Alzheimer's disease(AD), a neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging, is the most prevalent form of dementia.As the aging population continues to expand, AD presents significant health and caregiving challenges for families and society, making it a pressing international public health concern.In recent years, numerous countries have implemented dementia prevention and treatment strategies that emphasize community-based comprehensive approaches.Currently, the community-based AD prevention and treatment model in China is still in the exploratory phase, with community efforts lacking organization.In alignment with China's action plan for advancing dementia prevention and treatment, and to achieve the strategic objective of "healthy aging, " this consensus is based on the principle of three-level prevention and is tailored to the characteristics of AD disease progression.It aims to develop a comprehensive prevention and treatment strategy for AD that is suitable for communities in China, providing technical guidance and support to establish a scientific basis for formulating community AD prevention and treatment models.

Alzheimer's disease(AD), a neurodegenerative disorder associated with aging, is the most prevalent form of dementia.As the aging population continues to expand, AD presents significant health and caregiving challenges for families and society, making it a pressing international public health concern.In recent years, numerous countries have implemented dementia prevention and treatment strategies that emphasize community-based comprehensive approaches.Currently, the community-based AD prevention and treatment model in China is still in the exploratory phase, with community efforts lacking organization.In alignment with China's action plan for advancing dementia prevention and treatment, and to achieve the strategic objective of "healthy aging, " this consensus is based on the principle of three-level prevention and is tailored to the characteristics of AD disease progression.It aims to develop a comprehensive prevention and treatment strategy for AD that is suitable for communities in China, providing technical guidance and support to establish a scientific basis for formulating community AD prevention and treatment models.

Objective To investigate the MRI manifestations of ovarian serous surface papillary borderline tumor(SSPBT).Methods The data from 10 cases of ovarian SSPBT confirmed by surgical pathology were collected,with a median age of 28.5 years.Two radiologists analyzed the MRI manifestations and laboratory examination results of the lesions.Results Among the 10 patients,7 had bilateral ovarian involvement,with 14 lesions observed on MRI.All lesions were solid and cystic,12 lesions were adjacent to normal ovaries,12 lesions exhibited a flocculent or spongy appearance,and 10 lesions showed the"anemone sign".Contrast-enhanced scans revealed progressive moderate or marked enhancement,without lymphadenopathy or distant metastasis.Elevated serum CA125 levels were found in 8 patients.Conclusion Ovarian SSPBT have relatively characteristic imaging manifestations.Combining patient age,imaging manifestations,and laboratory examination results can often lead to an accurate diagnosis.

Objective To investigate the MRI manifestations of ovarian serous surface papillary borderline tumor(SSPBT).Methods The data from 10 cases of ovarian SSPBT confirmed by surgical pathology were collected,with a median age of 28.5 years.Two radiologists analyzed the MRI manifestations and laboratory examination results of the lesions.Results Among the 10 patients,7 had bilateral ovarian involvement,with 14 lesions observed on MRI.All lesions were solid and cystic,12 lesions were adjacent to normal ovaries,12 lesions exhibited a flocculent or spongy appearance,and 10 lesions showed the"anemone sign".Contrast-enhanced scans revealed progressive moderate or marked enhancement,without lymphadenopathy or distant metastasis.Elevated serum CA125 levels were found in 8 patients.Conclusion Ovarian SSPBT have relatively characteristic imaging manifestations.Combining patient age,imaging manifestations,and laboratory examination results can often lead to an accurate diagnosis.

Objective To explore the application of Plan-Do-Check-Act(PDCA)cycle management to continuously im-prove the service quality of outpatient pharmacy and enhance patient satisfaction.Methods To address the problem of long wait-ing time for patients in outpatient pharmacy,we applied PDCA cycle to investigate the factors affecting patients'waiting time in the process of medicine collection,analyze the current situation,determine the expected goals,formulate the service quality im-provement plan of outpatient pharmacy,implement the improvement plan,follow up and supervise,and summarize and analyse the problems regularly until it was solved.Results After implementing the PDCA cycle in the management,the service quality of outpatient pharmacy was improved,the waiting time was significantly shortened and the satisfaction of medical treatment was in-creased.Conclusion The application of PDCA cycle method is effective in improving the service quality of outpatient pharmacy.Therefore,it is recommended for broader implementation.

