OBJECTIVE Analyze the nasal nitric oxide(NNO)of CRS children,and explore the clinical value of NNO in the diagnosis and treatment of CRS in children.METHODS CRS children diagnosed in the outpatient clinic were selected,and were divided into CRS with and without AR according to their allergen results.VAS score and NNO test were performed for them.Healthy children during the same period were selected as the control group.Finally their results were compared and analyzed.RESULTS The NNO of CRS children with and without AR were(193±62)ppb and(138±49)ppb,both lower than the control group's[(243±51)ppb];There were negative correlations between NNO and VAS scores in CRS children without AR before and after treatment;The NNO of CRS children with and without AR were significantly increased after treatment(P<0.05);NNO has high predictive value for diagnosing CRS children without AR(P<0.01).CONCLUSION The levels of NNO in different types of CRS were lower than normal,and CRS children without AR was lower than those with AR.NNO could assist in the diagnosis of CRS,dynamically reflect the severity of nasal inflammation,and help to distinguish the allergic status of CRS.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of Hibiseu Manihot L.fructus on type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)mice.Methods T2DM mice were randomly divided into normal group,model group,positive drug group,Hibiseu Manihot L.fructus total extract group,water-solube part group,and Hibiseu Manihot L.fructus ethyl acetate fraction group,with 10 mice in each group.After 4 weeks of treatment,anti-diabetic effects were evaluated by monitoring body mass,fasting blood glucose(FBG),oral glucose tolerance test(OGTT),fasting insulin(FINS),homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR),and area under the blood glucose curve(AUC).Liver tissue status was assessed through liver index and hematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining.Results Compared with the model group,the water-solube part and total extract group showed significant improvements in mental status,food intake,body mass,excretion,and the FBG elevation was effectively suppressed,OGTT,FINS,AUC,HOMA-IR and liver index were significantly decreased(P＜0.05 or P＜0.01),the histopathological analysis revealed improved liver tissue morphology.Regarding channel protein expression,compared with the model group,the water-solube part group exhibited significantly upregulated phosphorylation levels of protein kinase B(AKT)and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase(PI3K)in mouse liver tissue(P＜0.05),furthermore,the positive drug group,total extract group,and water-solube part group all demonstrated markedly increased phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase(AMPK)in hepatic tissues(P＜0.05).Conclusion The water-solube part of fructus of Hibiseu Manihot L fructus.effectively alleviates T2DM symptoms(polyphagia,polydipsia,polyuria,weight loss)and glucose metabolism disorders,with hepatoprotective effects potentially mediated through PI3K/AKT pathway activation and enhanced p-AMPK expression.

Objective To investigate the effects of long-term exposure to three new types of light emitting diode (LED) sources on the behavior, learning, and memory of rats. Methods A total of 160 specific pathogen-free SD rats were divided into eight groups as followed, trichromatic fluorescent lamps color temperature control group, violet-chip full-spectrum white LED group, blue-chip white LED group, and blue-chip full-spectrum white LED group based on the light sources types, with color temperature of 4 000 K and 6 500 K groups in each group using the 4×2 factorial design. There were 20 rats in each group, with half of the rats were males and half females. Rats were exposed to artificial lighting, and the illumination was set at 750 lx. The rats in each group were exposed to different lighting environments for 12 hours per day for 24 weeks. The open-field and step-down tests were conducted in rats after 24 weeks exposure, followed by sacrifice of rats and measurement of organ coefficients. Differences in body weight, organ coefficients, and neurobehavioral indexes of rats in different groups were compared. Results The spleen coefficient of female rats decreased in blue-chip white LED of 6 500 K color temperature group, and the liver coefficient of male rats decreased in the violet-chip full-spectrum white LED of 4 000 K color temperature, blue-chip full-spectrum white LED of 4 000 K color temperature, and blue-chip full-spectrum white LED of 6 500 K color temperature groups, compared with the same-sex rats in trichromatic fluorescent lamps with same-color temperature control group (all P<0.05). The result of different types of light sources compared in the open-field test showed that the index of total distance and movement speed of female rats in the blue-chip full-spectrum white LED group were lower than those in the other three groups, and the time cost to the central area was longer than that in the blue-chip white LED group and the violet-chip full-spectrum white LED group (all P<0.05). The total distance and movement speed of male rats in the blue-chip full-spectrum white LED group were longer or higher than those in the violet-chip full-spectrum white LED group (all P<0.05). Based on the comparison of color temperature, the time and total distance of male rats in 6 500 K color temperature group were lower than that in the 4 000 K color temperature group (both P<0.05). In the step-down test, both male and female rats in the blue-chip full-spectrum white LED group made more errors compared with other three groups with the same gender (all P<0.05). Conclusion Based on the experimental conditions of this study, the blue-chip full-spectrum white light LED affects behavior, learning and memory of the rats, and trichromatic fluorescent lamp has the lowest effect on neurobehavior. The color temperature also affects behavior of the rats, and high color temperature has higher risk.

