=0.390, 0.167, P=0.005, 0.006) with higher work readiness and better feedback seeking behavior. Compared with the high identity group, the higher work readiness and non-Jinan areas of the medium identity group were more likely to be included in the high identity group ( OR=0.597, 1.470, P=0.011, 0.012). Compared with the medium identity group, the more feedback seeking behaviors of the low identity group were more likely to be included in the medium identity group ( OR=10.411, P<0.001) . Conclusion:The level of professional identity of intern nursing students can be classified into 3 categories, and nursing administrators can improve work readiness and increase feedback seeking behaviors according to the potential characteristics of the different types to enhance the professional identity of nursing students.

Objective:To analyze the correlation among social support, positive coping and job burnout among nurses in Department of Infectious Diseases.Methods:From March 2020 to June 2021, convenience sampling was used to select 110 nurses from Department of Infectious Diseases of 8 ClassⅢ hospitals in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province as the research object. The General Information Questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory, Social Support Rating Scale (SSRS) , and Simple Coping Style Questionnaire (SCSQ) were used to investigate the nurses. Pearson correlation analysis was used analyze the correlation among job burnout, social support and positive coping. A total of 110 questionnaires were distributed, and 102 effective questionnaires were recovered, with an effective recovery rate of 92.73%.Results:Among the 102 nurses in Department of Infectious Diseases, 17.65% (18/102) were in mild burnout, 57.84% (59/102) were in moderate burnout, and 20.59% (21/102) were in severe burnout. The SSRS total score and each dimension score of nurses in Department of Infectious Diseases were positively correlated with the positive coping subscale score of SCSQ ( P<0.05) , and negatively correlated with the emotional exhaustion subscale and depersonalization subscale score of the Maslach Burnout Inventory ( P<0.05) , but it was positively correlated with the personal achievement subscale score ( P<0.05) . Conclusions:The overall job burnout of nurses in Department of Infectious Diseases was moderate to severe level, and social support and positive coping were correlated with job burnout. Nursing managers should develop measures to reduce the job burnout of nurses in Department of Infectious Diseases.

Objective:To analyze the indications for prenatal diagnosis and summarize the pregnancy outcomes and its influencing factors of pregnant women with fetal sex chromosome aneuploidy (SCA).Methods:This study retrospectively enrolled 1 372 fetuses prenatally diagnosed with SCA in Medical Genetics Center of Guangdong Women and Children Hospital from January 2013 to December 2021. The relationship between prenatal diagnosis indications and SCA as well as between ultrasound abnormalities, pregnancy outcomes and SCA types were analyzed by Chi-square test and trend Chi-square test. Results:The most common prenatal diagnosis indication was abnormal non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) (61.6%, 845/1 372). The most common SCA type was 47,XXY in cases with indications of abnormal NIPT and advanced maternal age, mosaic in cases with high or borderline risk of Down syndrome, and 45,X in cases with increased nuchal translucency or cystic hygroma. Of 1 372 pregnant women with fetal SCA, 17 were lost to follow-up, seven had intrauterine fetal death, and 1 348 (98.3%) were followed up for pregnancy outcomes including 36.3% (489/1 348) continued pregnancies and 63.7% (859/1 348) terminations. Pregnancy termination rates decreased sequentially in pregnant women carrying fetuses with 45,X, 47,XXY, mosaic, 47,XXX and 47,XYY [99.2% (247/249), 74.5% (307/412), 67.8% (156/230), 36.6% (86/235) and 28.4% (63/222), χ2trend=352.76, P<0.001]. There was no significant difference in pregnancy termination rates among the cases with different mosaic mutations (all P>0.05). The pregnancy termination rate was higher in fetuses with SCA complicated by ultrasound structural abnormalities than in those without ultrasound abnormalities and those with ultrasound soft markers [91.5% (182/199) vs 57.1% (535/937) and 67.0% (142/212), χ2 were 83.68 and 36.85, both P<0.001]. Moreover, the pregnancy termination rate in fetuses with SCA complicated by ultrasound soft markers was higher than those without ultrasound abnormalities ( χ2=7.13, P<0.05). Conclusions:NIPT abnormality is the most common indication for prenatal diagnosis of SCA. The types of SCA and ultrasound findings are important factors determining whether the pregnancy would be continued or not.