The biological samples of oral genetic diseases and rare diseases are extremely precious. Collecting and preserving these biological samples are helpful to elucidate the mechanisms and improve the level of diagnose and treatment of oral genetic diseases and rare diseases. The standardized construction of biobanks for oral genetic diseases and rare diseases is important for achieving these goals. At present, there is very little information on the construction of these biobanks, and the standards or suggestions for the classification and coding of biological samples from oral and maxillofacial sources, and this is not conducive to the standardization and information construction of biobanks for special oral diseases. This consensus summarizes the background, necessity, principles, and key points of constructing the biobank for oral genetic diseases and rare diseases. On the base of the group standard "Classification and Coding for Human Biomaterial" (GB/T 39768-2021) issued by the National Technical Committee for Standardization of Biological Samples, we suggest 76 new coding numbers for different of biological samples from oral and maxillofacial sources. We hope the consensus may promote the standardization, and smartization on the biobank construction as well as the overall research level of oral genetic diseases and rare diseases in China.

Objective: To explore the association between maternal pre pregnancy and pre delivery overweight with overweight and obesity among offspring during adolescence in Guangzhou, and to provide evidence for child obesity prevention. Methods: Based on the routine physical examination of primary and secondary school students in Guangzhou, random sampling was used to 6 middle schools and questionnaire survey was conducted among 3 384 students and their parents. Students with overweight and obesity were included in the case group, and the other students were included in the control group. Propensity Score Matching (PSM) was adopted to reduce selection bias. Logistic regression model and χ 2 test were used to analyze the data before and after PSM. Results: The result of univariate analysis showed that there were statistically significant differences between overweight/obese group and the control group by gender, schooling stage (middle and high schools), picky eater, family history of obesity, family monthly income, delivery mode, high birthweight, and gestational weight gain before PSM( χ 2=42.38, 10.64, 14.47, 26.85, 10.58, 13.59 , 15.53, 20.64, P <0.05). After PSM, results showed that there were no statistically significant differences between overweight/obese group and the control group in middle and high schools, and mother delivery mode( P >0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of overweight and obesity of maternal pre pregnancy on adolescent offspring was 1.54 times higher than control group (95% CI =1.01-2.36) before PSM, and the overweight and obesity of maternal predelivery also increased the risk of overweight and obesity of adolescent offspring( OR=2.35, 95%CI =1.67-3.31). After PSM, maternal overweight and obesity pre pregnancy ( OR=2.17, 95%CI =1.41-3.34) and maternal overweight and obesity pre delivery( OR=2.99, 95%CI =2.08-4.31) significantly increased the risk of overweight and obesity in adolescent offspring. Conclusion Maternal overweight and obesity pre pregnancy and pre delivery are associated with increased risk of overweight and obesity in adolescent offspring.