Objective To establish a trimethyltin chloride (TMT) -induced learning and memory impairment model in rats, and to investigate the protective effects and potential mechanisms of ferulic acid. Methods Specific pathogen-free male SD rats were randomly divided into control group, TMT intoxication group, fluoxetine group and 25, 50, 100 mg/kg ferulic acid group. The rats in the last five groups were injected with a dose of 8 mg/kg body weight TMT solution, and the rats in control group were injected with the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution. After 24 hours of TMT injection, the rats in fluoxetine group were treated 10 mg/kg body weight of fluoxetine, the rats in the three ferulic acid groups were treated with ferulic acid at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight, respectively. The rats in the control group and TMT intoxication group were treated with the same volume of 0.9% sodium chloride solution, once per day for continuous gavage for 28 days. Morris water maze experiment and light-dark box test were used to assess the learning and memory abilities of the rats. The mRNA and protein expressions of nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the rat hippocampus were detected by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Western blot. The levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in the rat hippocampus were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared with the control group, rats of TMT intoxication group on day four had prolonged escape latency (P<0.05), fewer platform crossing (P<0.05), shorter time spent in the target quadrant and shorter latency to enter the dark compartment (all P<0.05). The mRNA and protein relative expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β increased (all P<0.05), ROS and MDA levels increased (all P<0.05), SOD and CAT activities decreased (all P<0.05) in the rat hippocampus of TMT intoxication group on day four compared with that of the control group. Except for the terms of escape latency and target quadrant period of the rats in the 25 mg/kg ferulic acid group, rats in three ferulic acid groups on day four had lower escape latency (all P<0.05), more platform crossing (all P<0.05), longer period in the target quadrant and longer latency to enter the dark compartment (all P<0.05), compared with TMT intoxication group. Except for the relative protein expression of TNF-α in the rats of 50 mg/kg ferulic acid group, the mRNA and protein expression of NF-κB, TNF-α and IL-1β decreased (all P<0.05), ROS and MDA levels were reduced (all P<0.05), and the activities of SOD and CAT increased (all P<0.05) in the hippocampus of rats of 50 and 100 mg/kg ferulic acid groups compared with TMT intoxication group. Conclusion Ferulic acid can reverse TMT-induced learning and memory impairment in rats, and its mechanism of action may be related to alleviating oxidative stress damage and excessive inflammatory response in rat hippocampus.

Objective:To systematically describe the characteristics and trends of clinical studies on aesthetic and plastic devices from 2016 to 2020 in China.Methods:Clinical studies on aesthetic and plastic devices conducted in China from 2016 to 2020 were identified through ClinicalTrials.gov and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry using predetermined search strings. Data on indications, medical device, sponsor type, and study design were collected and analyzed.Results:From 2016 to 2020, 118 registered clinical studies were identified and analyzed, among which 100 trials (84.7%) were initiated by medical institutions and the remaining were initiated by medical device enterprises. The number of studies increased from 12 to 42 from 2016 to 2020 with an average annual growth rate of 39.6%. For indication types, there are 90(76.3%) studies on skin defects, followed by 21(17.8%) on maxillofacial defects, 5(4.2%) on hair defects and 2(1.7%) on breast defects. The top four indications were scars, acne, nasolabial folds, and port-wine stains. For device types, photoelectric devices were involved in 73(61.9%) studies, followed by surgical devices [20(16.9%)] and injection devices [19(16.1%)]. Laser devices were the research focus among all photoelectric device categories. There were 11 clinical studies on scar treatment using laser treatment equipment, of which 6 trials applied parallel controlled study design, and the remaining trials applied self-controlled design. The sample size of these 11 trials ranged from 15 to 110.Conclusions:The number of registered clinical studies on aesthetic and plastic devices kept growing in the last few years. Skin related indications and photoelectric devices have become the hot spot in the field.