Objective:To investigate the effect of activation of microglia in prefrontal cortex on long-term spatial memory in post-stroke depression mice.Methods:Forty-eight male C57BL/6 mice were divided into sham operation group, stroke group, post-stroke depression group and depression group according to the random number table method with 12 in each group, and 36 mice were divided into solvent group, enrofloxacin group and minocycline group according to the random number table method with 12 in each group.Middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) was use to establish the stroke model, and forced swimming was used to establish the depression model.The post-stroke depression model mice were received MCAO first and then received forced swimming on the 4th day after stroke to establish the model.Mice in enrofloxacin group and minocycline group were treated with enrofloxacin and minocycline injection once a clay for 14 days from the 5th day after stroke, respectively.Forced swimming test and sugar water preference test were used to evaluate the depression of mice in each group, Morris water maze test was used to detect the spatial memory function of mice in each group, and Nissl staining and immunofluorescence staining were used to detect the neuronal function and the number and type of microglia activation.The expression of inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and IL-1β were detected by Western blot.GraphPad Prism 8.0.1 statistical software was used for statistical analysis.The single factor variance analysis was used to compare the difference among multiple groups, and pairwise comparison was performed with SNK- q test. Results:(1) There were statistically significant differences in depression, learning and memory, neuron damage, activation of microglia, inflammatory factors and other indicators in sham operation group, stroke group, post-stroke depression group and depression group ( F=43.58-255.70, all P<0.05). Compared with stroke group, post-stroke depression group had longer floating immobility time ((222.70±29.12) s, (79.25±46.78) s, P<0.05), the preference rate of sugar water was significantly lower ( (49.44±6.19) %, (84.49±4.73) %, P<0.05), and the average value of platform approach after correction was higher((125.00±9.95) mm, (96.79±12.57) mm, P<0.05), Nissl bodies expression was lower ((53.50±15.78) cells /mm 2, (85.67±17.52) cells /mm 2, P<0.05), NeuN positive expression rate was lower ((29.78±3.70) %, (45.73±4.51) %, P<0.05), the percent of M1 microglia expression was significantly higher ((75.55±8.84) %, (58.19±5.69) %, P<0.05), the percent of M2 microglia expression was lower ((43.46±5.11)%, (57.14±5.40)%, P<0.05), and the expression levels of IL-6 ((1.14±0.03), (0.94±0.05), P<0.05) and IL-1β((1.17±0.03), (0.56±0.04), P<0.05) were significantly higher.(2) Depression, learning and memory, neuron injury, activation of microglia, inflammatory factors and other indicators of mice in solvent group, enrofloxacin group and minocycline group were significantly different ( F=7.13-94.35, all P<0.05). Compared with enrofloxacin group, mice in minocycline group had shorter floating immobility time ((169.30±13.04) s, (224.30±22.60) s, P<0.05) and higher sugar water preference rate ((62.81±7.75) %, (47.71±8.11) %, P<0.05), the mean value of platform approach estimation after water maze correction was lower ((97.66±14.56) mm, (120.20±12.08) mm, P<0.05), and the expression level of Nissl bodies was higher ((80.17±10.55) cells /mm 2, (52.00±8.94) cells /mm 2, P<0.05), NeuN expression rate was high ((45.04±3.62) %, (28.88±4.50) %, P<0.05), Iba-1 expression was lower ((97.33±10.67) cells/mm 2, (112.50±6.54)cells/mm 2, P<0.05), the percent of M1 microglia expression was lower ((54.43±5.22) %, (73.82±6.88) %, P<0.05), and the percent of M2 microglia expression was significantly higher ((51.86±6.22) %, (36.30±5.72) %, P<0.05). The expression levels of IL-6 ((0.75±0.06), (1.21±0.07), P<0.05) and IL-1β ((0.61±0.06) (1.09±0.09), P<0.05) were lower. Conclusion:The long-term spatial memory impairment of post-stroke depression mice is aggravated, which is related to the neuron damage caused by increased activation of M1 microglia in PFC area.Inhibition of M1 microglia by minocycline can effectively improve the spatial memory ability of mice.