Objective:To explore whether there were changes in midbrain morphology related to motor function in patients with cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD).Methods:The study was conducted on a subset of patients with CSVD registered at the Department of Neurology of Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 2010 to 2018. All magnetic resonance imaging images were taken with a 3.0 T nuclear magnetic resonance imager. The measurement of anteroposterior diameter of the mesencephalon and the tegmentum of mesencephalon was performed on a personal computer with the image processing software RadiAnt DICOM Viewer. Several clinical manifestations of dyspraxia, dysphagia, dysarthria and dysuria were evaluated by interviewing the patient and family members living with the patient. Kinect depth camera combined with self-developed software platform was used to conduct quantitative evaluation of patients′ motor function. Three parameters, namely walking speed, walking time of three meters and time of standing up and sitting down, were selected from the obtained parameters. SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis.Results:A total of 176 patients were included, aged 30-88 (64.16±11.57) years. One hundred and fifteen patients were males, accounting for 65.34%. In patients with CSVD, anteroposterior diameter of the mesencephalon and the tegmentum of mesencephalon were negatively correlated with age ( B=-0.032, P<0.001; B=-0.020, P=0.006). The anteroposterior diameter of the mesencephalon was negatively correlated with symptoms of dyskinesia ( OR=0.006, 95% CI 0-0.135, P=0.001), even when the age and gender were adjusted ( OR=0.014,95% CI 0-0.416, P=0.013). The anteroposterior diameter of the mesencephalon was negatively correlated with symptoms of dysuria ( OR=0.046,95% CI 0.002-0.936, P=0.045), but no longer correlated when the age and gender were adjusted. The anteroposterior diameter of tegmentum of mesencephalo was also negatively correlated with symptoms of dyskinesia ( OR=0.035,95% CI 0.002-0.684, P=0.027), but no longer correlated after adjusting for age and gender. Video recording and evaluation of motor function were performed on 87 patients. Spearman correlation analysis showed that none of the three motor function scores was correlated with age or gender. The anteroposteric diameter of the midbrain was positively correlated with walking speed ( r=0.231 ,P=0.040) and negatively correlated with walking time of three meters ( r=-0.304, P=0.005), but not with standing up and sitting down time, while the anteroposteric diameter of tegmentum of mesencephalo was not correlated with all of them. Conclusion:There are changes in mesencephalon morphology in patients with CSVD, structural parameters of mesencephalon are related to motor function and urination function, and mesencephalon atrophy may be an independent related factor for symptoms of dyskinesia in patients with CSVD.

Objective To investigate the effectiveness and safety of intravenous immunoglobulin combined with oral glucocorticoid in the treatment of myasthenia gravis in elderly patients.Methods A total of 235 elderly patients diagnosed as myasthenia gravis in our hospital were enrolled in our study from January 2012 to December 2016,and randomly divided into observation group (intravenous immunoglobulin combined with oral glucocorticoid n =118) and control group (oral glucocorticoid only,n =117).The clinical curative effect,immune function index,QMG scale,symptom remission time,length of hospitalization,and adverse reactions in both groups were recorded and analyzed after two-week treatment.Results The total effective rate was significantly higher in observation group (106/117,90.6％) than in control group (84/118,71.2％) (x2=5.621,P=0.000).The levels of serum IgG1,IgG3,and complement C3 were significantly higher in observation group than in control group (P ＜0.05).The QMG scale,symptom remission time,and length of hospitalization were lower in observation group [(9.2 ± 4.0) score,(6.2 ± 1.6) d,(14.4 ± 3.3) d]than in the control group [(13.4 ± 6.1) score,(11.6 ± 2.4) d,(25.1 ± 4.8) d] (t =6.158,19.797,and 20.078,P=0.000,0.002 and 0.009).No serious adverse reaction was observed in both groups.Conclusions The combined therapies of intravenous immunoglobulin and oral glucocorticoid for myasthenia gravis in the elderly have remarkable effectiveness.It is close to an ideal treatment because it effectively inhibits a disease progression in time,regulates an immune function,and shortens a hospitalization time.

Objective: Through the literature analysis on adverse reaction of Cattle Encephalon Glycoside and Ignotin injection, to explore the general rules and characteristics of its occurrence, thus to promote clinical rational drug use. Methods: The situation of domestic medical journals about the adverse reaction of Cattle Encephalon Glycoside and Ignotin injection was analyzed. Results: The reported adverse reactions in Cattle Encephalon Glycoside and Ignotin injection, men were more than women, 60 years of age accounted for 70.59%(12/17) of the total number of patients; 88.24% of the adverse reactions of patients were repeated after the application of Cattle Encephalon and Ignotin injection, and systemic damage accounted for 48.28%. Conclusion Cattle Encephalon Glycoside and Ignotin injection can cause many adverse reactions, its mechanism is complicated, so in the clinical application should strengthen protection awareness.