Objective:To systematically describe the characteristics and trends of clinical studies on aesthetic and plastic devices from 2016 to 2020 in China.Methods:Clinical studies on aesthetic and plastic devices conducted in China from 2016 to 2020 were identified through ClinicalTrials.gov and the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry using predetermined search strings. Data on indications, medical device, sponsor type, and study design were collected and analyzed.Results:From 2016 to 2020, 118 registered clinical studies were identified and analyzed, among which 100 trials (84.7%) were initiated by medical institutions and the remaining were initiated by medical device enterprises. The number of studies increased from 12 to 42 from 2016 to 2020 with an average annual growth rate of 39.6%. For indication types, there are 90(76.3%) studies on skin defects, followed by 21(17.8%) on maxillofacial defects, 5(4.2%) on hair defects and 2(1.7%) on breast defects. The top four indications were scars, acne, nasolabial folds, and port-wine stains. For device types, photoelectric devices were involved in 73(61.9%) studies, followed by surgical devices [20(16.9%)] and injection devices [19(16.1%)]. Laser devices were the research focus among all photoelectric device categories. There were 11 clinical studies on scar treatment using laser treatment equipment, of which 6 trials applied parallel controlled study design, and the remaining trials applied self-controlled design. The sample size of these 11 trials ranged from 15 to 110.Conclusions:The number of registered clinical studies on aesthetic and plastic devices kept growing in the last few years. Skin related indications and photoelectric devices have become the hot spot in the field.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of subacute systemic inhalation exposure of 1,2-dichloroethane(1,2-DCE) on learning and memory in NIH mice. METHODS: Forty-five specific pathogen free healthy 7-week-old NIH mice were randomly divided into control,low-dose and high-dose groups with 5 female mice and 10 male mice in each group. The mice were exposed to 1,2-DCE at dosages of 0. 00,100. 00 and 350. 00 mg/m3 for 6 hours per day for consecutive 28 days by dynamic systemic inhalation. The neurobehavioral tests of mice were performed before and after the first to fourth weeks of exposure using the Morris water maze test. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in body weight and swimming speed among the three groups of mice( P > 0. 05). The navigation experiment results showed that the escape latency of mice in both low-and high-dose groups were longer than that of the control group at the same time point(P < 0. 05) during 1-4 weeks after exposure. In the control group,the escape latency was shorter than that of the same group before exposure( P < 0. 05). The escape latency of high-dose group prolonged with the increase of exposure time,and in the 4 th week the escape latency was significantly higher than that of the same group before exposure( P < 0. 05).The experiment results of space exploration indicated that the first time of crossing platform in low-and high-dose groups were longer than that of the control group at the second to the fourth week( P < 0. 05). The target quadrant retention time and the number of crossing the platform in the low-and high-dose groups were lower than those in the control group( P <0. 05). CONCLUSION: Subacute inhalation exposure of 1,2-DCE can impair the learning and memory ability of NIH mice.The high-dose exposure may reduce learning ability in mice in a time-effect manner.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effects of different anesthetics and blood sampling methods on blood routine test results in experimental animals. METHODS: A total of 42 specific pathogen free( SPF) male Sprague Dawley( SD) rats and 59 SPF male Kunming( KM) mice were randomly divided into 4 groups( control group,ether group,chloral hydrate group and pentobarbital sodium group). Ether group animals were treated with ether inhalation anesthesia; animals in chloral hydrate group and pentobarbital sodium group were injected intraperitoneally with chloral hydrate or pentobarbital sodium. The control group received no anesthesia treatment. Blood samples were collected by different ways: orbital venous plexus,abdominal aorta or eyeball enucleation. White blood cell( WBC) count,red blood cell( RBC) count,platelet(PLT) count,hemoglobin(Hb) level and hematocrit(HCT) in blood samples were analyzed. RESULTS: The RBC count,Hb level and HCT of SD rats in pentobarbital sodium group were significantly lower than those in control group( P <0. 05). The HCT of SD rats in ether group was lower than that in control group( P < 0. 05). The WBC count of orbital venous plexus of KM mice was lower than that taken by eyeball enucleation in control group( P < 0. 05),but the WBC count of orbital venous plexus was higher than that taken by eyeball enucleation in chloral hydrate group( P < 0. 05). The RBC count,Hb level,HCT of KM mice in pentobarbital sodium group were significantly lower than those in control group(P < 0. 05). CONCLUSION: The anesthetic can affect the blood routine test results of experimental animals. Different blood sampling methods have effects on blood routine test results of KM mice.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction combined with anterolateral ligament(ALL)reconstruction in ACL injury patients with high-grade pivot shift.Methods From May 2015 to April 2016,156 patients underwent ACL reconstruction by the same surgeon,and 22 of them with grade 2/3 pivot shift were included in this study.Anteroposterior knee stability was evaluated using KT1000 measurement,and the rotatory stability was assessed using the pivot-shift test.The Lysholm score was used to monitor the clinical function.Results There were 14 male subjects and 8 females,with an average age of 29.3 years.The mean follow-up period was 8.6 months.The mean side-to-side difference of anteroposterior knee laxity was 2.1 ± 0.6 mm,significantly improved compared with the preoperative 8.9 ± 3.1 mm.The preoperative pivot-shift indicated 2+ in 20 patients and 3+ in 2 patients,while at the final follow-up,21 patients had negative pivot shift with 1 of 1+ pivot shift.The difference was significant.The average Lysholm score improved significantly from 60.5 ± 12.3 preoperatively to 79.2 ± 7.8 at the final follow-up.Conclusion The rotatory instability can be effectively restored through the ACL reconstruction combined with ALL reconstruction in patients with high-grade pivot shift.The early-stage knee stability and functional outcomes indicate significant improvement postoperatively.

Sleep status is an important indicator to evaluate the health status of human beings. In this paper, we proposed a novel type of unperturbed sleep monitoring system under pillow to identify the pattern change of heart rate variability (HRV) through obtained RR interval signal, and to calculate the corresponding sleep stages combined with hidden Markov model (HMM) under the no-perception condition. In order to solve the existing problems of sleep staging based on HMM, ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) was proposed to eliminate the error caused by the individual differences in HRV and then to calculate the corresponding sleep stages. Ten normal subjects of different age and gender without sleep disorders were selected from Guangzhou Institute of Respirator Diseases for heart rate monitoring. Comparing sleep stage results based on HMM to that of polysomnography (PSG), the experimental results validate that the proposed noninvasive monitoring system can capture the sleep stages S1-S4 with an accuracy more than 60%, and performs superior to that of the existing sleep staging scheme based on HMM.